Transport features of logistics

Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a technology of great importance in the current era of the international economy development, with essential impact on all the social systems. Logistics is a sector undergoing deep innovation-driven change in the latest decades. It was information and communication technologies (ICT) that greatly contributed in the growth of the logistics market. These ICT-specific innovations allow connected logistics services to generate big scopes of data and diverse information that can be stored and analyzed with high accuracy. On account of this, market analysts believe that IoT is capable to trigger radical change the way of supply chains, and predict the average nearly 30 per cent annual increase of the global logistics market after 2020. This raises the importance of analyses of various dimensions of IoT technology impact on the expansion of the transport and logistics services market. The definition of the notion “Internet of Things” is given, with emphasizing its significance for the modern economy. The IoT contributions in enhancing the market effectiveness of the transport and logistics services market are highlighted. Statistical data on the perspectives of IoT technology applications in transport and logistics services are analyzed, showing that transport logistics is an industry leader by IoT spending; essential advantages created by IoT in the transport and logistics services are highlighted. Cases of effective use of IoT at company level worldwide are given, to confirm that transport and logistics is one of the most promising sectors for implementation of IoT.

The use of modern information technologies in transport logistics makes it possible to reduce the cost of cargo delivery and optimize the time of their transportation. Reducing inventory to the most optimal level and delivering goods exactly at a certain time is very much in demand for a modern dynamic economy. One of the most important tasks of the logistics chain is to coordinate the actions of all its participants. This is facilitated by the standardization of documents necessary for the transportation of goods, the establishment of direct contractual relations between all participants in the logistics chain, as well as the possibility of a single order for all services provided by all participants in the logistics chain. Effective development of transport logistics requires a systematic approach to solving emerging practical problems. The formation of transport and logistics clusters and the creation of multimodal transport and logic centers contributes to the development of the transport and logic sector. The transport system shows its maximum efficiency not only in the presence of modern transport infrastructure, but it also requires the presence of free competition in the market of transport and logistics services. The state policy in the field of regulation of the market of transport and logistics services should be aimed at their rationalization and reduction of costs correlated with them.

Rationale: The Russian transport system is losing its competitive advantage due to the slow response to digital calls. Thus, for subjects of the market of transport and logistics services, it is relevant to have recommendations for adapting a business model when moving from an analogue economy to a digital one.
 Purpose: To develop a conceptual diagram of the digital transformation of the business model of the operator company.
 Methods: 
 
 сomparison of the principles of the five business areas of the operator before and after the transition to the digital economy;
 analysis of the behavior of companies in the transport market;
 summarizing the results of the study and assessing the possibility of their application to other organizations in this market segment;
 case method Development of measures for the effective development of multimodal transportation of the Asia-Pacific Region (INTERTRAN));
 an integrated approach is the search for new points (channels) of interaction with a dynamic network of customers through the implementation of industrial logistics projects.
 
 Results: 
 
 the status of five areas of the business strategy of the operator company was determined before and after the transition from the analogue era to the digital one;
 the conditions are formulated under which the implementation of the business process "sale of transport and logistics services" will provide the sales department of the operator company to develop "proactive sales";
 recommendations are proposed for adapting a value proposition for the provision of transport and logistics services.
 
 Conclusions: The novelty of the proposed conceptual scheme for adapting the business model of the operator company during the transition from the analogue economy to the digital one lies in the initial definition of the stage of digital transformation of each of the five areas of the operators business strategy, and then in the selection of a specific digital technology for implementation in a specific business-process.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы изучения запросов потребителей рынка транспортно - логистических услуг в условиях цифровизации экономики. Особое внимание уделено сегментированию клиентов для предоставления им оптимального пакета транспортно - логистических услуг из числа альтернативных на основе экономико - математических методов моделирования, а также организации обратной связи, с целью определения степени удовлетворенности предоставленных им услуг. Авторами разработаны оптимизационные задачи повышения качества транспортного сервиса. The article deals with the issues of studying the needs of consumers in the market of transport and logistics services in the context of digitalization of the economy. Particular attention is paid to customer segmentation to provide them with an optimal package of transport and logistics services from among alternative ones based on economic and mathematical modeling methods, as well as organizing feedback in order to determine the degree of satisfaction with the services provided to them. The authors have developed optimization tasks for improving the quality of transport service.


 
 
 
 
 
 This research aims to analyze the influence of service quality (X1) and trust (X2) on customer satisfaction (Y) at PT. Berkah Multi Cargo Logistics. The study adopts a descriptive quantitative approach, utilizing a total sampling method with 32 logistics service customers as respondents. Multiple linear regression analysis is employed to analyze the data. The results reveal a significant positive relationship between service quality (X1) and customer satisfaction (Y), as well as between trust (X2) and customer satisfaction (Y). Moreover, both service quality and trust demonstrate a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction. The coefficient of determination (R2) is calculated as 0.749, indicating that 74.9% of the variation in customer satisfaction can be explained by the combined influence of service quality and trust. This research employs survey methodology within a quantitative framework, employing both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The findings imply that enhancing service quality and fostering trust are pivotal in achieving customer satisfaction in the logistics services sector. These insights contribute to the body of knowledge in logistics management and offer practical implications for PT. Berkah Multi Cargo Logistics and similar industry professionals worldwide.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Highlight:
 
 Service quality and trust significantly influence customer satisfaction in logistics services at PT. Berkah Multi Cargo Logistics.
 Service quality has a positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction in logistics services.
 Trust plays a crucial role in enhancing customer satisfaction in logistics services at PT. Berkah Multi Cargo Logistics.
 
 Keyword:
 Service Quality, Trust, Customer Satisfaction, Logistics Services, Quantitative Research

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the current state and development trends of the national market for transport and logistics services in rail transport, represented by both the structural divisions of JSC “Russian Railways” and independent transport companies. Materials and Methods . Materials from open sources on the internet were used, along with methods of comparative analysis and statistics. Results. Based on statistical data, an analysis of the current state of the national market for transport and logistics services in rail transport has been conducted, identifying bottlenecks, the impact of external factors, and assessing the competitiveness of the industry. The main problematic issues and trends in the development of the national market for transport and logistics services in rail transport have been considered, as well as the tasks facing the country’s economy in the current geopolitical situation as a whole: import substitution, development of production, and therefore domestic freight transportation, reorientation of trade relations from the West to the East, building and developing new supply chains, digitalization of transport and logistics services, and establishing seamless logistics. Conclusions. The competitive advantages of rail transport in providing transport and logistics services are the ability to organize mass transportation of significant volumes of goods over long distances, the ability to provide shippers with the required types of transport vehicles, and the comprehensiveness of the services provided, while investments are needed for the modernization of infrastructure, renewal of rolling stock/containers, and digitalization of logistics processes.

The strategic scorecard represents a major element of an enterprise's management system, which contributes to improving the key areas of operation, as well as precisely defining operational goals, metrics and tasks within the strategical framework. Increasing competitiveness, as well as progressive globalisation of the Transport, Shipping and Logistics (TSL) services market, requires constant adaptation to change from managers. It is, therefore, appropriate to use the strategic scorecard as it can be applied for continuous monitoring of progress in the implementation of strategy and, if necessary, for enhancing actions and the measurement system. The authors analysed a transport company operating in the Podkarpackie Voivodship, with the implementation of the strategic scorecard. The purpose of this article was to create a strategic scorecard for the transport company in the context of streamlining transport processes, while simultaneously improving the quality of customer service, translating into maximising financial results.

The article examines scientific approaches to the definition and systematization of tools for balanced development of enterprises, including railway transport. The necessity of improving the tools for ensuring balanced growth of JSC “Ukrainian Railways”, taking into account global trends in digital restructuring of their operating environment, is proved. Examples of successful international experience in implementing digital modernization projects of railway transport enterprises are studied. The concept of ensuring balanced development of JSC “Ukrainian Railways” is revealed, within the framework of which the strategic goal, goals and objectives of ensuring sustainable growth of industry enterprises are defined. The peculiarity of the concept is that the goals of balanced growth of railway transport enterprises are reflected, firstly, in the context of the augmented real and virtual environment of their development in accordance with the economic, environmental and social motives for the growth of industry enterprises, and, secondly, in the areas of ensuring balanced growth of railway transport enterprises in the context of digital transformations in the industry. A system of scenarios for ensuring the balanced development of JSC “Ukrainian Railways” (inertial, fragmentary-adaptive, progressive-adaptive, coevolutionary-digital) is formed and tools for ensuring their sustainable growth are revealed depending on the degree of penetration of digital technologies into the industry and the desired level of balanced development of railway transport enterprises. Taking into account the expediency of ensuring an absolute balance of railway transport enterprises in order to form stable competitive positions in the market of transport and logistics services, it is indicated that it is advisable to use a coevolutionary digital scenario. Since the use of tools for this scenario of balanced development of railway transport enterprises will allow us to fully implement digital changes in the qualitative transformation of services, innovation and investment processes, and the formation of digital competencies of personnel of industry enterprises.

Вступ. Натепер річкові інформаційні системи стали невіддільною частиною державної системи забезпечення безпеки судноплавства. Такі системи створю- ються на акваторіях морських портів і на підходах до них, а також на всій про- тяжності внутрішніх вод. Метою статті є аналіз стану й перспектив розвитку річкових інформаційних систем. Визначено сучасний стан і перспективи розвитку інфраструктури внутрішніх водних шляхів, що складаються з багатьох взаємо- пов’язаних факторів. Більшу частину чинників об’єднує необхідність підвищення безпеки судноплавства, яка своєю чергою виділяє ряд напрямів розвитку, з-поміж яких підвищення ефективності використання інфраструктури внутрішніх вод- них шляхів і вдосконалення системи управління судноплавством у цілому. Резуль- тати. Визначено систему обробки інформації про навігаційну обстановку, що є основою ключової концепції програмного модуля системи річкової інформаційної системи. Сформована основа для створення програмної компоненти інформацій- ної системи судноводія. У результаті проведених досліджень виявлено значення застосування річкових інформаційних служб на українських річках для інтенсив- ного розвитку ринку транспортних і логістичних послуг як України в цілому, так і окремих її регіонів. У статті визначено актуальність використання цифро- вого коносамента, що дасть можливість у реаліях, які склалися, відповідно до чинних обмежень, спричинених заходами щодо запобігання поширенню гострої респіраторної хвороби COVID-19, спричиненої коронавірусом SARS-CoV-2, змен- шити контакт та убезпечити членів екіпажу й приймальної сторони. Ство- рена автоматична система та її застосування на внутрішніх водних шляхах України дозволить полегшити роботу судноводія, зменшити кількість помилок. Характеризуючи обладнання, ми пропонуємо принцип такої структуризації, яка полегшить роботу такої системи в автономному режимі. Тобто визначено концепцію сукупної структури річкової інформаційної системи, що дасть мож- ливість безпечного проходження суден на внутрішніх водних шляхах і дозволить знизити вплив людського фактора на виконання навігаційних операцій. Висновки. Застосування річкової інформаційної системи спрямоване на убезпечення навіга- ційних операцій і підвищення ефективності вантажоперевезень завдяки постій- ному інформаційному контролю положення судна, місцеперебування стаціонар- ного й рухомого об’єктів.

The main challenges and promising projects for the development of the logistics system of the New Silk Road are considered, including the structure of the Russian and world market of transport and logistics services, existing and prospective networks of transport and logistics centres at the polygon of the International Transport Range across the territory of the CIS countries. A technological model of the functioning of railway terminals in Russia is presented. The principles of modelling the interaction of international transport corridor counterparties are proposed, including the formalized model of the carrier's functioning, the model of the functioning of the logistics centre, as well as the model of their joint functioning.

Information systems for the interaction of technological and business processes of the carrier, taking into account the railway transport, are considered. Provides sustainable competitiveness of the company in the global market of transport and logistics services through the use of modern digital technologies. Unformed documents are given in the ACS DKR at the Karaganda-Sortirovochnaya station. Synergistic approach to the use of information technology in railway transport and improve automated workplaces for processing transportation documents are considered. Modern digital technology allows the company to reach a significantly different level both in terms of improving the efficiency of internal processes and from the client's point of view.

PurposeDeveloping an optimal strategy for maintaining quality customer relationships in the logistics industry is critical for achieving long-term benefits. This study aims to examine the relationship between logistics service quality (LSQ), customer satisfaction, trust, and behavioral loyalty in the context of Khon-Kaen Bus Terminal 3 in Thailand. The purpose is to understand how service quality influences customer trust and loyalty in the context of bus transport.Design/methodology/approachFace-to-face questionnaires were administered to 338 experienced bus transport users at Khon-Kaen Terminal 3. A quantitative approach was utilized, employing partial least squares structural equation modeling to analyze the relationships between logistics operations, after-sales service quality, customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty.FindingsThe results reveal that both logistics operations service quality and after-sales service quality positively impact customer satisfaction and trust. Trust, in turn, significantly influences customer loyalty, and it is enhanced when customers receive satisfactory services. The study demonstrates that customer loyalty is strengthened by building trust and providing a high-quality logistics service, confirming the significant relationship between LSQ and loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsWhile this study acknowledges the challenge posed by Khon-Kaen Terminal 3’s strong monopoly, it also recognizes that users may have limited alternatives. Consequently, the research highlights the difficulty in accurately measuring customer loyalty.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by examining LSQ in a Thai context, offering new perspectives on customer loyalty in the bus transport sector. It provides practical recommendations for improving customer relationships and gaining a competitive advantage in the logistics industry.

The article defines the role of marketing strategies for the development of logistics services in the international economic space. The study analyses the challenges faced by logistics companies in connection with globalisation and identifies the key aspects of international marketing that affect the success of logistics services management. The article discusses the need to adapt marketing strategies to different cultures and economic conditions inherent in different countries. The article analyses effective methods of promoting logistics services in international markets and examines important aspects of branding and communication to ensure success in logistics service management. The article examines current trends in the international marketing of logistics services and identifies strategies for adapting to changes in the global economic environment. The authors explore the role of effective logistics service management in creating competitive advantages in international markets, paying attention to supply chain optimisation and improving the quality of customer service. The article also discusses strategies for expanding the network of logistics services in different regions of the world, analyses the issues of choosing optimal transport routes and ensuring delivery reliability. The authors improve approaches to logistics risk management and cost-effectiveness on a global scale. In particular, the article discusses strategies for increasing competitiveness, using flexible pricing and developing customer service strategies to ensure sustainable success in the global logistics segment. The article proposes a structural and logical model for the formation of a marketing strategy for the development of logistics services in the global economic space, focusing on their development in the international economic space. The article studies challenges that companies face in logistics management and identifies key aspects of international marketing aimed at effective positioning of logistics services in the global market. The study provides practical recommendations for improving the efficiency of international marketing of logistics services and managing their development. Particular attention is paid to strategies for expanding the network of logistics services in different regions and developing efficient transportation methods without the use of digital tools. Additionally, the issues of logistics risk management and cost accounting in the global market are considered

Currently, logistics service providers experience a high increase in activity. It makes logistics service providers compete with each other in service quality. To be able to compete, logistics service providers need to measure customer perceptions on logistics service satisfaction. The results of measuring customer perceptions can be used to improve the quality of logistics services. This study attempted to measure customer perceptions of third-party logistics (3PL) service users by considering competitor performance factors. This study integrated the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method and the Competitive Zone of Tolerance based Importance Performance Analysis (CZIPA) method to measure customer perceptions and determine the priority attributes for improvement account competitors' performance factors. Based on the research, the CSI method was proven to measure customer perceptions of 3PL service users. CZIPA can determine the attributes that were prioritized for improvement based on the performance of competitors.

Introduction. The article examines the interpretation of the economic concept of «international logistics», investigates the feasibility of using marketing research on consumer behavior as an effective tool for diagnosing the functioning of international logistics, examines the main methods of logistics diagnostics, and substantiates the key dependencies between logistics indicators and the level of consumer satisfaction in the international environment. The purpose of the article.. Substantiation of the feasibility of using marketing research on consumer behavior as an effective tool for diagnosing the functioning of international logistics, research into the main methods of logistics diagnostics, as well as identifying key dependencies between logistics indicators and the level of consumer satisfaction in the international environment. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is standards, regulatory acts, theoretical provisions on the diagnostics of international logistics and consumer behavior research, scientific works of famous economists on the topic. The following methods were used to write the article: analysis of scientific literature, standards and regulatory documents to form the theoretical basis of the study; comparative analysis of international logistics services; expert evaluation method. Results. The study analyzed scientific works and regulatory acts on the economic content of the concepts of «international logistics» to identify the main methods of marketing research on the behavior of consumers of logistics services. It was studied that diagnostics of international logistics activities is an integral part of the strategic management of the enterprise. It allows to identify weaknesses, optimize processes and increase competitiveness in the international market. Regular monitoring and analysis of logistics processes will help enterprises adapt to changing conditions and market requirements. The key dependencies between logistics indicators and the level of consumer satisfaction in the international environment are substantiated, which help to identify problems and opportunities for improving the international logistics activities of the enterprise. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the existence of a close relationship between logistics indicators (in particular, delivery speed, reliability of logistics operations, level of service) and the level of consumer satisfaction. The use of modern marketing research methods allows you to quickly and accurately identify problem areas in the logistics chain and adjust strategies for interacting with customers in the international market. The integration of marketing analytics into the logistics management system helps to increase the competitiveness of companies, ensure a customer–oriented approach and improve the quality of logistics services. Promising areas for further research are: studying the impact of logistics digitalization (including Big Data, IoT, AI) on changing consumer expectations.