Перспективы транспортировки грузов в границах стран пространства 1520

Background. The article provides an overview of the current state of the railway container transportation market. Statistical data on the container transportation market is presented and analyzed. The article provides an overview of the work aimed at improving the organization of container transportation by rail. A generalized scheme of container delivery using rail transport is developed. The key objectives aimed at ensuring the reliability of container delivery are identified, and the main factors affecting the speed of container delivery are systematized. A mathematical expression of the delivery time of a container for the conditions of a direct option of transshipment from one mode of transport to another and taking into account the processing and storage of cargo at the terminal. Formulated the problem of optimizing the delivery scheme of containers in multimodal transportation in the conditions of the presence of several options of container terminals, their location. At the same time, according to the conditions of the formulated task, one processing of containers at the terminal is provided. A decision support system for changing the method of transportation of container products in multimodal transportation is proposed. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects of using the proposed system by transport and logistics companies. The purpose is to identify options for ensuring the flow and uninterrupted movement of container flows during multimodal transportation. Methodology. The article used an analysis of the current situation in the field of container transportation, mathematical modeling of container delivery time, optimization of the container delivery scheme based on the decision to overload the container at each terminal, and formulated a decision support system for delivery management. Results. The state of container transportation involving rail transport is determined, the analysis of studies in the field of container transportation using rail transport is performed, the directions of ensuring the reliability of container delivery are identified. A decision support system for multimodal container transportation is proposed. Practical implications. The results obtained can be used in the railway container transportation system, as well as by freight forwarding, operator, and transport and logistics companies.

Summary. The article highlights the topical issue of development of container multimodal transport, which are a priority in the development of transport services, their use will increase the volume of cargo delivered to the destination by the most efficient modes of transport (their combination). Container transportation of goods significantly reduces the cost of delivery of goods from producers to consumers. Container transportation has become the most economical without transhipment technology, and, above all, in the intercontinental multimodal land-sea service. The aim of the work is to study the practical aspects, substantiate practical recommendations for the logistics of multimodal container transportation of goods in global supply chains. Conduct at comparative analysis of the implementation of multimodal container traffic in different containers, namely 20 and 40 feet. The analysis and calculations of the data of container transportation processes for the conditions of two international transport corridors: TRACECA and trans-Caspian international transport route are carried out. The cost of transportation by sea, although their number is small relative to the total share of routes, significantly affects the total cost of transportation. In order to stimulate freight traffic on these routes, member states have set discounts of up to 10% of the cost of the ferry fare. Studies suggest that the use of multimodal container traffic is currently economically feasible. The conducted research of practical aspects and substantiation of practical recommendations on logistics of multimodal container transportation of goods in global supply chains suggests that the use of container transportation is a way of delivery today using multimodal options for delivery of goods. An in-depth comparative analysis of the implementation of multimodal container traffic in different containers, namely 20 and 40 feet, allows us to conclude that the use of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TMTM) with a 20-foot container is a more economically attractive option and can be recommended.

Dynamics of Russian dry ports

With the rapid development of China railway container transportation, container stations layout need adjustment and further promote the competitiveness the railway container transport market. In this paper, we proposed the optimization principle of processing station from the aspects of facilities and equipment level, regional location, multimodal transportation and development planning. A comprehensive evaluation index system and scoring rules of the railway container handling station were constructed, and the relevant indexes and weights were scored by Delphi method, and the optimized development plan of the railway bureau container handling station was proposed.KeywordsRailway container transportationRailway container stationABC analysis method

Topicality. The river potential of Ukraine has great prospects in the direction of connecting with Europe at the expense of increasing the transit capacity of the Danube and the Dnieper rivers taking into account the access to the Black Sea. River transport has a number of advantages over land, in particular: ready natural ways; use of water flow; the ability to transport any cargo and passengers simultaneously; safety and environmental friendliness; high bandwidth; high degree of reliability and timeliness of delivery; low cost of transportation, which leads to fuel economy, etc. It should be noted that to date, taking into account the uplift tariffs for transportation by rail and inconvenience of use of motor transport, organization of container service on the Dnieper is the most promising and in demand.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to determine the organizational and economic bases of river container transportation in Ukraine. In accordance with the stated aim, it is necessary to analyze the cargo base of river container transportation in Ukraine; to formulate priorities of development of river navigation of Ukraine; to substantiate the efficiency of using container technology of cargo transportation by inland waterways of Ukraine.Research results. The complex of measures for the development of container cargo transportation by inland waterways of Ukraine was proposed, the analysis of the market of river container transportations in Ukraine in comparison with the countries of the European Union and the USA was carried out, the main problems of development of inland water transport were identified and measures for their further development and operation of inland waterways of Ukraine taking into account the prospect of their integration into the European transport network.Conclusion. Ukraine has significant potential for organizing logistics schemes for cargo transportation involving river transport in several directions. The presence, albeit somewhat obsolete, a powerful infrastructure base, a convenient geographical location and the availability of traffic flows that can potentially be transported by inland waterways, creates the preconditions for the restoration and development of this transport area.

The article discusses the market for the air transportation of bulky and heavy cargo. The relevance of this study is derived from the growing global demand for transport aircraft due to the growth in the volume of projected cargo turnover. Thus, the subject of this study is the market for the air transportation of bulky and heavy cargo. The main research methods are a comparative analysis of the types of aircraft for the transportation of bulky and heavy cargo in addition to generalization and logical analysis methods. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of transport aircraft is also carried out, and the projected demand for these aircraft is estimated. The results of the study reveal that the Russian transport aircraft An-124-100, which has the largest useful cargo volume in combination with the ability to land on airfields with short runways, is currently dominating the market for the transportation of bulky and heavy cargo.

Containerization of transoceanic general cargo shipments was pioneered in 1966 when Sea-Land Service, Inc. initiated a containership service from the U.S. East Coast to Europe. Shipping of cargo in uniform-sized sealed containers of truck-trailer size revolutionized the marine transportation industry during the 1970s. The intermodal container enables the shipper to pack his cargo in the container at his own premises and deliver the cargo to a port to be transferred to an ocean vessel and delivered overseas to the foreign consignee, without the contents of the cargo being handled at each stage of the journey. Initially, the container was moved to an ocean port by rail or truck, but recently this leg of the movement has been adapted to inland river movement via the container-on-barge.

The purpose of the article is to study the global trends in the development of maritime container transportation, which should be taken into account when reforming the transport industry in Ukraine. The role of containers in increasing the throughput of seaports and increasing the competitiveness of logistics services is noted. The main prerequisites that act as an incentive for containerization processes are determined. The level of modern development of global maritime container transportation has been studied. The dynamics of the main indicators in the world maritime container transportation market is analyzed and the influence of a number of factors is considered. It has been established that the increase in container traffic in multimodal transportation contributed to the growth in the throughput of seaports by 5–5.5% annually and, according to forecasts, should be. 978 million TEU by 2025. It is noted that the largest volume of sea container traffic (64%) is provided by the ports of Asian countries, which is explained by the location in this region of the world's largest ports (Shanghai, Singapore, Shenzhen and others). The attention is focused on the processes of mergers and acquisitions inherent in the maritime transportation market and which led to the consolidation of some shipping lines. It was noted that the world's leading container shipping operators (in terms of the number of vessels) are APM-Maersk (Denmark), Mediterranean Shg Co (Switzerland), CMA CGM Group (France). The prospects for further development of this market are indicated. It was noted that the profitability of container networks over the past five years has more than tripled and reached 3446 million dollars. The main trends that have developed in the global maritime container transportation market have been studied, and should become a guideline in shaping the ways for the development of the Ukrainian transport industry, aimed at the effective use of the transit potential of the state and increasing the competitiveness of this area.

The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine led to the destruction of critical infrastructure, the termination of port operations in Ukraine, the disruption of regional logistics, the rise in fuel prices, and the increase in ship and cargo insurance costs. It contributed to the restriction of trade in the Black Sea region. The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine hinders trade and changes logistics in and throughout the Black Sea region. As a result, the search for alternative trade routes for Ukrainian goods quickly increased the demands on land and sea transport infrastructure and services. The work aims to identify trends in developing the main segments of the Ukrainian sea freight transportation market in current business conditions. To solve the tasks, the following methods were used: comparative analysis and grouping - in the study of general trends of the Ukrainian sea freight transportation market; systemic structural analysis - when studying the state and determining the prospects of tanker, container, and dry cargo transportation in Ukraine. An analysis of the general trends of the Ukrainian sea freight transport market was carried out. In addition, the state and prospects of tanker, container, and dry cargo transportation in Ukraine have been studied in detail. The tanker transportation sector was the most affected. Tanker transportation in Ukraine was suspended. Shipping companies engaged in the transportation of containers have stopped work in Ukrainian seaports. At the same time, a slight increase in the volume of container transportation was observed in the ports of countries bordering Ukraine. The complete blockade of Ukrainian seaports and the destruction and damage of infrastructure facilities made it impossible for dry cargo ships to reach Ukrainian ports. With Ukrainian seaports blocked and port operations suspended, grain exports from Ukraine were limited to shipments through western borders, rail, and small ports. The issue was partially resolved only within the framework of signing documents regarding the implementation of the Initiative on the safe transportation of agricultural products from three Ukrainian ports. The article outlines the critical factors in developing the maritime cargo transportation market in Ukraine during the post-war period of economic development.

To provide effective analysis tools, an early warning system is proposed for China’s foreign trade container shipping market. Firstly, by analyzing volatility mechanism of foreign trade container shipping market, a set of monitoring indicators is presented, including container throughput, freight index CCFI and PMI new export orders index et al. The monthly samples of the indicators from 2005 to 2014 are collected. Secondly, the warning threshold and interval of each indicator are determined by the combination method of statistical analysis and expert scoring. According to the design principle of early warning signal system and the indicator state division method, the early warning signal system of China's foreign trade container shipping market is proposed. To monitor the long-term market wave trend, an early warning index model is further proposed by the method of synthetic index, in which the indicator weights are determined by the principal component analysis method. Finally, the comparison results between the system operating and the real market volatility further demonstrate the validity of the proposed system.

To deal with the uncertainty of container multi-modal transport, a container multi-modal transport route optimization model based on the reliability is proposed. To deal with the problem that network has multiplicity and that node has weights in multi-modal transport, the paper pre-processes the multi-modal transport network to three-dimensional graph based on the transport mode, and uses the improved Dijkstra algorithm to get the K-th shortest path set which take transport time and transport cost as the main target. On this basis, we find out the reliability of the common paths, and figure out the path which has higher reliability. The simulation experiments take sea routes of China to Australia as the main route, prove the model and method can improve the reliability of transport, to a certain extent, can also reduce the loss of the consignor.

Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, which includes natural language, intelligent processing, and professional methods. Since the birth of artificial intelligence, the technology and application fields have continued to grow, and the application fields have also continued to expand. This article aims to study the application of artificial intelligence technology in the management information system of container multimodal transportation and to provide convenient and efficient operation methods for container multimodal transportation. This paper proposes the C-means clustering method. Through the research and development of the terminal management system, it has achieved great success in automation, intelligent planning, and integrated management. At the same time, the EDI system is adopted, which mainly uses the combination of GPS and GIS information platform Internet network technology. Therefore, when evaluating the operation of the multimodal transport virtual container under the control of coproduction, the DEA method is used to operate the multimodal virtual container. The situation is analyzed and evaluated, and the multimodal transport virtual container is determined through investment. The experimental results of this article show that the artificial intelligence system achieves the most efficient multimodal transport management with the most efficient system model, combined with the leading container multimodal transport virtual enterprise, to provide the best way of the management process for the development of the multimodal transport management information system. The intact rate of container cargo during transportation is as high as 99.7%.

The article studies the main trends in the market of container transportation in rolling stock of various types, considers the process of transporting large-capacity containers in open wagons. The operational and economic aspects of removing administrative restrictions on the implementation of this type of transportation are noted. The dynamics of rental rates for rental of gondola cars and platforms in 2019-2020 is present. The summary characteristics of the gondola car fleet and fitting platforms on the Russian Railways network have been study. The analysis of the market share of the largest owners of gondola cars and fitting platforms was carry out. The advantages and disadvantages of using the technology of container transportation in open wagons are list. Solutions are propose to create a competitive environment in the container transportation segment of the transport services market.

[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT In the countries of the European Union and Russia, the owner of the railway infrastructure is the state, and the rolling stock is owned by private companies. With this model of organizing the railway industry, the main source of income for the owner of the public infrastructure is freight transportation. The main advantages of this model are the low level of monopoly power of the rolling stock owners and low probability of discrimination in access to infrastructure, and the disadvantages are low incentives for investing in infrastructure development. Consequently, the main problem for a monopolist is to attract cargo owners to transportation by rail. As it is known, the criterion of attractiveness of a particular mode of transport for a cargo owner is the cost of transportation (low tariff load), which is regulated on the Russian Railways by Price list 10-01 «Tariffs for transportation of goods and infrastructure services performed by Russian railways». Since reorganization of the tariff system in 2003, the car component of the railway freight tariff varies depending on the market conditions of the fleet of freight cars owned by the operator companies, and the infrastructure component is regulated by the infrastructure owner which is the the state. At the same time, the role of state antimonopoly regulation is of great importance, which directly affects the rail freight transportation market, and, as a consequence, the tariff. An alternative is the American model of railway organization (used in the US, Canada, some countries of South America), which has a high level of monopoly power of carriers, rolling stock operators and infrastructure owners, high probability of discrimination in access to infrastructure, high incentives to invest in infrastructure modernization. At the same time, several vertically integrated companies operate on the rail freight transportation market, and competition occurs both between private railway infrastructures and between carriers and rolling stock owners who can compete on each other’s infrastructure. State antimonopoly regulation is absent, which increases the importance of bilateral contracts between market participants. A consequence of this is the dependence of the tariff on rail freight transport exclusively on the market conjuncture. The article shows the sequence of evolution of the current Price list 10-01 «Tariffs for transportation of goods and infrastructure services performed by Russian railways» in market conditions. The foreign experience of state regulation of freight tariffs is considered at the example of two alternative models - American and European. The analysis of influence of demand and supply, formed on the domestic market by owners of cars, has been made. The structure of tariff classes and the principles of their formation are shown. One of the key features of the current system is the so-called «tariff corridor». The most significant problems are identified - cross-subsidization of lowyield cargo traffic and tariff construction by a cost principle in a state-regulated segment. Keywords: railway transport, Price list 10-01, freight transportation, tariffs, system principles.

The research of the scientific heritage of the Kyiv Law Society, which worked at the Kyiv University of St. Vladimir in the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries, is of current relevance within the framework of civil society development in Ukraine. The variety of its scientific directions speaks of the tireless desire of the members of the Society to improve the national legislation, to solve a number of legal problems and to promote the development of legal science in the Ukrainian lands. This article investigates the problems in the field of railway transport to have been actively discussed at the meetings of the Kyiv Law Society. The main steps in the creation of a unified railway legislation in the Russian Empire in the second half of the XX century, which was mandatory for all railways in the country, are outlined. The role of the Commission for the Study of Railways in Russia of E. T. Baranov, which was created to study the state of railways in the country, has been considered. It is shown that the Commission consisted of leading scientists and public figures of the country – A. F. Koni, S. Yu. Vitte, А.А. Vendrykh, М.М. Annienkov and others. It has been stated that the main purpose of the Commission's activity was to collect the necessary materials from foreign and domestic railway and judicial practice, which could be studied as much as possible with the participation of representatives of science, trade, military affairs and industry, with the purpose of creating the General Statute of Railways of the Russian Empire, which became the first codified source of law precisely in the railway business. It has been shown how the KLS took part in this process. The speeches of individual scientists such as O. F. Kistiakivskyi, D. I. Pikhno, M. Ye. Krainskyi, A. H. Dolzhanskyi, O. F. Kvachevskyi who spoke on the problems of railway jurisprudence, put forward their proposals, discussed the possibilities of appropriate changes in the development of the railway industry and held discussions at the meetings of the Society have been analyzed. In addition, the history on the creation of the General Statute of Railways, its content and significance for the railway business in the Russian Empire, which became the first step in the formation of a unified legal field on the entire network of national railways, have been revealed.