Операції з міжнародного туризму в Україні

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the legal regulation of probation in Ukraine. The authors set the goal, based on the analysis of the main domestic and international legal acts that regulate the issue, to group and outline the proposals of leading scientists and practitioners of Ukraine, to identify conflicts, gaps and other shortcomings of the current legislation of Ukraine that regulates the functioning of the probation institute, to conduct a comparative legal analysis, and provide scientifically based conclusions. The study of the legal regulation of such a multifaceted institution as probation is based on a significant number of normative legal acts of local and global importance. Such diversity gives rise to numerous legal conflicts and gaps, the identification and elimination of which requires systematization and in-depth analysis. Since after the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, the criminal and criminal-executive legislation underwent significant changes, and the activity of the probation service received new challenges, the previous studies on the concepts of their reform need to be clarified and systematized, which determines the relevance of the choice of the topic. The authors established that the legislation of Ukraine, which regulates the functioning of the probation institute in Ukraine, is relatively new and is at the stage of its formation, some of the provisions need to be updated and brought into line with the requirements of international regulatory and legal acts, in connection with which the authors proposed a number of changes In Ukraine, there are signs of insufficient financing of probation service activities, which directly affects the quality of specialists and the correctional work carried out by them. The probation service in Ukraine needs to strengthen its transparency, accountability and carry out specialized training of employees, hiring people who have an education in the field of social work. Among other things, it was established that there is a need to adapt the legislation of Ukraine to combat mass viral diseases, emergency events, and functioning in martial law.

The study is devoted to the analysis of the problems and peculiarities of the development of the tourism industry in Ukraine, in the context of the state of war and the unstable political situation, and to the outline of prospects for overcoming them and the sustainable development of the tourism market in the post-war period. The tourism industry is one of the most promising and economically balanced branches of the economy. It has been established that international tourism is a socio-economic, environmental protection tool of global influence, aimed at integrating the state's cultural and historical heritage, intellectual potential and recreational opportunities for health and recovery into the global space, while preserving national authenticity.Its dynamic development is the basis of the steady evolution of the national economy of states and the popularization of globalization processes on the international financial market. A feature of this industry is the use of all resources available to the state, including unprofitable or unprofitable objects.The paper analyzed the theoretical prerequisites for the formation and development of the market of international tourist services, taking into account the socio-economic crisis. An analysis of the current state of the tourist services market of Ukraine and Israel in 2020–2023 was also carried out. As a result of the analysis of the tourist services market of Ukraine, it was determined that tourism, after emerging from the global epidemiological crisis, began to actively recover and showed active annual growth in 2022 in Zakarpattia Oblast by 16%, Lviv Oblast by 46%, and Chernivtsi Oblast by 98%, that is, in the territories of relative safety and peace. It was determined that the tourist market of Ukraine, like other sectors of the economy, is in a state of stagnation in the dominant position of domestic territories, because the annexation of 25% of Ukrainian lands is a global problem for that part of the state, which, in the face of military aggression, is able to build up its own economic potential. Since the expenditure items of the budget during the war only grow, and the opportunity to increase the production and realization of tourist services only decreases. It has been established that the study of the principles, features and regularities of the functioning of international tourism during the socio-economic and military-demographic crisis is extremely numerous.

One of the most significant structural shifts in the economy is the rapidly growing importance of the servicing sphere. Gradually, it becomes increasingly important in the modern world economy and turns into the dominant sector of the national economy. The sphere of services is characterized by such features as high dynamism, higher profit rate, high speed of capital turnover, as well as shorter payback period of investments compared to many commodity sectors of production. There is also a constant growth of the role of international tourism, which has almost inexhaustive potential for development and is a promising direction of socio-economic development of countries. Tourism activity has a multiplier effect, stimulating the development of other industries. The article is aimed at analyzing the essence and main aspects of development of the tourist services market within the world market system. As a result of the research, the essence and significance of the world market of services is considered, its structure and specific features are defined. The essence and peculiarities of the tourist services market are examined. The essence, functions and classification of tourist services are considered. The main factors that either facilitate or impede the development of international tourism are identified. The directions of influence of international tourism on economic development are determined. Based on the analysis of factors that encourage foreign and domestic companies to provide tourist services, and specific signs of the tourist services market, it is concluded that tourist services clearly define the consumer market. On the basis of the carried out research the main aspects of the development of the tourist services market are defined.

DOI: 10.19251/ne/2017.25(9) The article deals with dynamics of the main indicators of Ukraine’s economic development during 2014-2016 and highlights the main reasons of such a condition. The author has identified the forecast trends for Ukraine in 2017, based on data of the IMF, the EBRD and the state government. The article stipulates that economic growth in Ukraine in 2017 will be completely dependent on investment and exports and will resolve long-standing structural problems, overcoming macroeconomic instability, because domestic demand will recover slowly. Special attention is given to investment and trade cooperation between Ukraine and Poland. The author analyzed the statistical data of export-import operations and investments between the countries. Keywords: economic development, main indicators, GDP, unemployment, inflation, export, import

Introduction. In the process of ensuring the effective functioning and sustainable economic growth of the sphere of educational services, the issue of creating an effective mechanism for their financial support becomes especially important. For the successful functioning of the sphere of educational services, it is necessary to provide it with sufficient financial resources. Today, the financial aspect is one of the most problematic issues of the educational services system in Ukraine. Thus, insufficient financial support of the educational sphere directly affects other dimensions of this system. Analysts, researchers, scholars, that is, all those who are interested in educational services, are trying to answer the question of who should finance education and in what proportions should come from different sources? After all, the financial security of education and the allocation of resources are key to the success of reforms and the transformation of educational services. Methods. The methodological basis of the article is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge and a systematic approach to the study of sources of financial support for educational services in Ukraine. The scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the researched issues are the theoretical basis of the study. In the process of research general and special methods were used, in particular: the analytical method was used in the review of literature sources; abstract and logical – in theoretical generalizations and conclusions. The use of a set of methods based on modern theoretical and methodological approaches, allowed us to ensure the conceptual unity of the study. Results. The article considers aspects of the formation of educational resources of Ukraine at the present stage. The dynamics of changes in educational services of Ukraine during the study period by sources of funding was analysed. It was proved that the main sources of financial support for educational services are funds allocated from the state and local budgets. Statistical data on the state and compliance with the financial support of educational services in Ukraine were presented. Discussion. We will continue our research in the direction of forming strategic vectors for the development of the educational space of Ukraine in the global environment. Keywords: financial support, sources of financial support, financial resources, education expenditures.

The unsatisfactory condition of the housing stock, high level of depreciation of engineering networks and equipment, inefficient management structure determine the need to modernize the sector and improve the quality of housing and communal services in Ukraine. Objective of the article is to conduct a study of the need to improve the quality of housing and communal services in Ukraine and to develop a methodological basis for the study of the quality of housing and communal services. Research Methods: application of the methodological approach to measuring the quality of housing and communal services in Ukraine using the analytical method. It was found that the housing stock and functioning communal infrastructure have significant physical and moral deterioration. Its presence has a negative impact on the quality of housing and communal services provided to the population for consumption. The most significant factors are identified and the degree of their impact on the development potential of the sphere of housing and communal services is determined. The necessity of accounting of the indicated factors at development of economical and mathematical models allowing institutional agents of housing and communal services sphere to take optimal decisions in conditions of uncertainty and stimulating them for improvement of quality of produced housing and communal services has been grounded.

Utilizing transaction-specific customer satisfaction theory within tourism marketing, this research investigates how tour services elicit international tourists' satisfaction and contribute to tourists' loyalty to a destination. The research was conducted using 356 international tourists visiting destination sites in Cape Coast who answered questions regarding tour services: accommodation, food services, tour guide performance, souvenir shopping, and community interaction. Structural equation modeling was used to test the six proposed hypotheses based on validated survey data from the tourists. The data revealed that community interactions, souvenir shopping, and accommodation had positive effects while food services and tour guide performance negatively influenced international tourist satisfaction. Additionally, tourist satisfaction had a positive effect on tourist loyalty. The results suggest that effective tour services encounter and tourist satisfaction can promote local city economies at destination via recommendations or revisitation of international tourists due to their memorable and unforgettable experiences. Again, the outcome of this research validates the usefulness of the transaction-specific customer satisfaction theory within city tourism literature and will help tourism officials, city managers, city developers, businesses, and tourism practitioners to have a better understanding of the studied core tour services within context.

The objective of the research is to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the system of legal enforcement of military service as a method of forming the armed forces and influencing democratic processes in society, as well as to formulate well-founded proposals and methods for solving the identified problems. Research methodology The research was conducted using the method of content analysis, which is used in the study of sources that are invariant to the structure and content of the object of scientific research. Content analysis combines nomothetic research methods with idiographic methods. The method of conceptual analysis should be developed within the framework of the above- mentioned analytical study, as it is used to identify existing comparative and theoretical concepts of ensuring the order of conscription. The analysis of the legal mechanism of ensuring the fulfilment of military service in the countries of the world, as well as the institutional mechanisms of ensuring the fulfilment of military service in Ukraine is carried out using the formal-logical method. The provisions of the legislation of Ukraine and other countries were analysed using the comparative legal method. The subject is the legislation of Ukraine and the legislation of foreign countries in the field of military conscription. Conclusions. The author of the mentioned study comes to the conclusion that an important element of the model of the legal enforcement of military duty - the subject, whose function is the duty to protect the state, to ensure its security, is the entire Ukrainian people; military service is not a function, but a constitutional duty of such a circle of subjects as citizens of Ukraine; this constitutional duty consists in 1) ensuring the defence of Ukraine; 2) protecting the sovereignty of Ukraine; 3) protecting the territorial integrity of Ukraine; 4) protecting the integrity of Ukraine; the fulfilment of this duty involves voluntary or conscript military service; military service is a form of fulfilment of the duty of a citizen of Ukraine; the special status of military personnel should be established in the legislation of Ukraine, as well as the procedure for completion of military service by citizens of Ukraine should be regulated.

This paper explores how the language policy of Ukraine is established in the retail and services sphere. The analysis focuses on the Ukrainian legislation which regulates the use of the official language and other languages in advertising, product information, and services. In the period of the Ukrainian state independence, the language use in the retail and servi-ces sphere is determined by Article 10 of the Constitution of Ukraine which lays down the basic principles for the operation of languages in Ukraine and the legislative documents which regu-late customer-provider relationships and contain requirements for goods and consumer services.The article states that information should be provided to the consumer in accordance with the lan-guage legislation requirements. The Law “On Languages in Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic” (1989) and especially the so-called “Kivalov – Kolesnichenko language law” did not guarantee Ukrainian citizens the right to receive information and to be served in the official language, i.e., in Ukrainian. The 2019 language law, Article 30, however, obliges all service providers to serve consumers and provide information about goods and services in Ukrainian. Keywords: sociolinguistics, language policy, retail and services sphere, Ukrainian language.

Purpose: the purpose of the article is to conduct an analysis of the peculiarities of the restriction of land rights of foreign natural persons, stateless persons and foreign legal entities under the legislation of Ukraine, as well as to formulate on this basis the definition of the specified term for the improvement of land legal terminology. Method. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material, as well as the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific knowledge were used during the research: analysis and synthesis, systemic-structural, comparative-legal, and historical-legal methods. Results. In the process of research, the meaning of the term "limitation of rights to land" of foreign individuals and legal entities in Ukraine was determined, which consists in the establishment of certain prohibitions that define the limits of possible behavior and lead to a narrowing of the scope of the land powers of the specified subjects in the process of acquiring and exercising rights by them ownership of land plots and land use rights, which complicates or makes impossible the acquisition or realization of their land rights. The term "restriction of rights to land" should be distinguished from the term "burdening rights to land" of foreign individuals and legal entities in Ukraine, which consists in imposing additional obligations on foreign entities in the process of exercising their rights to land, which complicates their realization land rights. Originality. In the process of the analysis, it was proven that restrictions on the land rights of foreign natural persons, stateless persons and foreign legal entities are established in the same scope and order as for citizens of Ukraine and legal entities of Ukraine. In addition, additional restrictions on land rights of foreign subjects may be established by provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine, other land laws for reasons of ensuring national security, preserving land as the main national wealth of Ukraine, ensuring priority access to land rights of citizens of Ukraine and legal entities of Ukraine. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the research field - for the further development of the problems of legislative regulation of restrictions on the rights to land of foreign natural persons, stateless persons and foreign legal entities under the legislation of Ukraine, as well as in the rule-making work - in the preparation of draft regulations , aimed at improving the legislative regulation of the legal status of foreign individuals, stateless persons and foreign legal entities as subjects of land relations.

The article dwells on generalization of object estimation of green tourism development in the system of its complex analysis. Objective assessment covers the economic, social and cultural aspects of the analysis and involves taking into account the impact of global and national trends in tourism development. The specifics and advantages of green tourism development as a sphere of employment, realization of business potential, use of resource and ethno-cultural features of territories are determined. The analysis of global trends of tourism development, which forms the general tendencies in the market of tourist services, is carried out. There is a significant increase in the number of international tourists in the world: if in 1950 their share in the total world population was 1.0%, then in 2017 it reached 17.5%. The state of the tourism industry in Ukraine from the point of view of possibilities of green tourism development is analyzed. The dynamics of tourism development at the national level shows that the growth of the number of arrivals of foreign tourists for the period of 2000-2017 was 2.2 times, with the peak values of the indicator observed in the “pre-crisis” 2008 and 2013, and for the number of tourists leaving Ukraine – 2.0 times with even stronger dynamics and slight contraction in the periods 2007-2008 and 2013-2014. The dynamics of inbound tourism clearly demonstrates the sensitivity of the industry in the international market before the crisis. In this regard, the potential development of specific types of tourism, as green, with a reference point for a foreign consumer, is possible under conditions of stable financial, economic and political situation. The paper shows that the declining dynamics of domestic tourists in the context of the prospects for the development of green tourism can be considered from two points: as a flaw - reducing the number of domestic tourists reduces the demand for tourism services and complicates the development of green tourism with the offer of a specific tourist product; as a challenge - with a decrease in the number of domestic tourists the market is at the stage of cyclical development, which allows, under the condition of stimulating green tourism, to occupy a significant niche in the formation of a national (regional) tourism product specialized in the relevant services. The regional peculiarities of tourism development in Ukraine with the prospect of regionalization of the industry regulation and targeted support of green tourism are revealed. According to official statistics, the leading regions for the main indicators of tourism development are Kyiv, Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kharkiv regions. The differentiation of the market for tourist services determines the need for regionalization of tourism development in Ukraine. Stimulating the development of green tourism should be based on regional and local specifics.

The article is devoted to the definition of the functional role and importance of PR technologies in the marketing activities of tourist companies. It is revealed that in the tourism industry PR acts as an important component of the marketing system of a tourist company, namely as a tool for marketing communications, along with advertising, personal sales, sales promotion. It is revealed that PR technologies in the tourism business are used to inform potential consumers, popularize tourist services, to position and improve the image of tourist companies and destinations. Distinctive features of public relations in the tourism industry are the wide reach of the target audience, the variety of applied forms, long-term focus. Selected marketing tools used to solve PR problems in the tourism business are: work with the media (newsletter mailing, press conferences, interviews, briefings, information tours for journalists, media monitoring), special events for the presentation of tourist company, its products and services (exhibitions, fairs, seminars); company image advertising; sponsoring various events; charity; trainings, training courses for tourist companies. It is noted that participation in specialized exhibitions and fairs deserves the greatest attention among PR activities in order to present the tourist company and its services, establishing and maintaining business contacts and are one of the important PR-methods of promotion of tourist product in the market of tourist services. Authors provide the description of the leading international tourist exhibitions as well as tourist exhibitions held in Ukraine. The advantages and disadvantages of participation of Ukrainian tourist companies in specialized exhibitions and fairs are reviewed. It is noted that the impact of exhibition activity in the tourism industry has increased due to its mass character, significant number of contacts, various professional activities. It is proposed that all communication means used at the exhibitions by individual tourist companies should be selected in such a way so as to fully reflect its competitive advantages. When assessing the effectiveness of PR technologies in the tourism industry it is necessary to consider them in the context of a particular tourist company, taking into account its target audience and applied PR tools.

Elaboration of marketing communication through visual media: An empirical analysis

The article analyzes the organization of international tourism and trends in its development in Ukraine and the world. It is established that international tourism is one of the most profitable businesses in the world. This sector has recently become increasingly important in the structure of national economies, and is developing every rapidly, in countries that prioritize the development of recreation and tourism, this service sector is growing much faster and is one of the most important fillers of the state treasury, but is still active growth and its potential is much greater than used under current conditions. The global features of international tourism are considered, which indicates the special role of the most powerful tourism countries in the world market of tourism services. The current state of functioning of the international tourism sector in Ukraine is analyzed. The analysis showed that the effectiveness of such activities is constrained by the unresolved number of problems, for the solution of which it is necessary to make appropriate changes and additions to current legislation; approval of national standards for all types of recreational and tourist services. It turns out that Ukraine has all the objective prerequisites to become one of the leading countries in the world with developed international tourism. It is proposed to classify the needs of consumers of tourism products in international tou-rism activities by the criteria of their causes: The peculiarities of the use of innovative services in the activities of tourism businesses are considered. The essence, content and indicators of competitiveness of international tourism are considered, insufficient development of this concept is revealed, in particular due to lack of understanding of the needs of consumers of tourism product, validity and normative and methodological basis of organizational and economic support of international tourism.Keywords: tourism product, tourist needs, motivation, pandemic, services market, service quality, innovation

Introduction. The service sector is constantly and dynamically developing, creating jobs. With the important structural element of the international tourism services market, travelers are able to change previous perceptions of threats and challenges on our planet and to offer possible conditions for crisis management. The purpose of the paper is to explore the problems and prospects of tourism development in Germany, the tourist attractions in the German city of Cottbus. Scientific papers, materials of periodicals, Internet resources are the methodological and informational basis of the work. Results. Germany is a country where you always want to discover new pages – its history, character and traditions of residents, the incredible contrast of rural nature and the active life of big cities. Five new federal lands play an important role in tourism. For many regions in the east of Germany, after the reunification, tourism has become a chance to get back on its feet in economic terms. Landscapes such as Spreewald, traditional Dresden or Weimar culture cities, or Baltic resorts such as Binz on Rügen attract tourists from Germany and abroad. Cottbus is a city in eastern Germany, located on the Spree River and three railway lines 100 km from Berlin. It is considered the cultural and political center of the Sorbian population in Lower Lusatia. Attractions for tourists will be interesting Castle Branitz with the adjacent park, which is located in the south of the city. The residence was built on the special order of Prince Herman von Puckler-Muscaw, who was one of the few key figures of the country in the XIX century. At the Zoo of Cottbus – Tierpark Cottbus you can look at a variety of animals that live in all corners of the world - tigers, deer, penguins, camels, tapirs, pelicans. Conclusion. In the development of international and domestic tourism, a set of reasons that contribute to the development of domestic tourism in Germany. Famous tourist attractions in the German city of Cottbus were explored, namely: the historic building – Casper Gewerbehof, the Branitz Castle, a cinema, the Museum of Art, the Zoo – Tierpark Cottbus.