Маркетинговые исследования потребителей рынка транспортно - логистических услуг в условиях цифровизации экономики

Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a technology of great importance in the current era of the international economy development, with essential impact on all the social systems. Logistics is a sector undergoing deep innovation-driven change in the latest decades. It was information and communication technologies (ICT) that greatly contributed in the growth of the logistics market. These ICT-specific innovations allow connected logistics services to generate big scopes of data and diverse information that can be stored and analyzed with high accuracy. On account of this, market analysts believe that IoT is capable to trigger radical change the way of supply chains, and predict the average nearly 30 per cent annual increase of the global logistics market after 2020. This raises the importance of analyses of various dimensions of IoT technology impact on the expansion of the transport and logistics services market. The definition of the notion “Internet of Things” is given, with emphasizing its significance for the modern economy. The IoT contributions in enhancing the market effectiveness of the transport and logistics services market are highlighted. Statistical data on the perspectives of IoT technology applications in transport and logistics services are analyzed, showing that transport logistics is an industry leader by IoT spending; essential advantages created by IoT in the transport and logistics services are highlighted. Cases of effective use of IoT at company level worldwide are given, to confirm that transport and logistics is one of the most promising sectors for implementation of IoT.

The use of modern information technologies in transport logistics makes it possible to reduce the cost of cargo delivery and optimize the time of their transportation. Reducing inventory to the most optimal level and delivering goods exactly at a certain time is very much in demand for a modern dynamic economy. One of the most important tasks of the logistics chain is to coordinate the actions of all its participants. This is facilitated by the standardization of documents necessary for the transportation of goods, the establishment of direct contractual relations between all participants in the logistics chain, as well as the possibility of a single order for all services provided by all participants in the logistics chain. Effective development of transport logistics requires a systematic approach to solving emerging practical problems. The formation of transport and logistics clusters and the creation of multimodal transport and logic centers contributes to the development of the transport and logic sector. The transport system shows its maximum efficiency not only in the presence of modern transport infrastructure, but it also requires the presence of free competition in the market of transport and logistics services. The state policy in the field of regulation of the market of transport and logistics services should be aimed at their rationalization and reduction of costs correlated with them.

Rationale: The Russian transport system is losing its competitive advantage due to the slow response to digital calls. Thus, for subjects of the market of transport and logistics services, it is relevant to have recommendations for adapting a business model when moving from an analogue economy to a digital one.
 Purpose: To develop a conceptual diagram of the digital transformation of the business model of the operator company.
 Methods: 
 
 сomparison of the principles of the five business areas of the operator before and after the transition to the digital economy;
 analysis of the behavior of companies in the transport market;
 summarizing the results of the study and assessing the possibility of their application to other organizations in this market segment;
 case method Development of measures for the effective development of multimodal transportation of the Asia-Pacific Region (INTERTRAN));
 an integrated approach is the search for new points (channels) of interaction with a dynamic network of customers through the implementation of industrial logistics projects.
 
 Results: 
 
 the status of five areas of the business strategy of the operator company was determined before and after the transition from the analogue era to the digital one;
 the conditions are formulated under which the implementation of the business process "sale of transport and logistics services" will provide the sales department of the operator company to develop "proactive sales";
 recommendations are proposed for adapting a value proposition for the provision of transport and logistics services.
 
 Conclusions: The novelty of the proposed conceptual scheme for adapting the business model of the operator company during the transition from the analogue economy to the digital one lies in the initial definition of the stage of digital transformation of each of the five areas of the operators business strategy, and then in the selection of a specific digital technology for implementation in a specific business-process.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the current state and development trends of the national market for transport and logistics services in rail transport, represented by both the structural divisions of JSC “Russian Railways” and independent transport companies. Materials and Methods . Materials from open sources on the internet were used, along with methods of comparative analysis and statistics. Results. Based on statistical data, an analysis of the current state of the national market for transport and logistics services in rail transport has been conducted, identifying bottlenecks, the impact of external factors, and assessing the competitiveness of the industry. The main problematic issues and trends in the development of the national market for transport and logistics services in rail transport have been considered, as well as the tasks facing the country’s economy in the current geopolitical situation as a whole: import substitution, development of production, and therefore domestic freight transportation, reorientation of trade relations from the West to the East, building and developing new supply chains, digitalization of transport and logistics services, and establishing seamless logistics. Conclusions. The competitive advantages of rail transport in providing transport and logistics services are the ability to organize mass transportation of significant volumes of goods over long distances, the ability to provide shippers with the required types of transport vehicles, and the comprehensiveness of the services provided, while investments are needed for the modernization of infrastructure, renewal of rolling stock/containers, and digitalization of logistics processes.

The article examines scientific approaches to the definition and systematization of tools for balanced development of enterprises, including railway transport. The necessity of improving the tools for ensuring balanced growth of JSC “Ukrainian Railways”, taking into account global trends in digital restructuring of their operating environment, is proved. Examples of successful international experience in implementing digital modernization projects of railway transport enterprises are studied. The concept of ensuring balanced development of JSC “Ukrainian Railways” is revealed, within the framework of which the strategic goal, goals and objectives of ensuring sustainable growth of industry enterprises are defined. The peculiarity of the concept is that the goals of balanced growth of railway transport enterprises are reflected, firstly, in the context of the augmented real and virtual environment of their development in accordance with the economic, environmental and social motives for the growth of industry enterprises, and, secondly, in the areas of ensuring balanced growth of railway transport enterprises in the context of digital transformations in the industry. A system of scenarios for ensuring the balanced development of JSC “Ukrainian Railways” (inertial, fragmentary-adaptive, progressive-adaptive, coevolutionary-digital) is formed and tools for ensuring their sustainable growth are revealed depending on the degree of penetration of digital technologies into the industry and the desired level of balanced development of railway transport enterprises. Taking into account the expediency of ensuring an absolute balance of railway transport enterprises in order to form stable competitive positions in the market of transport and logistics services, it is indicated that it is advisable to use a coevolutionary digital scenario. Since the use of tools for this scenario of balanced development of railway transport enterprises will allow us to fully implement digital changes in the qualitative transformation of services, innovation and investment processes, and the formation of digital competencies of personnel of industry enterprises.

One of the most essential core services affecting logistic service providers has been documented as globalization expansion. The efficiency of moving products is determined by the transportation method. The advancement of techniques and organizational norms enhances freight movement, delivery speed, service quality, procedure prices, facility usage, and energy conservation. Transportation plays an important role in logistics management. In light of the current situation, a strong system requires an intelligible logistics border as well as appropriate transport implements and strategies to connect the fabrication procedures. The goal of this study is to identify the critical elements that influence the logistics and transportation sectors as a result of globalization processes in the global economy. In this articlewe intend to solve the problems of effective management of the market of transport and logistics services have been studied in a number of countries around the world, especially in countries where market relations are being formed.

The strategic scorecard represents a major element of an enterprise's management system, which contributes to improving the key areas of operation, as well as precisely defining operational goals, metrics and tasks within the strategical framework. Increasing competitiveness, as well as progressive globalisation of the Transport, Shipping and Logistics (TSL) services market, requires constant adaptation to change from managers. It is, therefore, appropriate to use the strategic scorecard as it can be applied for continuous monitoring of progress in the implementation of strategy and, if necessary, for enhancing actions and the measurement system. The authors analysed a transport company operating in the Podkarpackie Voivodship, with the implementation of the strategic scorecard. The purpose of this article was to create a strategic scorecard for the transport company in the context of streamlining transport processes, while simultaneously improving the quality of customer service, translating into maximising financial results.

Вступ. Натепер річкові інформаційні системи стали невіддільною частиною державної системи забезпечення безпеки судноплавства. Такі системи створю- ються на акваторіях морських портів і на підходах до них, а також на всій про- тяжності внутрішніх вод. Метою статті є аналіз стану й перспектив розвитку річкових інформаційних систем. Визначено сучасний стан і перспективи розвитку інфраструктури внутрішніх водних шляхів, що складаються з багатьох взаємо- пов’язаних факторів. Більшу частину чинників об’єднує необхідність підвищення безпеки судноплавства, яка своєю чергою виділяє ряд напрямів розвитку, з-поміж яких підвищення ефективності використання інфраструктури внутрішніх вод- них шляхів і вдосконалення системи управління судноплавством у цілому. Резуль- тати. Визначено систему обробки інформації про навігаційну обстановку, що є основою ключової концепції програмного модуля системи річкової інформаційної системи. Сформована основа для створення програмної компоненти інформацій- ної системи судноводія. У результаті проведених досліджень виявлено значення застосування річкових інформаційних служб на українських річках для інтенсив- ного розвитку ринку транспортних і логістичних послуг як України в цілому, так і окремих її регіонів. У статті визначено актуальність використання цифро- вого коносамента, що дасть можливість у реаліях, які склалися, відповідно до чинних обмежень, спричинених заходами щодо запобігання поширенню гострої респіраторної хвороби COVID-19, спричиненої коронавірусом SARS-CoV-2, змен- шити контакт та убезпечити членів екіпажу й приймальної сторони. Ство- рена автоматична система та її застосування на внутрішніх водних шляхах України дозволить полегшити роботу судноводія, зменшити кількість помилок. Характеризуючи обладнання, ми пропонуємо принцип такої структуризації, яка полегшить роботу такої системи в автономному режимі. Тобто визначено концепцію сукупної структури річкової інформаційної системи, що дасть мож- ливість безпечного проходження суден на внутрішніх водних шляхах і дозволить знизити вплив людського фактора на виконання навігаційних операцій. Висновки. Застосування річкової інформаційної системи спрямоване на убезпечення навіга- ційних операцій і підвищення ефективності вантажоперевезень завдяки постій- ному інформаційному контролю положення судна, місцеперебування стаціонар- ного й рухомого об’єктів.

The main challenges and promising projects for the development of the logistics system of the New Silk Road are considered, including the structure of the Russian and world market of transport and logistics services, existing and prospective networks of transport and logistics centres at the polygon of the International Transport Range across the territory of the CIS countries. A technological model of the functioning of railway terminals in Russia is presented. The principles of modelling the interaction of international transport corridor counterparties are proposed, including the formalized model of the carrier's functioning, the model of the functioning of the logistics centre, as well as the model of their joint functioning.

Information systems for the interaction of technological and business processes of the carrier, taking into account the railway transport, are considered. Provides sustainable competitiveness of the company in the global market of transport and logistics services through the use of modern digital technologies. Unformed documents are given in the ACS DKR at the Karaganda-Sortirovochnaya station. Synergistic approach to the use of information technology in railway transport and improve automated workplaces for processing transportation documents are considered. Modern digital technology allows the company to reach a significantly different level both in terms of improving the efficiency of internal processes and from the client's point of view.

Data-Driven Machine Learning System for Optimization of Processes Supporting the Distribution of Goods and Services – a case study

The influence of trip conditions on the passenger functional condition is considered, it is offered to maintain vehicles on a route at crowd interior of 3 people/m2 that least tires the passenger, and due to the account of requirements of passengers the carrier obtains competitive advantages in the market of transport services.

The article analyzes the factors of aggravation of the station's competition and the priority tasks that need to be solved in a particular situation, since their ignorance leads to the loss of positions in the transport services market. The role of passenger transportation management and its improvement for the future is determined. Recent studies on assessing competitiveness and developing a competitive strategy for an enterprise, namely a passenger station, are analyzed. It is noted that managerial decisions should be based on the use of marketing information, which will allow to maintain a leading position in the market of transport services. These include limitation of the range of consumers of transport services (due to an increase in transportation tariffs and prices for services), limited opportunities to sell their services, limited resources and complications associated with geographical boundaries. It is noted that a transportation service is not just transportation, but a comprehensive transportation service, i.e., a process of consistent and well-coordinated operations carried out taking into account individual customer requirements. It is determined that railway transport is the main artery in the road transport complex of Ukraine. The article considers measures aimed at improving the quality and availability of passenger services at railway stations and in trains, where the management of the passenger service complex has been transferred to the national system "Express-UZ", which provides end-to-end automation of all processes of integrated passenger service. It is highlighted that for the development of the railway industry there is a need to introduce effective organizational structures that ensure the further development of railway transport and meet the specific requirements of the transport market. It is determined that in order to increase the competitiveness of the station, innovative commercial strategies should be developed that would better meet the demand of passengers and the capabilities of the modern economy, as well as measures to further improve safety, reduce noise, reduce energy consumption, avoid pollution and eliminate all adverse factors that hinder the development of railway transport.

This article addresses the active development of passenger rail transport in agglomerations using the Moscow agglomeration as an example. The authors outline the directions for the development of the transport services market and conclude the necessity of implementing innovative transport and logistics services. It identifies consumer segments for these services within agglomerations and presents a methodological approach to assessing the economic efficiency of suburban passenger transport services based on life cycle cost theory to promote sustainable development in smart cities. The authors emphasize the need to take into account the interests of consumers within the framework of the proposed methodological framework. The developed approach makes it possible to take into account the economic interests of the participants of the passenger transportation market in the railway segment as part of the railway infrastructure of the smart agglomeration.

The purpose of the research. The aim of the article is to develop a conceptual model of the mechanism of balancing supply and demand for freight transportation services by road and the justification of the influence of external and internal environment. Methodology. In the process of research, the following methods were used: theoretical and empirical research, analysis and synthesis of indicators; statistical and analytical data processing to identify trends in the types of economic activity that use road transport services for transportation. Results. The article proves that for most companies the gap between supply and demand is now a serious problem. Road transport companies are no exception, the supply of transport services by which exceeds the solvent demand aggravates intra-industry competition. It is determined that supply adapts to changing demand and makes it impossible to have a long-term deficit. At the same time, supply forms and stimulates demand for existing goods and services in the market. The definition of the mechanism of balancing the supply and demand for freight transportation services by road transport as a dynamic system containing the following elements: the process of collecting, processing and analyzing information about the demand and supply of freight transportation services, assessment of their balance and the directions and measures to stimulate demand and regulate the supply of freight transportation services has been justified. The factors influencing the development of demand for road transportation in Ukraine were determined. These are growth of production volumes, development of retail and wholesale trade, increase of real incomes of population, reduction of inflation level and consumer prices, corruption, condition and quality of transport infrastructure, safety level of road traffic and cargo transportation, investments in the industry, risks of economic activity, emergency situations, prices for fuels and lubricants. Submitted a quantitative characteristic of domestic enterprises in the international road transport market, as well as the total number of cars in the market of transport services. It highlights trends in the development of economic activities that use road transport services for transportation, including agriculture, forestry and fisheries; extractive industry; processing industry; construction; wholesale and retail trade. The author presents a conceptual model of the mechanism of balancing supply and demand for freight transportation services by road, which identifies the sources of information support for the mechanism operation and directions and measures of balancing supply and demand for freight transportation by road. Practical meaning. According to the results of the study indicated the need to organize the activities of business entities that provide freight transportation services by road transport, based on the concept of marketing. In particular, the choice of the most effective for the entrepreneur-carrier types of transportation and services; analysis of transportation needs in the transportation of goods and the ability of enterprises to meet them; development of rational technologies and systems of goods movement; planning the development of transportation and services. Prospects for further research. On the basis of the study identified the prospects for further development of both scientific and practical component of the organization of cargo transportation services by road, based on the concept of marketing.