MULTIMODAL CONTAINER SCHEMES FREIGHT DELIVERY

To deal with the uncertainty of container multi-modal transport, a container multi-modal transport route optimization model based on the reliability is proposed. To deal with the problem that network has multiplicity and that node has weights in multi-modal transport, the paper pre-processes the multi-modal transport network to three-dimensional graph based on the transport mode, and uses the improved Dijkstra algorithm to get the K-th shortest path set which take transport time and transport cost as the main target. On this basis, we find out the reliability of the common paths, and figure out the path which has higher reliability. The simulation experiments take sea routes of China to Australia as the main route, prove the model and method can improve the reliability of transport, to a certain extent, can also reduce the loss of the consignor.

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the legal regulation of international mixed (multimodal) transportation of goods, passengers and luggage in a special period. In the conditions of war, the country's transport and logistics system plays the role of ensuring Ukraine's humanitarian, food, and energy security. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the problematic aspects of the legal regulation of international mixed (multimodal) transportation of goods, passengers and luggage, and to determine directions for improving the legislation in this area in the modern conditions of the development of transport corridors. Results. The author pays attention to the expansion of international multimodal transport corridors TEN-T on the territory of Ukraine and their influence on the intensification of international mixed transportation. It has been established that a successfully integrated transport system involves not only the combination and interaction of all participants in mixed transportation, but also the creation of a single legal and informational field, coordination of technical and operational characteristics of vehicles, infrastructure facilities, coordination and optimization of work schedules of various types of transport and all it is within different legal systems. Conclusions. The author concludes that due to the fact that international mixed transportation has become the only possible option for the delivery of cargo, passengers and luggage both from Ukraine to the countries of other continents and to Ukraine, the issue of unification of international legal regulation of multimodal transportation and the introduction of digital transport corridors is becoming urgent more and more acute.

Background. The article provides an overview of the current state of the railway container transportation market. Statistical data on the container transportation market is presented and analyzed. The article provides an overview of the work aimed at improving the organization of container transportation by rail. A generalized scheme of container delivery using rail transport is developed. The key objectives aimed at ensuring the reliability of container delivery are identified, and the main factors affecting the speed of container delivery are systematized. A mathematical expression of the delivery time of a container for the conditions of a direct option of transshipment from one mode of transport to another and taking into account the processing and storage of cargo at the terminal. Formulated the problem of optimizing the delivery scheme of containers in multimodal transportation in the conditions of the presence of several options of container terminals, their location. At the same time, according to the conditions of the formulated task, one processing of containers at the terminal is provided. A decision support system for changing the method of transportation of container products in multimodal transportation is proposed. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects of using the proposed system by transport and logistics companies. The purpose is to identify options for ensuring the flow and uninterrupted movement of container flows during multimodal transportation. Methodology. The article used an analysis of the current situation in the field of container transportation, mathematical modeling of container delivery time, optimization of the container delivery scheme based on the decision to overload the container at each terminal, and formulated a decision support system for delivery management. Results. The state of container transportation involving rail transport is determined, the analysis of studies in the field of container transportation using rail transport is performed, the directions of ensuring the reliability of container delivery are identified. A decision support system for multimodal container transportation is proposed. Practical implications. The results obtained can be used in the railway container transportation system, as well as by freight forwarding, operator, and transport and logistics companies.

Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, which includes natural language, intelligent processing, and professional methods. Since the birth of artificial intelligence, the technology and application fields have continued to grow, and the application fields have also continued to expand. This article aims to study the application of artificial intelligence technology in the management information system of container multimodal transportation and to provide convenient and efficient operation methods for container multimodal transportation. This paper proposes the C-means clustering method. Through the research and development of the terminal management system, it has achieved great success in automation, intelligent planning, and integrated management. At the same time, the EDI system is adopted, which mainly uses the combination of GPS and GIS information platform Internet network technology. Therefore, when evaluating the operation of the multimodal transport virtual container under the control of coproduction, the DEA method is used to operate the multimodal virtual container. The situation is analyzed and evaluated, and the multimodal transport virtual container is determined through investment. The experimental results of this article show that the artificial intelligence system achieves the most efficient multimodal transport management with the most efficient system model, combined with the leading container multimodal transport virtual enterprise, to provide the best way of the management process for the development of the multimodal transport management information system. The intact rate of container cargo during transportation is as high as 99.7%.

The basic characteristic of container multimodal transport mode is to transport container goods by various modes of transport, which mainly involves in-station transit of containers, container sending operation and cargo handling operation steps. In the new era, the technical means of Internet of Things in the practice field of container multimodal transport has been comprehensively innovated and optimized, which fully ensures that each concrete implementation process and link of container multimodal transport can achieve more obvious transportation cost saving benefits and innovates the operation mode of container multimodal transport business. Therefore, the mode innovation and transformation of container multimodal transport must rely on the integration and support of the Internet of Things technology.

The article discusses the political importance of transport corridors in terms of the development of integration projects in the post-Soviet space. The world is witnessing the formation of a single market and transport and communication infrastructure, which intensifies competition among regional and world leaders, both states and non-state actors, such as businesses, markets over the routes of transporting goods. In the medium and long term the value of the control over the transport routes will increase due to the dynamics of economic development in the Asia-Pacific region. Competition for the development of projects of international transport corridors (ITC) between the leading countries in the region will increase, because the ITC entail the formation of a common political space, the reduction of tariff and customs barriers, which provides easy access to the markets of countries linked by ITCs and creates the preconditions for economic integration. The growing political importance of ITC is reflected in the fact that global leaders such as China, the US, the EU, are trying to create their own versions of international land transport corridors connecting Europe and Asia. China is trying to promote their transport project "Economic Belt Silk Road" European countries develop cooperation on ITC TRACECA with other countries of Eurasia. US also embody their interests through the implementation of the project by the ITC in Afghanistan. Transport corridors in Russia are seen as a way to integrate it into the global transportation system and logistics space. To do this, Russia needs to develop Eurasian transport corridors through its territory. As a result of the implementation of transport projects Russia will be able to ensure the transit of goods from China to Europe, which has a positive impact on the economic development of the regions through which they pass. Development of international transportation through Russia will unite many of the players on the world stage: integration associations, state, transnational corporations, business entities, regional authorities.

Freight transport is constantly growing and the forecast is that this trend will continue in the future. The sustainable development of transport requires the development of activities, which yield higher economic and social results while at the same time reduce the negative impact on the environment. In the long term, the sustainable development of transport activities is complex and tied to enormous challenges, difficulties and barriers, related to the development of the technological environment, the social and economic development, the influence of political factors and regulations. One of the central perspectives for the development of the freight transport in Europe is the development of multimodal and intermodal transport. The present chapter reviews some essential issues about the conditions for interaction between the modes of freight transport and the main challenges this kind of transport faces. An overview has been made of the main characteristics of organization and technology in multimodal and intermodal transport, and the related to them commodal and synchro modal transport that have appeared in recent years, as well as the physical internet concept. The application and barriers for modern use of information and communication technologies in multimodal and intermodal transport has been reviewed. An overview of the development of multimodal and intermodal transport in Bulgaria in accordance with the development of international transport corridors that pass through the country is carried out. A mathematical model has been developed on the basis of multicriteria optimization with three criteria: direct costs, time and external costs. The transport scheme is presented as an oriented graph line with each point corresponding to a node and each road, connecting nodes i and j, to an oriented weighted rib (i, j) in the graph. Weight cij is directly connected to the three criteria set. We assume that on each rib transport can be carried out by three modes: waterway, road and rail. If there is no physical connection, the respective weight is assumed to be an infinitely large number. Pareto optimal solutions have been determined under conditions for integer variables and application of a weighting method. To verify the model, a specific task for providing multimodal transport has been solved with the help of Matlab R2017b software and the optimization functions built into the product have been found to be optimal under Pareto solutions, using heuristic approaches for solving a partially integer linear optimization problem.KeywordsMultimodal transportThree-criteria optimizationInternal costRoute and time optimizationFreight and passenger transportation

In the process of multimodal transport, the cost and time of transportation are particularly important. In order to avoid unreasonable container transportation and unnecessary waste of transportation capacity and transportation cost, we must effectively integrate the advantages of various transportation modes, select the most suitable transportation mode and the most reasonable transportation path, and take the minimum cost and time as the goal to ensure the smooth transportation of goods to the destination. Therefore, optimizing multimodal transport network has very important practical significance. This paper starts with the multimodal transport network under a single task, designs the solution method of the model combined with ant colony algorithm, and gives an example. Finally, the model and algorithm design are proved to be reasonable by using MATLAB solution algorithm.

The literature indicates that a 20% reduction in the weight of empty 40-foot shipping containers would result in $28 billion of fuel savings, along with a 3.6 exajoule reduction in the energy demand over containers’ 15-year lifetime. Decreasing the energy demand and thereby greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing lightweight shipping containers has been an unexplored strategy. In this regard, this study investigates the possibility of further reducing the weight of an empty container without compromising the structural integrity, strength, and function of a traditional steel container. This research finds that up to an 80% reduction in weight is possible by producing shipping containers with composite materials. This research presents the new design of a 40-foot container made of carbon fiber laminates. The tare weight of a traditional 40-foot shipping container is around 3750 kg. On the contrary, in this research, the weight of a composite design of the same container is calculated to be around 822 kg. Additional tests with various loads, such as lifting the container and stacking loads onto the composite container, are performed to explore the strength and buckling issues of the design presented in this study. The analyses reveal that the composite shipping container is a highly promising candidate for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, providing fuel savings and thus reducing the operational costs of transportation.

Aim. The presented study aims to develop a conceptual framework for the coordination and development of the competitive advantages of international transit between the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member states in an attempt to create a unified transport system within the SCO space.Tasks. The authors assess the prospects of the interconnection and innovative development of the transit transport systems (TTS) of the SCO member states to create a common network of railroads and motorways and a unified transport system within the SCO; analyze the directions and prospects of the digital transformation of the transportation process at interstate junctions; prove that the development of cargo transit by rail, primarily through the improvement of transit transport communication with Afghanistan, is an important prerequisite for ensuring integrated security within the SCO space.Methods. This study uses the methods of systems analysis, evolutionary-institutional theory, econometric modeling, and historical approach.Results. The prospects for TTS interconnection are rooted in the implementation of the Agreement between the SCO member states to create favorable conditions for international road transport. Another promising direction involves creating a common network of railroads to achieve the global goal of establishing a unified transport system within the SCO. Given the fact that the container market has been occupied by Chinese manufacturers, the authors believe that Russian companies can and should take up a significant part of the container platform market (including innovative) within the SCO. The coordination of international transit transport should also be aimed at reducing the empty mileage rates of containers and container platforms. One of the directions for reducing empty mileage includes the formation of a backhaul cargo base and development of logistics schemes. Multimodal (combined) transport requires a single transport document as well as development and implementation of electronic workflows for cargo transit along international transport corridors. To ensure the national security of the SCO member states, first of all, it is necessary to develop rail transport of goods and passengers, which is more subject to control than road transport. It is also necessary to enhance the application of stationary and mobile inspection and examination complexes for the customs and border control of cargo.Conclusions. Realization of the transit transport potential of the SCO member states and creation of a unified transport system within the Organization’s space requires the following conditions to be met: construction of high-end transport communications; expansion of the capacity of overland borders, development of port infrastructure; interconnection of infrastructure integration projects and transit transport systems; interoperability of the transportation process, construction of multimodal transport and logistics centers; digitization of the transportation process, implementation of transport technologies based on artificial intelligence; creation of multimodal digital international corridors; implementation of electronic workfl ws; traceability of cargo transit using electronic seals.

Multimodal transport can integrate the advantages of various types of transportation, improve the efficiency and quality of transportation, meet the requirements of personalized demand for commodity transportation. It is an inevitable trend for production enterprises to cope with the increasingly fierce global competition. Starting from the “The Belt And Road” strategy and the current situation of China’s multimodal transport, this paper analyzes the development of China’s multimodal transport under the “The Belt And Road” strategy. The development of international multimodal transport is analyzed. The countermeasure under“The Belt And Road” is put forward.

With international trade developing, international logistics is attached to more and more importance. Advanced way of international cargo transport gradually becomes to perfection, and multimodal transport especially predominates. But international cargo transport means high risk, uncertain requirements, information not be really shared, general insufficient or short collaboration among enterprises for lack of trust each other etc., and these factors restrict the development of multimodal transport. So this paper compares operation mode of multimodal transport with that of virtual enterprise, points out the feasibility that resolve multimodal transport problems by constructing virtual enterprise. Meanwhile, the paper indicates the problems existing in constructing virtual enterprise based multimodal transport and puts forward solutions. Toward this promotes the sound progress of international multimodal transport and the rationalization of international logistics.

Allocating collaborative costs in multimodal barge networks for freight bundling

The object of research is the processes of managing the functioning of international transport corridors and projects for the transportation of goods, taking into account the assessment of the quality of transport services. There is a problem of assessing the quality of the international transport process taking into account such factors as the time of delivery of goods, the speed of movement of vehicles across the customs border and the tariff, which are determined by customer requirements. All these factors depend on the logistical support of transportation projects.The following methods were used to solve the tasks set in the work: the method of analysis of expert evaluations for the selection of project evaluation criteria; mathematical apparatus of decision theory; methods of simulation model for the assessment of the integral indicator of quality to achieve the optimal solution.Regularities of providing conditions of continuous, safe and convenient movement of traffic flows as a basis for creation of effective system of management of processes in a network of automobile international transport corridors are defined and the methodology of definition of efficiency of their functioning is developed.A method of forming a management system for the functioning and development of the network of international road transport corridors based on socio-economic forecasting in the form of a hierarchical structure of elements and their relationships has been developed. This made it possible to develop a model for forecasting the required amount of resources for road works on the basis of a certain demand from users of international road transport corridors.The study is aimed at obtaining new knowledge about the regularities of improving the efficiency of road transport along the routes of European international transport corridors, which can be used as a basis for the theory of determining its positive impact on the development of the economies of countries through which international transport corridors pass. In the course of the research, the approbation of the developed technique on a choice of the optimum project of transportation at the project-oriented enterprises of motor transport is carried out.

The article presents the results of studies to determine the freight charge in the system of international freight transportation with the participation of the railways of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ukraine, Poland, as well as shipping through the Caspian Sea, Ukraine. The freight charge is determined when organizing container transportation. The calculations were performed both according to the methodology with a tariff fracture, and for the through-shoulder technique. The essence of the tariff fracture methodology is that when a freight train switches to the railway of a neighboring state, the transportation distance is reset. Carriage charges are calculated on the railway of a particular state from the border station to the next border station. Within the railway of the countries participating in international freight traffic, the freight charge is determined in national currency, then at the current rate it is converted into Swiss franc. It is known that the freight charge is determined on the basis of unit tariff rates and the corresponding differentiation scheme. There are three differentiation schemes in total. In all differentiation schemes, unit tariff rates depend on the distance of transportation. In these differentiation schemes, tariff rates decrease with increasing transportation distance. When using the through-shoulder technique, the tariff distance is determined from the departure station to the destination station, that is, according to the through-shoulder scheme. The freight charge is calculated in Swiss francs, which makes it possible to use the national currencies of the participating countries through the current exchange rate <i>ChF</i>. Since in this case the tariff distance according to the through-leverage scheme is greater than the tariff distances along the railways of the participating countries, the freight charge according to the through-leverage method will be less. This will reduce the freight charge for container transportation and offer railway customers more favorable conditions.