A Detailed Extraction Procedure of Thyristor Design Parameters

This paper describes a new algorithm for simulation of power electronic systems. Piecewise-linear (PWL) approximation is used to model nonlinear components, including switching devices, nonlinear reactive components, and nonlinear control circuitry. A representation of PWL elements is constructed such that a constant system matrix is obtained, regardless of the states of PWL elements. An efficient method for state determination is proposed, which is capable of resolving difficulties caused by discontinuous characteristics of PWL elements. The resulting simulation algorithm is quite general, requires no prior knowledge of the circuit operation, is void of convergence problems, and yields relatively short simulation times on desktop PC machines. >

With the increasingly high level of system integration it is becoming necessary to model not only electronic behavior of systems, but also interfaces to real world applications and the detailed physical behavior of elements of the system in question. The emergence of standard languages such as VHDL-AMS has made it possible to now describe a variety of physical systems using a single design approach and simulate a complete system. Application areas where this is becoming increasingly important include mixed-signal electronics, electro-magnetic interfaces, integrated thermal modeling, electro-mechanical and mechanical systems (including MEMS), fluidics (including hydraulics and micro-fluidics), power electronics with digital control and sensors of various kinds. In this paper, we will show how the behavioral modeling of multiple energy domains is achieved using VHDL-AMS, demonstrating with the use of examples how the interactions between domains takes place, and provide an insight into design techniques for a variety of these disciplines. The basic framework is described, showing how standard packages can define a coherent basis for a wide range of models, and specific examples used to illustrate the practical details of such an approach. Examples such as integrated simulation of power electronics systems including electrical, magnetic and thermal effects, mixed-domain electronics and mechanical systems are presented to demonstrate the key concepts involved in multiple energy domain behavioral modeling.

Advanced control methods for power electronics systems

In the simulation of power electronics systems, for reasons of computing time and convergence, it may be necessary to use ideal components which generate ideal voltage switchings (steep edges). However, in reality, these voltage variations are far from ideal and to reproduce a voltage closer to reality, it is necessary to model these variations. This is especially important for the study of residual voltage obtained by simultaneous switching, which are present in PWM strategies developped to reduce the impact of the common-mode voltage generated by 3-phase inverters. This paper is focused on the required model accuracy, in order to take into account these residues obtained by the synchronization of switching voltages.

In this work we present a FPGA implementation of the Latency Insertion Method (LIM) to perform simulation of power electronics systems with high switching frequencies (e.g. SiC based power converter with ƒ sw = 100 − 200kHz). We describe how LIM is used to model a buck and a three phase AC/DC converter and how a FPGA solver based on this approach is implemented. Simulation test performed on a Virtex-7 are presented. All real-time simulations are performed with time steps of 40ns and smaller.

Electro-thermal simulation of power electronic systems

The literature review explores the evolution and advancements in the implementation of latency-based solvers for real-time simulation of power electronic systems using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).The journey begins with Dr. Johnson, who highlights the exceptional capability of FPGAs to outperform traditional general-purpose processors in floating-point throughput for power flow computations.[1] This foundational work sets the stage for subsequent research that delves deeper into the acceleration of various computational tasks using FPGA technology.As the field continues to mature, new methodologies and algorithms are developed to harness the full potential of FPGAs.These innovations aim to not only improve the performance of power electronic simulations, but also to enhance the flexibility and reconfigurability of the systems.Researchers are exploring novel approaches such as adaptive solvers, where the latency of the system dynamically adjusts based on the complexity of the simulation.[2] This adaptive nature allows for efficient resource allocation and utilization in real-time applications, leading to improved overall system performance.Furthermore, advancements in FPGA architecture and design techniques enable the integration of multiple solvers on a single chip, catering to the increasing demand for multi-domain simulations.This integration paves the way for seamless co-simulation of diverse power electronic systems, including converters, inverters, and motor drives.Additionally, the emergence of high-level synthesis tools simplifies the development process, making it more accessible to researchers and practitioners alike.[3] These tools enable the conversion of high-level hardware description languages into FPGA-specific designs, alleviating the need for manual low-level coding.Moreover, the availability of FPGA development boards and development kits provides a testing ground for prototype implementations, allowing researchers to evaluate their designs in a real-world scenario.[1] In conclusion, the literature review highlights the evolutionary journey of latency-based solvers for real-time power electronic simulations using FPGAs.From the initial groundbreaking work to the current state-of-the-art advancements, researchers have continuously pushed the boundaries to achieve higher performance and accuracy.With ongoing research and innovation, the field is poised for further growth and development, promising even more efficient and versatile solutions for real-time power electronic simulations.[4] [5] build on this foundation by addressing the parallelization of the sparse Matrix-Solve phase in SPICE applications.Their findings indicate that reduced-precision floating-point datapaths can significantly enhance performance, achieving speedups of 2-18 times over single-core microprocessor implementations.This article emphasizes the importance of exploiting parallelism and optimizing resource usage in FPGA designs.The authors present an FPGA-based framework that effectively tackles and addresses the inherent challenges associated with simulating intricate physical phenomena utilizing unstructured spatial discretization.This innovative and pioneering approach significantly enhances data locality and memory access patterns, thereby showcasing a remarkable and astonishing 90 times speedup as compared to high-performance microprocessors.[1] The demonstrated outcomes and results of this work serve to underscore and emphasize the critical significance of efficient and effective memory management when harnessing and leveraging the immense computational power offered by FPGAs.This research proves to be a groundbreaking and pivotal advancement in the field, with far-reaching implications and potential for further exploration and application in diverse areas of study.[6] Introduce FPGA-SPICE, which is a state-of-the-art simulation-based power estimation framework that perfectly integrates seamlessly with cutting-edge architecture exploration tools.

Analysis of new converter topologies, large converters, multi-converter systems, line commutated converters and electrical drive systems requires an appropriate global simulation tool. Because the dynamic model of AC machines is very complex due to the nonlinearities of the system, it is necessary to simulate the whole system containing an AC machine. A user friendly simulator must be able to handle complex systems as such electrical drives by dividing them in small interconnected sub-systems (converter-machine-regulator) assembled in a modular structure. The interconnection of these sub-systems must be done in a simple manner, without additional programming, using a graphic interface. The aim of this paper is to present a new interactive power electronic systems simulation package SIMUSEC "SIMUlation des Systemes Electrotechniques en Commutation", developed in the SIMULINK environment. This package permits simulation of power converters feeding passive loads or electrical machines either in open loop or in closed loop configurations. It also permits simulation of interaction between the converter-machine setups and between converters in a multiconverter system in order to study the conducted emissions. The built-in functions and tool boxes of SIMULINK facilitate the design and the analysis of high performance AC drive systems using this package.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Fast time-domain simulation of power electronic systems by using waveform-relaxation methods is presented. Algorithms for circuit partitioning, time windowing, and simulation scheduling are developed. Practical implementation of the partitioning algorithm based on modal analysis is also discussed. Feasibility and advantages of applying these methods to power electronic systems are demonstrated by simulation results for a series resonant converter and a boost zero-voltage-transition PWM converter.

An important topic in electronic systems design is electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), which concerns the unintentional generation, propagation and reception of electromagnetic energy. Every electronic system must meet mandatory EMC standards. Basic knowledge of EMC-related issues is introduced in Sect. 6.1. Unintentional coupling of circuits are dealt with in Sect. 6.2, and design options for their prevention, for example, by selecting appropriate reference grounds, are covered in Sect. 6.3. An important measure for assuring the EMC of systems is shielding. Section 6.4 introduces the principle of shielding, and discusses shielding against different types of fields. A related discipline to EMC, electrostatic discharge (ESD), is covered in Sect. 6.5. Finally, we provide recommendations for good EMC practice in electronic systems design in Sect. 6.6.

The desire to design systems right the first time and to produce designs that are readily manufacturable is a goal passionately pursued by all engineers. Designers of electronic systems are no exception to this rule; the number and sophistication of the computer-aided design tools used daily by chip designers confirm this. Recently, however, designers of larger electronic systems have also been turning to such tools in growing numbers. This article explores how a specific capability, simulation, has contributed to their success.

As the operating frequency of integrated circuit (IC) is rapidly increased, the importance of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance test in the design stage of IC development process is becoming more significant. The new EMC test method, IC-Stripline enables fast and accurate EMC test with smaller form factor and lower cost compared with transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell which is the most widely used for radiated electromagnetic interference test at the moment. This paper presents the equivalent lumped-element circuit model to capture capacitive and inductive coupling between open version of IC-Stripline and an IC package. Also, the equations to calculate the circuit components with geometrical structure of IC-Stripline are proposed. The S-parameter results from presented circuit models are compared against those obtained by 3D EM solver. The presented models are very accurate up to 3 GHz which is the upper limit of effective frequency range of IC-Stripline described in IEC standards [1], [2]. Therefore, the proposed IC-Stripline models can be effectively used to predict radiated emission and immunity of ICs using circuit level simulation tools.

Power supply is an important part of the design of any lighting devices with light emitting diodes (LEDs), which provides stable operation of LEDs and, at the same time, stable electrical and lighting parameters of the lighting device as a whole. The purpose of this work was to create a model of the power supply circuit for a luminaire with LEDs and analyse its operation. Modelling of the circuit was carried out in the calculation for an allowable load of no more than 70 W. This value was chosen according to its versatility and the greatest demand in the market of power supplies for lighting devices with LEDs. The simulated circuit of the power supply source, based on the power factor corrector for a light device with LED using the program “Micro-Cap”, is presented in the article. The analysis of the circuit operation in working and emergency modes is carried out. The simulation results are presented in the form of graphs of the time dependence of the main circuit parameters. The principle of controlling the current of the LED and the purpose of functional units of the circuit and outputs of the microcircuit (type MS33262) are described. The purpose of each structural element used in the circuit is specified. The modelled circuit has a power factor which is at least 0.98. The protection device PS triggers normally and the power factor corrector together with the appropriate electronic harness provides stable operation of the circuit for a light device with a 70 W LED.

SummaryBipolar junction transistors (BJTs) are widely used in various electronic systems, and the establishment of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) model for BJTs is crucial for EMC analysis of these systems, such as high‐frequency circuits. In this paper, a BJT EMC model that satisfies both functionality and EMC analysis requirements was established based on physical characteristic measurement. First, comprehensive and systematic methods for measurement and extracting SPICE parameters based on physical BJTs are presented, including a proposed curve‐fitting calculation method for extracting barrier capacitance parameters. Second, an analysis of the impact of major BJT electrical characteristics parameters was conducted, leading to the identification of important model parameters affecting BJT functionality and EMC. Finally, the primary BJT model was optimized using the simplex method, and a method for EMC analysis and verification of the BJT model was presented. The experimental and simulation results are in good agreement, and the established model meets the accuracy requirements for both EMC and functionality. Therefore, the proposed method is feasible and suitable for the EMC modeling of BJTs.

This paper illustrates a simple yet accurate method of modelling photovoltaic array. By adjusting the curve at three points: open circuit, maximum power, and short circuit, the parameter of the nonlinear equation can be determined. The information about these three major points is provided by all commercial array datasheets, using this data we can easily find the best I-V equation for the single-diode photovoltaic (PV) model. Adjusting the parameters of I–V equation, one can build a PV circuit model with any circuit simulator by using basic math blocks. The proposed circuit model and modeling method and are useful for power electronics designers who need a simple, fast, accurate, and easy-to-use modeling method for using in simulations of PV systems.