14 - Office Automation

A number of concurrent technological and organizational developments in the office automation area offer an excellent opportunity to greatly improve information systems management. This paper will attempt to show how information systems control could be taken over by managers through office automation. The emphasis is first on showing how office automation can contribute in designing manageable and controllable information systems from offices. Next, some organizational implications are discussed including possible structural changes and roles of the involved actors. Finally, a research design approach is outlined. It provides a practical framework to tackle implementation issues taking into account some critical constraints generated by office automation systems, notably from an organizational and social perspective.KeywordsText ProcessingOffice StaffOffice EnvironmentWharton SchoolOffice FunctionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

OA (Office Automation) is a new type of office which combines the modern office and computer network. In recent years, with the development of cloud computing and smart phones, the cloud OA and mobile OA develops very well. This paper designs a cloud mobile OA system, the OA server is deployed in the cloud, the OA server not only handles the normal OA business processes, but also provides cloud service. We design an Adapter server and deploy it in the cloud, and the Adapter server will not affect the original OA process, only the OA client on the mobile device needs the Adapter server to access to the OA server. According to the user's settings in OA management client, the Adapter server can implement offline, synchronization, push notifications or other functions dynamically to solve the common problems of the traditional mobile OA. The system has the page adaptation function on the mobile device to increase the user's experience. The system streamlines the OA page by reducing some unwanted features to reduce the flow of data transmission. The system also has a high level security to provide a reliable guarantee for the safety of the user.

Efficiency and security is very important in office automation systems, this paper analyses how the role-based access control model (RBAC) works, and presents an effective authority control method based on RBAC model in Web applications. Practice shows that the Web application based on RABC model has excellent safety and stability. We have successfully developed a universal office automation management system based on RBAC model. The system has been successfully applied to several colleges in Jiangxi province. It has played an important role in improving administrative efficiency.

Assessing the organizational climate for OA implementation

Forms have been used in the design of at least three office automation systems (OfficeTalk, Odyssey, and OFS). Forms help ease the transition from a manual office system based on paper forms to a computer office system based on electronic forms. Forms also exhibit other advantages, not exploited presently, that make them very desirable for inclusion in office automation systems of the future. Potential capabilities of electronic forms are explored by focusing on three important aspects-fields, abstraction, and access rights. Electronic forms can have a large variety of fields; constraints and rules can be associated with these fields and automatically enforced. Moreover, forms are similar to abstract data types. Treating forms as abstract data types allows their being used as an abstraction tool and facilitates many kinds of automatic error checking. Finally, access rights can be associated with forms to ensure that forms are accessed and/or modified by appropriate users only. To illustrate the ideas presented, an exemplary form definition is presented and some implementation details discussed.

The purpose of this research is to study employee responses to a new office automation system over an extended period of time. Following the conceptual framework proposed by O'Connor, Parsons, Liden, and Herold (1990), constructs of interest were categorized as individual differences, implementation outcomes. The research occurred in a life insurance trade association over an 18-month period. Three waves of questionnaires focused on different parts of the conceptual framework. Support was found for the direct relationships between inputs, facilitators (or resistors), and outcomes. The role of facilitators/resistors as intervening variables received mixed support. These results and others are discussed in the context of a conceptual model and future research suggestions are made.

이 연구는 산업현장에서 직접 수집한 자료를 근거로 수행된 한국 선박관리업의 국제경쟁력 실태에 대한 분석이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 선박관리회사를 국제시장에 존재하는 다국적 선박관리회사와 비교하는 것이 보다 목적에 부합할 것이다. 그러나 국내 선박관리회사는 전반적으로 국제경쟁력 수준이 너무 낮아 다국적 선박관리회사와 비교하기에는 부적절하였다. 때문에 본 연구에서는 국적 외항선사의 선박관리부문을 국내 선박관리업의 비교주체이자 표본으로 선정, 비교하였다. 경쟁력분석은 크게 가격 경쟁력과 비가격 경쟁력으로 구분하여 실시하였다. 각격 경쟁력 요소로는 선원비, 입거수리비, 운항수리비, 선용품비, 기부속비, 윤활유비 및 관리수수료를 포함하였으며, 비가격 경쟁력 요소로는 선원 및 육상관리인의 자질, 관리조직의 효율성, 관리체계의 역량, 산업규격인증, 선박관리 노하우, 대선박 관리지원체계, 사무. 선박자동화 등으로 구성되었다. 분석결과 국적선사 선박관부문은 외국의 전문 선박관리회사들에 비해 전박적으로 국제경쟁력을 확보한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 한국의 선박관리 사업은 선박관리 경쟁력 수준을 지속적으로 재고하여 적극적으로 국제시장 진출은 시도할 필요성이 있다. This is a study for international competitiveness analysis if korea ship management service using the collected data from the fields in industry. making a comparison if ship management company between domestic ones in Korea and mutinational ones in international market is more suitable for it's purpose. but competitiveness level of korean ship management companies are too low to compare. Therefore in this study, ship management devision in Korea overseas shipping companies are selected as a target of camparision and the representative of Korea ship management industry. The analysis of competitiveness is divided by price competition and non-price competition. The former is consist of element likes as crew management cost, dry-docking cost, repair cos, stores & spares cost, lubricants cost and management free cost, The later os consist of element like as quality of sea & shore personnel, efficiency of company's organization, ability of management system. qualifications & certifications, know -hoe for the ship management, structure of control & support ship and office automation & IT system. According to this analysis the ship management division in korean shipping companied are superior to the foreign specialized ship management companies generally. So, it is necessary that korea ship management industry attempt level-up continously and expand into international ship management market positively.

Optical character recognition (OCR) is an important branch in the field of machine vision. It involves pattern recognition, image processing, digital signal processing, artificial intelligence and other disciplines. It is a comprehensive. It has important use value and theoretical significance in high-tech fields such as word information processing, office automation, machine translation and real-time monitoring system. In the 21st century, with the popularity of smart phones with high-definition cameras, OCR has a new pursuit in its development: more and more people pick up their mobile phones to photograph the things and scenes they see and obtain the text information in the pictures. Therefore, the recognition of characters in natural scenes has become a brand-new topic. In the past, text detection and text recognition algorithms were basically based on artificially designed features and traditional image processing methods. These features and algorithms were difficult to design and needed a lot of professional knowledge and experience support, so the accuracy was not high and they were not generalized. In recent years, with the rapid development of deep learning technology, breakthroughs have been made in the fields of computer vision such as image classification, object detection and semantic segmentation. Deep learning algorithm is a data-driven algorithm. The algorithm based on deep learning can automatically discover and learn the hidden feature rules in a large number of data through iterative training, without too much human intervention, so it has better generalization than traditional image processing related algorithms.

E-government allows governments to service citizens in a more timely, effective, and costefficient method. E-Government services focus on four main customers: citizens, the business community, government employees, and government agencies. E-government can provide four types of services, which are Government-to-Citizen (G2C), Government-toBusiness (G2B), Government-to-Employee (G2E), and Government-to-Government (G2G). E-government system has already been very popular all over the world, because Egovernment helps to disseminate information. Further, it aids in the collection of information that helps decision makers serve citizens more effectively. E-Government allows government agencies to centralize decision making. China have started first E-Government program in the late 1980s, in which the governments both at central and local levels built up office automation (OA) systems and established an intranet, subsequently the Central Government of China had formally launched five Golden Projects (Golden Bridge Project, Golden Customs Project, Golden Card Project, Golden Tax Project and Government online Project) aimed at building E-Government in China ever since 1990s. After realizing five Golden Projects, Chinese government has set ambitious visions in the implementation of E-Government: quicken the pace of change in government functions to suit the requirement of reform, opening up and modernization policies, improve the performance of government operation, introduce new government measures in a scientific manner and more effective mechanisms to monitor the economic activities, place a greater emphasis on central co-ordination and transparency of government work, carry out administrative functions in accordance with law and provide better service for the public. To meet above ambitious visions, the Central Government of China have programmed to establish four governance information resource databases in next five years, governance information resource databases consist of four databases: population basic information database, judicial entity basic information database, natural resource and geography basic information database, and macroscopically economy database. A data warehouse has been defined as a collection of data in support of management decisions which is: subject oriented, integrated, nonvolatile, time variant. Data warehouse, as a collection of database or data management technologies, emerged in the early 1990s. The data warehouse has now been more generally seen as a strategy to bring heterogeneous 19

This study focuses on Scene Text Recognition (STR), which plays a crucial role in various applications of artificial intelligence such as image retrieval, office automation, and intelligent transportation systems. Currently, pre-trained vision-language models have become the foundation for various downstream tasks. CLIP exhibits robustness in recognizing both regular (horizontal) and irregular (rotated, curved, blurred, or occluded) text in natural images. As research in scene text recognition requires substantial linguistic knowledge, we introduce the pre-trained vision-language model CLIP and the pre-trained language model Llama. Our approach builds upon CLIP's image and text encoders, featuring two encoder-decoder branches: one visual branch and one cross-modal branch. The visual branch provides initial predictions based on image features, while the cross-modal branch refines these predictions by addressing the differences between image features and textual semantics. We incorporate the large language model Llama2-7B in the cross-modal branch to assist in correcting erroneous predictions generated by the decoder. To fully leverage the potential of both branches, we employ a dual prediction and refinement decoding scheme during inference, resulting in improved accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that CLIP-Llama achieves state-of-the-art performance on 11 STR benchmark tests, showcasing its robust capabilities. We firmly believe that CLIP-Llama lays a solid and straightforward foundation for future research in scene text recognition based on vision-language models.

To be highly useful, office automation systems require customization to individual users, work environments, and tasks. We consider the question of whether office automation systems can be developed that allow users who are not skilled programmers to easily “program”, or customize, these tools themselves. In other words, can we deploy very general, non-customized programs that can be extended and adapted during usage? Besides the well-known knowledge acquisition and automated learning methods we propose an approach called dialog-based learning (DBL), that allows the user to teach the system directly while performing the task. It acquires knowledge through a dialog in which the user both illustrates the procedure using a grounded example, and provides instructions about how to perform the task in the general case. We focus discussion on CAP II (a program that schedules meetings by negotiation via email), and on RAP (a program that makes room reservation via email).

Office automation system can effectively improve office efficiency and enhance collaborative work capacity, reduce repetitive work and complexity of manual operation. This paper studies office automation system functions for the application of software development enterprise. Using use case model to describe the system requirements, using the module structure diagram to build the system function framework, the main functions of the system are described. Specific functions include: System management, Training management, Project management, Staff management, Office supplies management, Reimbursement management, Evaluation management, Conference management, Overtime management, Official document management, Books management, Vehicle management. The system successful application can improve the office conditions, and standardize the process, making software enterprise management more scientific and modern.

Structural Aspects of the Decentralized Expert Systems in Office Automation

Many companies are using only a portion of what is needed in terms of Information Technologies (IT) and this has caused the researcher to study how best MSD can effectively utilize Management Information Systems (MIS). The objective that directed the study was to investigate value addition by information systems to a service providing business with specific reference to the weather station in Zimbabwe (Meteorological Services Department). Knowing the value added by MIS to one’s business and working environment is key to cope with the ever increasing challenges such as the volume of information resources, nature and quality of information, user needs and expectations, information and communication technology competencies and infrastructure, inflated cost of information resources and staffing needs. The researcher studied how information systems add value to the daily business of Meteorological Services Department (MSD) in the following areas of the organisation processes: products, quality, management, problem solving and decision of the organisation. The study on value addition by management information systems will assist in the improvement of the MSD in Zimbabwe. The study used a multistage sampling process for drawing sample from the target population. Secondary and primary data collection methods were used for data collection purposes. The source for primary data was questionnaire. Five different types of Management Information Systems that add value to the MSD were identified; Management Information Systems, Office Automation Systems, Executive Support Systems, Expert Systems, Decision Support System and Transaction Processing System. From the findings it was concluded that management information systems add value by allowing valid decisions which provide accurate and up-to-date information and performing analytic functions. This study demonstrated the importance of information systems in an organisation and outlined the fundamental roles of Information Systems (IS) which are to support business processes and operation, support decision making by employees and managers and support strategies for competitive advantage.

The recent years have witnessed significant progress in the automation of human activity recognition in order to realize intelligent environments which are capable of detecting users actions and gestures so that the needed services can be provided automatically and instantly for maximizing the user comfort and safety as well as minimizing energy. If a person enters into the room and sits/stands/lies down then the fan or AC should be automatically turned on. If a person comes and walks away or keeps roaming around, then they should not be turned on thus saving energy.