Содержание тематической группы «Питание» в лексике говоров верхнего течения реки Непрядвы

The aim of the study is to describe the dialect names belonging to the thematic group “Premises and outbuildings adjacent to the residential part of the house”, namely: “The premises above the izba (a conventional Russian farmstead)”, “The premises under the izba with an entrance from the izba; premises with an entrance from the street”, with the involvement of historical, explanatory and dialect dictionaries (based on the dialects of the Arkhangelsk region). The article clarifies the semantics of the nominations under consideration, notes the fixation of words in written records, and gives names that have several meanings, both within the same dialect and in different districts of the Arkhangelsk region. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the introduction into scientific circulation of a number of dialect names of premises and outbuildings adjacent to the residential part of the house, not noted in the works of dialectologists. At the same time, the need for a comprehensive analysis of the words included in the lexical group “Names of premises and outbuildings adjacent to the residential part of the house” is caused by their insufficient study in historical, lexicographic and linguo-geographic aspects. The analysed vocabulary is systematized by thematic groups. The local names of premises and outbuildings, as well as the meanings of lexemes typical of certain districts of the Arkhangelsk region, are indicated. The original language material recorded in the course of dialectological expeditions is given. As a result of the study, the analysis have shown that the vocabulary denoting premises and outbuildings in the Arkhangelsk dialects was in active reserve for many centuries, and was used in the Russian people’s speech. These words are still present in the speech of residents of the northern regions.

Statement of the problem. The study examines the anthroponyms that represent women in appearance, inferiority, speech and voice, character traits, temperament, culinary preferences, occupation, position, attitude to work, and their reflection in the dialectal picture of the world of the inhabitants of the small village of Vysoky Talovsky district of the Voronezh region In the process of work, the peculiar features and characteristics of the image of the fairer sex were determined, which are approved and disapproved in the village society. The appeal to the living folk speech, functioning in the mouths of the indigenous villagers, with the aim of studying with the subsequent preservation of linguistic materials, is relevant, since it contains modern information about a whole generation of people and their relationships in the team. Results. During the survey, 43 unofficial names were described, represented by 7 thematic groups. The most productive group has been identified - anthroponyms, data on a person's appearance, and the smallest - street naming for inferiority. It was revealed that 5 people have 2 nicknames, 1 woman is considered the owner of 4 nicknames, which she received for features of appearance and behavior. The names-metaphors, marking their carriers, have been established. They are represented by a multitude of emerging associations: with a dragonfly, a planet of the solar system, an installation for processing meat or fish, an ironing object, a river, a weapon, a bird, a poisonous plant, a supervisory institution, a rock band, etc. Functioning anthroponyms are expressed by nouns and adjectives, formed in two ways: suffix and base addition. With the help of the considered lexical units, an ideal female image with its inherent features is presented. The qualities of its antipode are demonstrated. Conclusion. The carried out research has determined the use in the folk language of the peculiar street names of women, which are part of the dialectal picture of the world of Vysochan. It is subject to certain conventional norms and rules, known only to local residents, developed by themselves for convenience in interpersonal communication. The reflection of the picture of the world through nicknames testifies to the rich vocabulary, imagination and fantasy of dialect carriers. It also reveals the state of the local dialect in our time - living, actively developing, original. The world of each and every one individually, naturalness and simplicity - such is the content of the picture of the world of a village man. The presented research supplements the few available works of Voronezh linguists-dialectologists and onomasts and contributes to the study of local anthroponymy.

This article presents the findings of the Lexical System of Pinega Dialects project implemented by a team of authors at the Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
 The study of Russian dialects remains a topical issue. New dialect dictionaries continue to appear, presenting the vocabularies of Russian dialects recorded in the past and present but not yet lexicographically described.
 Modern dialects are an important source of language history information. Furthermore, different dialects may reflect language evolution in different ways. This description of dialects of the Pinega area adds to our understanding of Linguistics and dialect studies in particular. These dialects are an intriguing research target due to their peripheral geographical location and language contacts with Finno-Ugric languages.
 The release of Pinega Dialect Dictionary will help clarify certain issues and aid compiling other similar dictionaries.

This study aims to unite the existing materials on the local Russian accents of the Amur Region in one dictionary. We considered the principles of the dictionary design, described the structure of the dictionary entry and analyzed the ways of interpreting dialectal lexical units giving priority to descriptive and equivalent ways. We processed the 60 total of 527 lexemes using classification, description, definition analysis and quantitative method. In the course of study, we performed thematic grouping, identified lexicalphonemic, lexicalgrammatical and accentological variants of dialect words. We also arranged the lexical units based on the number of the dialect variants in desending order and labeled the tokens that do not have variants. We identified three thematic groups and 41 lexical and semantic subgroups. As a result, the dictionary contains 359 entries and 168 variants of dialect lexical units. It was found that the group “Clothes” turned out the largest and most diverse thematic group. It was followed by the group “Shoes”, and the group “Headdress” turned out the least frequent. The dictionary we designed might be useful not only for language researchers but also for all those who love the Russian language and are interested in the Russian folk word.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the role of lexical units in advancing lexicography and understanding how languages evolve across different cultural contexts. The research highlights how lexical fields, dictionary theories, and cultural perceptions influence the categorization and interpretation of reality. Methodology: A qualitative literature review was conducted, drawing from studies in lexicography, sociolinguistics, and comparative linguistics. The analysis focused on three main areas: theoretical frameworks used in dictionaries, the organization of lexical fields, and cross-cultural perspectives on language categorization. Results: Findings indicate that lexical units are central to lexicography not only for dictionary compilation but also for documenting linguistic innovation. Researchers emphasize the importance of lexical fields such as household items, kinship terms, and technological vocabulary, which reveal both semantic shifts and cultural adaptation. Cross-cultural studies further demonstrate that the way nations classify and describe reality reflects deeper worldviews and societal values. Conclusion: Lexical studies strengthen the scientific basis of lexicography by connecting linguistic theory with cultural practices, ensuring that dictionaries remain relevant to contemporary users. Limitations: The study is limited to secondary sources, without primary data collection from fieldwork. Future research could incorporate corpus-based analysis or ethnographic approaches for richer insights. Contribution: This research contributes to lexicographic scholarship by underlining the necessity of analyzing lexical units as dynamic cultural markers. It provides a framework for linguists, lexicographers, and language learners to engage with vocabulary as both a linguistic and cultural phenomenon.

The subject of the study was the ways of transferring cultural and everyday realities from Russian into English when translating works of art. The relevance of the study is determined by the insufficient number of studies within the framework of this language pair as applied to the translation of a literary text and the need to study the dynamics in the approach to solving the translation task. In the course of the study, from two Russian-language works saturated with Russian cultural and everyday realities, examples were selected using the method of continuous sampling, further distributed by thematic groups within the framework of existing classifications. At the stage of comparing the selected units and their translation at the beginning of the 20th and 21st centuries, the ways of their translation into English were determined. A comparative analysis of the ways of translating realities showed that translators of Russian literary texts convey Russian cultural and everyday realities using the methods recommended for translating non-equivalent vocabulary. However, over the past century there has been a change in their hierarchy - the frequency of one or another method for translating realities both in general and within individual thematic groups. Thus, the leading positions are currently occupied by descriptive translation, a combined method of translation, approximate translation, generalization and tracing. Transcription and omission became less common. The smallest dynamics is observed when choosing the method of transferring the realities denoting food and drinks, measures and monetary units, and household items, while when translating the realities of other thematic groups in the 21st century, there was a change in the approach to transferring these units.

The city as a peculiar form of social organization is interesting for the representatives of many trends of scientific research: economists, sociologists, culturologists, historians, linguists. The subject of our interest is the functioning of the Ukrainian language in the cities of Bukovyna and Galicia at the end of the 19th century — the first half of the 20th century, in the urban environment of the Ukrainian diaspora settlement. Historical and socio-political conditions of the formation of the Ukrainian city koinй as one of the preconditions for the development of Ukrainian literature (particularly in the territory of Western Ukraine) — are still one of largely unexplored problems of Ukrainian linguistics — in both theoretical and practical aspects, which predetermines the relevance of the topic of our study. The aim of this article is the analysis of Ukrainian advertising texts at the end of the 19th century — the first half of the 20th century and identification of such lexical and syntagmatic units that can be classified as elements of the city koine. To perform linguistic analysis we have involved over 80 language units (words, nominative word combinations, word variants) used for the nomination of over 30 items of commodity circulation belonging to the following lexical-semantic groups: names of clothing, footwear and other details of the wardrobe; names of household items of urban dwellers (personal use items). For every word of the aforementioned lexical-semantic groups we have provided illustrating contexts, commentaries concerning the meaning, use, origin, their record in different kinds of dictionaries, sometimes giving information from Polish lexicography, Polish and German electronic corpora. We have analyzed the names of urban life items, documented in the Ukrainian advertisement at the end of the 19thcentury — the first half of the 20th century, that certify that the majority of such names are borrowings adapted on the Ukrainian language background: from German, Polish, French, Italian, Spanish, etc. Mainly Polish and German played an intermediary role in the assimilation of these words. We believe that lexical units and nominative word combinations recorded in the advertising texts of the 19th century — the first half of the 20thcentury, may serve as a basis for the register of lexicographic works of a specialized type, for instance, the Dictionary of Ukrainian Advertisement; the Dictionary of Western Ukrainian Variants of Literary Language of the 19th century — the first half of the 20th century, etc.

Background. In Ukrainian, the parenthetical modifier mabut’ ‘probably’ has more than 20 synonymous constructions and thus counts among lexical units with largests sets of synonyms. At the same time, in colloquial speech, mabut’ is often replaced by navjerno, which comes from Russian. Replacement of inherited lexicon with borrowings was related to the respective language policy and political situation.Сontribution to the research field. The paper discusses the reasons that contribute to the retention of foreign elements in modern colloquial speech in the case of competition mabut’/navjerno; such studies are important from the point of view of studying the interaction between the literary language and other varieties of the national language, as well as identifying the ingredients of surzhуk.Purpose. In this paper we are going to trace the use of lexeme mabut’ in the lexicographic, literary and spoken practice of the 19–21st centuries and to clarify the reasons behind the displacement of the inherited word by a foreign one in colloquial use.Methods. Using major lexicographic works of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, corpora, materials of the Atlas of the Ukrainian Language, dialect textbooks, etc., a comparative lexicographic synchronic-diachronic analysis of the meanings of lexeme mabut’ is carried out, the geography of distribution of mabut’ and its synonyms is traced.Results. The competition between mabut’ and naverno is analysed taking into consideration all the meanings of mabut’ witnessed in dictionaries of different periods, its synonyms and attestations in the Ukrainian dialects and standard-oriented written practice. The closest synonyms in the early 20th-century dictionaries are lybon’, pevne, des’, in the Soviet-era dictionaries, respectivеly, pevno and očevydno. In the dialects, the form mabut’ prevails in the southeastern dialects with numerous phonetic variants; in the southwestern dialects lexical synonyms abound. A dialect of the Masheve village of the Chernobyl districts exhibits semantically close synonyms mabut’, vidno, može, novjerno.Discussion. Discussion. Navjerno, an element of surzhyk, in many contexts is an absolute synonym of mabut’. The use of navjerno in the early 20th century texts as a stylistic means and its attestation in the Atlas of the Ukrainian language and modern dialects are arguments for an early borrowing into Ukrainian. A great variety of phonetic variants of mabut’ and limited functional sphere of the standard language precluded entrenchment of a single standard lexical unit in everyday speech. Recent texts show that the borrowing is being supplanted by the inherited Ukrainian mabut’.

The article studies lexical and phraseological units nominating holidays and ceremonies in Russian dialects, which are spoken on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia. The specificity of nominative processes associated with the naming of a fact that is significant from linguistic and cultural point of view, is determined. The research is carried out on the material taken from the Dictionary of Russian dialects on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia. It has been found that in Russian dialects, the names of religious holidays, which are dedicated to the most revered saints, or the holidays related to a certain time of the year, are actively used. The surviving holidays reproduce elements of the most ancient customs associated with the worship of human deities, the cult of vegetation, water and fire, which magical powers were attributed to. The names of rituals represent a special layer in the dialect corpus. The most illustrative represented are the funeral rite and the rite of baptism. All these rituals are of great importance in the life of the people, since they symbolize a change in the status of a person, his transition from one state to another. The nominations of different phases of wedding ceremony are noted to be most numerous, while funeral and baptizing rites are less representative. The study showed that the names of holidays and rituals in Russian folk dialects reflect cultural and historical traditions, beliefs, customs of representatives of a territorially closed society. They perform peculiar means of representing the ethnic and cultural consciousness of the people.

The article, based on a systematic approach, highlights the author's thematic groups of English-language terminological units of the specialized language of higher education in the United States. An attempt has been made to comprehend on the scholarly basis the correlation between the concepts of “thematic group” and “lexical-semantic group”. It is noted that the thematic classification of lexical units, which is the most common way of combining words, is bgrounded on the internal connections of objects and phenomena of reality, and is determined by the subject-logical features and common functional purpose of these units. Thematic groups of one or another branch terminological system can contain several nuclear lexical-semantic groups, and their units are characterized by a clear differentiation of features. It is emphasized that in interpreting the concept of thematic group, modern linguistics aims to determine the ways and features of semantic development (extralinguistic aspects) not of individual words, but of groups of lexems that have one semantic orientation. A thematic group is a group of words that includes words selected and combined on the basis of common subject-logical connections, and these words are the same parts of speech; or words from other parts of speech, needed to reveal a common theme. In the process of systematic study of English terminology of the U. S. higher education at the conceptual level, the terms are distributed by the author in a certain order – built subject-matter classification, which results in combining terms into thematic groups. Thematic classification involves a clear, logically sound organization of terminological vocabulary. The classification of the terminology of American higher education is based on determining its content, establishing the scope of semantics of each term, its concept that is combined with other terminological units in a single terminology system of the U. S. higher education.

The article is devoted to one of the topical problems of modern translation studies which is the peculiarities of translating culturally marked vocabulary into a foreign language. The relevance of this issue is determined by the growing interest in the features of intercultural communication. It is obvious that a translator’s inattentive attitude to conveying nationally specific concepts of the original can lead to the loss of national character and, as a result, to an incorrect understanding of the particular country’s culture by foreign readers. The purpose of the research described in the article is to identify nationally colored (Tatar and Russian) lexical units in the German translation of G. Yakhina’s novel “Zuleikha Opens Her Eyes”, their classification and systematization of the main ways of translating these words. As a result of the factual material analysis, such groups of linguistic and cultural realities as household items, clothing, food, mythological creatures, religious cult realities, etc. were identified It was established that the most frequent ways of transferring the novel’s realities into German are transcription or transliteration, descriptive translation, translation commentary and the use of approximate correspondences.

The article discusses the semantic and stylistic status of the English language words and word combinations nominating a representative of the Negroid race. The authors also searched for functional analogs of these designations in the modern Russian language. The research is based on the English-language and Russian-language explanatory dictionaries. The decision to study this semantic group is due to its direct relation to the first politically correct euphemisms. The relevance of the work is associated with researchers' increased interest in politically correct vocabulary and insufficient attention to the specifics of its use in scientific discourse. The authors attempt to provide a preliminary classification of lexical units with regard to the scientific discourse, considering their presence or absence in the selected explanatory dictionaries, as well as stylistic notes and comments. It is recommended to assign each studied designation to one of three categories in view of its supposed compatibility with the scientific discourse: 1) lexical units that can be used as common words and word combinations; 2) lexical units which need to be clarified or justified within the given work; 3) lexical units not recommended for such texts. Further research assumes a more detailed justification and possible refinement of the presented classification within a separate scientific paper.

The purpose of this article is to identify the national and cultural peculiarities of phraseological units with ornithonym components in English and Karakalpak language. The novelty of the study is that the authors have carried out work on systematizing phraseological units with zoonyms, namely designations birds, in two languages: English and Karakalpak; In addition, the research material was distributed across thematic groups, which made it possible to identify interesting patterns. Semantic analysis ornithophraseologisms showed, on the one hand, similarity, and on the other hand, differences in the use of ornithonyms in composition of phraseological units with similar meanings in different languages. KEY WORDS AND PHRASES: language; linguistics; linguo-culturology; phraseological unit; zoonym; ornithonym.

To find receptions of Plato‘s work within the ancient Greek literature, automatic methods would be a useful assistance. Unfortunately, such methods are often knowledge-based and thus restricted to extensively annotated texts, which are not available to a sufficient extent for ancient Greek. In this article, we describe an approach that is based on the distributional hypotheses instead, to overcome the problem of missing annotations. This approach uses word2vec and the related Word Mover‘s Distance to determine phrases with similar meaning. Despite its experimental state, the method produces some meaningful results as shown in three examples.

This article points out the use of celestial bodies in the teaching process of foreign language acquisition. Analysis includes lexicon and cultural information. The research is conducted on the textbook corpus, teaching materials, and exam and other papers of course participants at the Center for Serbian as a Foreign Language at the Faculty of Philology and Arts in Kragujevac. In order to gain insight into the degree of adoption and functional-stylistic aspects of the use of this lexicon, the corpus was completed with excerpts from the internal (informal) communication of teachers and course participants. The research conducted has shown, although the lexicon related to celestial bodies is not separated into a special thematic group and is usually not the focus of the lesson, textbooks for Serbian as a foreign language provide adequate guidelines for the teacher to explain the lexical and linguistic characteristics of the examined lexical units. By adapting teaching materials to a given group of students, the teacher expands the scope of content about celestial bodies, and the students acquire knowledge about traditional and contemporary Serbian culture (through phraseology, elements of popular and prestigious culture, etc.). By looking at the different types of production, it was determined that the participants had a good command of using these lexical units in daily communication, creative and creatively challenging forms of expression in the Serbian language. In the last part of this paper several task models are proposed which can be used in the teaching of Serbian as a foreign language to deal with this part of lexical units.