ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РІЧКОВИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ ЯК ЗАСІБ БЕЗПЕЧНОГО МАНЕВРУВАННЯ СУДЕН

Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a technology of great importance in the current era of the international economy development, with essential impact on all the social systems. Logistics is a sector undergoing deep innovation-driven change in the latest decades. It was information and communication technologies (ICT) that greatly contributed in the growth of the logistics market. These ICT-specific innovations allow connected logistics services to generate big scopes of data and diverse information that can be stored and analyzed with high accuracy. On account of this, market analysts believe that IoT is capable to trigger radical change the way of supply chains, and predict the average nearly 30 per cent annual increase of the global logistics market after 2020. This raises the importance of analyses of various dimensions of IoT technology impact on the expansion of the transport and logistics services market. The definition of the notion “Internet of Things” is given, with emphasizing its significance for the modern economy. The IoT contributions in enhancing the market effectiveness of the transport and logistics services market are highlighted. Statistical data on the perspectives of IoT technology applications in transport and logistics services are analyzed, showing that transport logistics is an industry leader by IoT spending; essential advantages created by IoT in the transport and logistics services are highlighted. Cases of effective use of IoT at company level worldwide are given, to confirm that transport and logistics is one of the most promising sectors for implementation of IoT.

The use of modern information technologies in transport logistics makes it possible to reduce the cost of cargo delivery and optimize the time of their transportation. Reducing inventory to the most optimal level and delivering goods exactly at a certain time is very much in demand for a modern dynamic economy. One of the most important tasks of the logistics chain is to coordinate the actions of all its participants. This is facilitated by the standardization of documents necessary for the transportation of goods, the establishment of direct contractual relations between all participants in the logistics chain, as well as the possibility of a single order for all services provided by all participants in the logistics chain. Effective development of transport logistics requires a systematic approach to solving emerging practical problems. The formation of transport and logistics clusters and the creation of multimodal transport and logic centers contributes to the development of the transport and logic sector. The transport system shows its maximum efficiency not only in the presence of modern transport infrastructure, but it also requires the presence of free competition in the market of transport and logistics services. The state policy in the field of regulation of the market of transport and logistics services should be aimed at their rationalization and reduction of costs correlated with them.

Rationale: The Russian transport system is losing its competitive advantage due to the slow response to digital calls. Thus, for subjects of the market of transport and logistics services, it is relevant to have recommendations for adapting a business model when moving from an analogue economy to a digital one.
 Purpose: To develop a conceptual diagram of the digital transformation of the business model of the operator company.
 Methods: 
 
 сomparison of the principles of the five business areas of the operator before and after the transition to the digital economy;
 analysis of the behavior of companies in the transport market;
 summarizing the results of the study and assessing the possibility of their application to other organizations in this market segment;
 case method Development of measures for the effective development of multimodal transportation of the Asia-Pacific Region (INTERTRAN));
 an integrated approach is the search for new points (channels) of interaction with a dynamic network of customers through the implementation of industrial logistics projects.
 
 Results: 
 
 the status of five areas of the business strategy of the operator company was determined before and after the transition from the analogue era to the digital one;
 the conditions are formulated under which the implementation of the business process "sale of transport and logistics services" will provide the sales department of the operator company to develop "proactive sales";
 recommendations are proposed for adapting a value proposition for the provision of transport and logistics services.
 
 Conclusions: The novelty of the proposed conceptual scheme for adapting the business model of the operator company during the transition from the analogue economy to the digital one lies in the initial definition of the stage of digital transformation of each of the five areas of the operators business strategy, and then in the selection of a specific digital technology for implementation in a specific business-process.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы изучения запросов потребителей рынка транспортно - логистических услуг в условиях цифровизации экономики. Особое внимание уделено сегментированию клиентов для предоставления им оптимального пакета транспортно - логистических услуг из числа альтернативных на основе экономико - математических методов моделирования, а также организации обратной связи, с целью определения степени удовлетворенности предоставленных им услуг. Авторами разработаны оптимизационные задачи повышения качества транспортного сервиса. The article deals with the issues of studying the needs of consumers in the market of transport and logistics services in the context of digitalization of the economy. Particular attention is paid to customer segmentation to provide them with an optimal package of transport and logistics services from among alternative ones based on economic and mathematical modeling methods, as well as organizing feedback in order to determine the degree of satisfaction with the services provided to them. The authors have developed optimization tasks for improving the quality of transport service.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the current state and development trends of the national market for transport and logistics services in rail transport, represented by both the structural divisions of JSC “Russian Railways” and independent transport companies. Materials and Methods . Materials from open sources on the internet were used, along with methods of comparative analysis and statistics. Results. Based on statistical data, an analysis of the current state of the national market for transport and logistics services in rail transport has been conducted, identifying bottlenecks, the impact of external factors, and assessing the competitiveness of the industry. The main problematic issues and trends in the development of the national market for transport and logistics services in rail transport have been considered, as well as the tasks facing the country’s economy in the current geopolitical situation as a whole: import substitution, development of production, and therefore domestic freight transportation, reorientation of trade relations from the West to the East, building and developing new supply chains, digitalization of transport and logistics services, and establishing seamless logistics. Conclusions. The competitive advantages of rail transport in providing transport and logistics services are the ability to organize mass transportation of significant volumes of goods over long distances, the ability to provide shippers with the required types of transport vehicles, and the comprehensiveness of the services provided, while investments are needed for the modernization of infrastructure, renewal of rolling stock/containers, and digitalization of logistics processes.

The article examines scientific approaches to the definition and systematization of tools for balanced development of enterprises, including railway transport. The necessity of improving the tools for ensuring balanced growth of JSC “Ukrainian Railways”, taking into account global trends in digital restructuring of their operating environment, is proved. Examples of successful international experience in implementing digital modernization projects of railway transport enterprises are studied. The concept of ensuring balanced development of JSC “Ukrainian Railways” is revealed, within the framework of which the strategic goal, goals and objectives of ensuring sustainable growth of industry enterprises are defined. The peculiarity of the concept is that the goals of balanced growth of railway transport enterprises are reflected, firstly, in the context of the augmented real and virtual environment of their development in accordance with the economic, environmental and social motives for the growth of industry enterprises, and, secondly, in the areas of ensuring balanced growth of railway transport enterprises in the context of digital transformations in the industry. A system of scenarios for ensuring the balanced development of JSC “Ukrainian Railways” (inertial, fragmentary-adaptive, progressive-adaptive, coevolutionary-digital) is formed and tools for ensuring their sustainable growth are revealed depending on the degree of penetration of digital technologies into the industry and the desired level of balanced development of railway transport enterprises. Taking into account the expediency of ensuring an absolute balance of railway transport enterprises in order to form stable competitive positions in the market of transport and logistics services, it is indicated that it is advisable to use a coevolutionary digital scenario. Since the use of tools for this scenario of balanced development of railway transport enterprises will allow us to fully implement digital changes in the qualitative transformation of services, innovation and investment processes, and the formation of digital competencies of personnel of industry enterprises.

One of the most essential core services affecting logistic service providers has been documented as globalization expansion. The efficiency of moving products is determined by the transportation method. The advancement of techniques and organizational norms enhances freight movement, delivery speed, service quality, procedure prices, facility usage, and energy conservation. Transportation plays an important role in logistics management. In light of the current situation, a strong system requires an intelligible logistics border as well as appropriate transport implements and strategies to connect the fabrication procedures. The goal of this study is to identify the critical elements that influence the logistics and transportation sectors as a result of globalization processes in the global economy. In this articlewe intend to solve the problems of effective management of the market of transport and logistics services have been studied in a number of countries around the world, especially in countries where market relations are being formed.

The main challenges and promising projects for the development of the logistics system of the New Silk Road are considered, including the structure of the Russian and world market of transport and logistics services, existing and prospective networks of transport and logistics centres at the polygon of the International Transport Range across the territory of the CIS countries. A technological model of the functioning of railway terminals in Russia is presented. The principles of modelling the interaction of international transport corridor counterparties are proposed, including the formalized model of the carrier's functioning, the model of the functioning of the logistics centre, as well as the model of their joint functioning.

Information systems for the interaction of technological and business processes of the carrier, taking into account the railway transport, are considered. Provides sustainable competitiveness of the company in the global market of transport and logistics services through the use of modern digital technologies. Unformed documents are given in the ACS DKR at the Karaganda-Sortirovochnaya station. Synergistic approach to the use of information technology in railway transport and improve automated workplaces for processing transportation documents are considered. Modern digital technology allows the company to reach a significantly different level both in terms of improving the efficiency of internal processes and from the client's point of view.

Along with the increase in import and export activities, logistics activities in Vietnam are on the rise. However, the number of logistics businesses in theMekong Delta region is still limited. Meanwhile, this area has great potential for growth in logistics services, especially in Tra Vinh Province. The main objective of this article is to assess the realities and propose solutions for developing logistics services in Tra Vinh Province. The research results show that logistics services in Tra Vinh Province are not really developed. Most logistics businesses in Tra Vinh are operating in the fields of road transport, inland waterways and transport support services. In order to promote the development of logistics services in Tra Vinh Province, the article proposes a number of solutions on specific mechanisms and policies for the logistics services, logistics human resources, logistics infrastructure, and competitiveness of enterprises.

The strategic scorecard represents a major element of an enterprise's management system, which contributes to improving the key areas of operation, as well as precisely defining operational goals, metrics and tasks within the strategical framework. Increasing competitiveness, as well as progressive globalisation of the Transport, Shipping and Logistics (TSL) services market, requires constant adaptation to change from managers. It is, therefore, appropriate to use the strategic scorecard as it can be applied for continuous monitoring of progress in the implementation of strategy and, if necessary, for enhancing actions and the measurement system. The authors analysed a transport company operating in the Podkarpackie Voivodship, with the implementation of the strategic scorecard. The purpose of this article was to create a strategic scorecard for the transport company in the context of streamlining transport processes, while simultaneously improving the quality of customer service, translating into maximising financial results.

Risk control is the focus of logistics company risk management. However, because the risk control is a very complex project, many logistics companies have not achieved the ideal effect of risk control. As a new type of logistics service, the third party logistice service plays an important role in China's logistics service market with the expansion of the demend for logistics service. On the basis of elaborating the current situation of Jingdong logistics company risk control, this paper focuses on identifying and analyzing the main risks faced by Jingdong logistics company, and then puts forward targeted measures to control the risks of Jingdong logistics company. It is hoped that this study can provide useful reference for the risk control of the third party logistics enterprises.

Data-Driven Machine Learning System for Optimization of Processes Supporting the Distribution of Goods and Services – a case study

The article presents a comprehensive study of the mechanisms for implementing international practices for regulating the logistics services market in Ukraine. The effective development of this sector is a strategic prerequisite for the country’s integration into global supply chains and for strengthening its competitiveness amid contemporary economic and geopolitical challenges. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the directions and mechanisms for implementing European practices for regulating the logistics services market in Ukraine, considering the institutional, infrastructural, and geoeconomic conditions of development. It is well established that the effective functioning of the logistics services market is ensured by a multilevel institutional architecture that encompasses state regulatory authorities, self-regulatory organizations, international agreements, technical and environmental standards, and digital tools for managing logistics processes. The article characterizes the key supranational instruments of the European Union in logistics, including the EU transport acquis, the TEN-T policy, the Transport White Paper, the Freight Transport Logistics Action Plan, and regulations on transport digitalization and decarbonization. It is revealed that the Ukrainian system of logistics services regulation partially complies with European approaches; however, it is characterized by structural imbalances, infrastructural constraints, insufficient digitalization, and institutional fragmentation, which complicate integration into the European logistics space. The analysis of the experiences of Germany, the Netherlands, and Poland identified effective models for implementing European practices in strategic infrastructure planning, multimodality, logistics cluster development, public–private partnerships, and innovation support. The directions for adapting European mechanisms for regulating the logistics services market in Ukraine are supported, in particular, by the introduction of national strategic logistics planning, integration into the TEN-T network, the development of multimodal logistics hubs, the full-scale digitalization of document flows, transport greening, and the strengthening of the role of sectoral associations. Implementing these approaches will enhance the competitiveness of the national logistics market, attract investment, and lay a sustainable foundation for Ukraine’s post-war economic recovery.

Development of a GIS-based Spill Management Information System