연소생성물이 거주자에 미치는 영향을 고려한 단독경보형감지기의 작동범위에 대한 연구

Estimating of radiation output of X-RAY tube using mathematical model: Case of high-frequency machines

The most important indicator of homeostasis is the acid-base balance (ABB), which for the last half century in clinical practice has been assessed based on the Boston or Copenhagen schools, or relying on the physicochemical interpretation proposed by P. Stewart, which changed the emphasis from direct pH readings to the generalized state of electrochemical equilibrium of the blood. Today, it is generally recognized that all three approaches to assessing the ABB have weaknesses, and they do not have convincing clinical advantages. Since it has been experimentally established that with metabolic acidosis, 57% of buffering is carried out intracellularly, it is more appropriate to consider the ABB not as a purely isolated blood indicator, but to assess it within the framework of energy metabolism (dissimilation), which is a consequence of oxidation-reduction reactions within the mitochondrial matrix, their intermembrane space and the cell cytoplasm, which can be solved by mathematical modeling. The use of tensor notation for mathematical model equations is not only the adoption of standardization rules, but a far-reaching ideology of the invariance of these equations (preservation during transformations of a certain group). The presented work shows that acid-base and oxidation-reduction homeostasis in mathematical model equations can be interpreted as “play” (variations within established boundaries during transformations of a certain type) for specially formulated tensor invariants.

In the frame of humanitarian antipersonnel mines detection, a multisensor fusion method using the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory is presented. The multisensor system consists of two sensors-a ground penetrating radar (GPR) and a metal detector (MD). For each sensor, a new features extraction method is presented. The method for the GPR is mainly based on wavelets and contours extraction. First simulations on a limited set of data show that an improvement in detection and false alarms rejection, for the GPR as a standalone sensor, could be obtained. The MD features extraction method is mainly based on contours extraction. All of these features are then fused with the GPR ones in some specific cases in order to determine a new feature. From these results, belief functions, as defined in the evidence theory, are then determined and combined thanks to the orthogonal sum. First results in terms of detection and false alarm rates are presented for a limited set of real data and a comparison is made between the two cases: with or without multisensor fusion.

Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-level, three-variable central composite rotatable design was applied to evaluate the effects of the parameters such as ratio of rice straw (Oryza sativa)/poplar (Populus deltoids) wood particle bonded with urea-formaldehyde resin in panels, species of wood veneer coating these panels and amount of adhesive in glue line on the modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding (IB), and thickness swelling (TS) of panels. Mathematical model equations were derived by computer simulation programming to optimize the properties of the particleboard. These equations that are second-order response functions representing MOR, IB, and TS were expressed as functions of three operating parameters of panel properties. Predicted values were found to be in a good agreement with experimental values (R 2 values of 0.96, 0.98 and 0.98 for MOR, IB, and TS, respectively). This study has shown that the RSM could efficiently be applied for modeling panel properties. It was found that the variables affected the properties of panels. Straw usage up to 30% in the mixture did not cause a significant decrease in MOR, IB, and TS. Using beech veneer and 190 g/m2 glue line had the highest MOR and lowest TS.

Circulating fluidized beds (CFB) have been widely applied to many areas of industry such as chemical processing, petroleum refining, catalytic cracker processing, power generation, and waste treatment.;Recently, a mathematical model of the CFCFB standpipe was successfully developed and tested using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) and an Hinfinity estimator algorithm. Using this standpipe mathematical model requires a solids circulation rate (SCR) to be a measurable variable offered from a spiral installed in the standpipe of the CFCFB. In this research, a linear state space system model is developed in order to estimate the solids circulation rate, using a least squares estimator and a subspace algorithm.;In this research, a sliding mode estimator is applied in order to estimate the states and the bed-height using a mathematical model with the estimated SCR from the pressure drop profiles. The sliding mode estimator uses the Lyapunov stability criteria to obtain a gain that drives the estimator dynamic to a defined sliding surface, which usually is the first or second order differential equation of the error dynamic defined as the difference between the mathematical model equation and the estimator dynamic.;Although an entire CFCFB dynamic system has not been built, extensive experimental data sets are available, so a neural network is a strong candidate in building the entire CFCFB system dynamic model. In this research, the neural network is used to obtain the entire system model of the CFCFB for simulation purposes. In the neural network, back-propagation algorithms are adapted and tansig functions are used for the neurons. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Mathematical model equations and their corresponding solution methods for membrane gas permeation and pervaporation were developed for direct use in process simulators, without the need for external, custom programming. The models are based on the solution-diffusion mechanisms for species permeation through nonporous membranes. Cross-flow and counter flow models using the logarithmic-mean trans-membrane partial pressure were used to simulate spiral wound and hollow fiber membrane configurations. The Chen approximation of the log-mean partial is recommended for avoiding divergence in the iterative solution methods required to solve the non-linear model equations. The models incorporate temperature, pressure, composition, mass flow, membrane area, and species permeance effects into the simulations. The models were designed for implementation in process simulators using intrinsic capabilities for calculating material and energy balances and predicting physical and thermodynamic properties. Examples are given using the process simulator HYSYS.

This study focuses on the attitude control of a quadrotor via discrete-time backstepping control. The general dynamical model of the quadrotor is presented and the mathematical model equations that are discretized using forward Euler approximation for system dynamics is evaluated. For the proposed controller for roll, pitch and yaw angle dynamics are individually obtained and local stability analysis is provided for the effectiveness and efficiency of the controller. Numerical solutions and simulations for the attitude control are illustrated and the outputs confirm the controller performance.

This effort presents the results of investigation of cathodic protection process of a section of the main pipeline, which has been operating in cathodic protection mode for a long time and which insulation has completely exfoliated from metal surface, and a cavity between is filled with water and salt impurities. In this case, a decisive factor is a fact that a metal surface is covered with microroughnesses in the form of protrusions with almost conical shape. The surface is immersed in electrolyte. At the electrolyte-metal interface, a potential difference is formed - a corrosion potential, which creates an unstable equilibrium among the potentials of metal and electrolyte. A mathematical model is designed and implemented into a numerical algorithm and computer program. A computational experiment has been carried out to calculate the potential around microroughness. The model describes a change in potential in this area at incomplete and complete cathodic protection of metal surface. The basis of computational model is a selection of one of metal protrusions of material microheterogeneity and placing it in a cylinder, which diameter coincides with that one of the lower base of this protrusion, and its upper part passes through the apex of the protrusion. Mathematical model equations with corresponding boundary conditions and their discrete implementation are presented. The solution of problems is obtained by iterative procedures based on reference values of protective potential taken from practice. The results of computational experiment are presented in the form of graphs: 1) potential distribution in the field of electrolytes; 2) changes in electrolyte potential at the border with protrusion at different values of polarization potential; 3) changes in polarization resistance in the area (calculated). The geometry of computational domain was also varied, and the values of protective potential were determined to ensure the absence of corrosion. Keywords: corrosion, microroughness, protective potential, plastic current density, electrolyte

6 - Modelling

This paper presents an optimization strategy to get the optimal cross-section of induction motor with maximum induced torque. This can be obtained by using mathematical model equations, which are of main machine design parameters. The optimization strategy has been applied to reach the optimal air gap flux density, optimal inner stator diameter, optimal number of poles, stator slots and rotor bars. The optimization strategy comprises several steps. These steps are repeated using different magnetic materials types in the core and teeth of both stator and rotor. Also, the effect of variation of machine stack length and number of phases on optimized values has been studied. The optimization calculation is performed using MATLAB software. This Study leads to minimize the production costs of induction machines for the same machine outer diameter.

This study aims to determine the optimal location for a biodiesel power plant in the municipality of Jazan based on selection criteria by estimating energy consumption and using spatial analysis within the framework of GIS and Structured Query Language (SQL). Additionally, the study will calculate how much electricity each town needs. After Vision 2030, the user can combine the information from remote sensing (RS) and GIS mapping with electricity demand estimation to determine an appropriate location and evaluate the power plant's efficiency. A range of sources, including the Jazan city base map, satellite images, aerial photographs, landuse map, and demographic data, were used to collect descriptive and geographic data as part of the paper's methodology. This data was first entered into the digital model using the ArcGIS 10.4 program, and it was subsequently categorized according to the model's accuracy. Additionally, the data underwent a number of procedures, including scanning printed maps, georeferencing, and on-screen digitizing, to complete the logical design of the digital model. Additionally, the model was spatially assessed in compliance with the requirements for selecting the optimal location for the biodiesel power plant. The criteria and analysis were arranged using Structured Query Language (SQL) and spatial analysis, which determined the best location for a biodiesel power plant station with the greatest ability to model population increase. Mathematical model equations were used to estimate population size, growth rate, and electrical demands (Brauer and Castillo-Chavez in Mathematical models in population biology and epidemiology: Texts in Applied Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, New York USA., 2012). With a total electricity production capacity of 250,167,600 Kilowatt-hour (KWh), the study and investigation efforts concluded that the optimal site for the biodiesel power plant would be in the Dammed municipality. This study is interesting since it is the first to use GIS to determine the ideal location for a power plant station and produce electricity from biodiesel in Jazan Municipalities, KSA.

The effect of patient movement between hospitals and long-term care facilities (LTCFs) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence levels is unknown. We investigated these effects to identify scenarios that may lead to increased prevalence in either facility type. We used a hybrid simulation model to simulate MRSA transmission among hospitals and LTCFs. Transmission within each facility was determined by mathematical model equations. The model predicted the long-term prevalence of each facility and was used to assess the effects of facility size, patient turnover, and decolonization. Analyses of various healthcare networks suggest that the effect of patients moving from a LTCF to a hospital is negligible unless the patients are consistently admitted to the same unit. In such cases, MRSA prevalence can increase significantly regardless of the endemic level. Hospitals can cause sustained increases in prevalence when transferring patients to LTCFs, where the population size is smaller and patient turnover is less frequent. For 1 particular scenario, the steady-state prevalence of a LTCF increased from 6.9% to 9.4% to 13.8% when the transmission rate of the hospital increased from a low to a high transmission rate. These results suggest that the relative facility size and the patient discharge rate are 2 key factors that can lead to sustained increases in MRSA prevalence. Consequently, small facilities or those with low turnover rates are especially susceptible to sustaining increased prevalence levels, and they become more so when receiving patients from larger, high-prevalence facilities. Decolonization is an infection-control strategy that can mitigate these effects.

A reformer performance model for fuel cell applications

Transcranial acoustoelectric brain imaging (tABI) is a potential brain activity imaging technique with high spatiotemporal resolution. Precise focus of transcranial ultrasound is critical for realizing millimeter-level spatial resolution in tABI. In this study, a precise focusing simulation platform is proposed by constructing a high-precision 3D skull model from Bama pig computed tomography data and a mathematical model equation by considering the skull’s heterogeneous properties. Then, the delay parameters derived from the simulation platform improve the precision of transcranial ultrasound focusing, enabling precise localization of brain activation sources with tABI. Phantom experimental results demonstrate that the transcranial ultrasound field is precisely focused at the target with a 0.20 mm deviation when delay parameters are obtained from the proposed simulation platform, whereas it exhibits divergence when using delay parameters derived from pure water or homogeneous skull models. Furthermore, using the proposed simulation platform, tABI can accurately identify intracranial electrical signals of distinct frequencies and precisely locate the corresponding activation sources with a spatial deviation of 0.50 mm. These results demonstrate that the proposed simulation platform is a powerful tool for the precise focusing of tABI.

Objetivo: Demonstrar a importância da atuação do enfermeiro na realização da notificação de eventos adversos, buscando a melhoria da qualidade assistencial e a segurança do paciente. Métodos: Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo revisão narrativa, com utilização de artigos científicos com lapso temporal de 2005 a 2019. Revisão bibliográfica: Foram abordados temas como a ocorrência de eventos adversos na assistência de enfermagem, a relevância da notificação desses eventos, condutas que visam à efetividade na segurança do paciente e à excelência no atendimento das instituições de saúde. Considerações finais: Observou-se que a atuação do enfermeiro é imprescindível no processo de trabalho, pois esse profissional se faz peça fundamental no auxílio ao diagnóstico de riscos e incidentes no cotidiano assistencial, além de gerenciar, planejar, organizar, executar ações, discutir periodicamente com sua equipe, elaborando e ministrando treinamentos com o objetivo de otimizar o atendimento ao paciente. O profissional de enfermagem é a principal fonte de cuidados para o alcance de assistência qualificada.