A time-based approach to automatic bug report assignment

This paper presents a multipronged approach to predict early risk of mental health issues from user-generated content in social media. Supervised learning and information retrieval methods are used to estimate the risk of depression for a user given the content of its posts in reddit. The approach presented here was evaluated on the CLEF eRisk 2017 pilot task. We describe the details of five systems submitted to the task, and compare their performance. The comparisons show that combining information retrieval and machine learning methods gives the best results.

Artificial intelligence has been applied in wildfire science and management since the 1990s, with early applications including neural networks and expert systems. Since then, the field has rapidly progressed congruently with the wide adoption of machine learning (ML) methods in the environmental sciences. Here, we present a scoping review of ML applications in wildfire science and management. Our overall objective is to improve awareness of ML methods among wildfire researchers and managers, as well as illustrate the diverse and challenging range of problems in wildfire science available to ML data scientists. To that end, we first present an overview of popular ML approaches used in wildfire science to date and then review the use of ML in wildfire science as broadly categorized into six problem domains, including (i) fuels characterization, fire detection, and mapping; (ii) fire weather and climate change; (iii) fire occurrence, susceptibility, and risk; (iv) fire behavior prediction; (v) fire effects; and (vi) fire management. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and limitations of various ML approaches relating to data size, computational requirements, generalizability, and interpretability, as well as identify opportunities for future advances in the science and management of wildfires within a data science context. In total, to the end of 2019, we identified 300 relevant publications in which the most frequently used ML methods across problem domains included random forests, MaxEnt, artificial neural networks, decision trees, support vector machines, and genetic algorithms. As such, there exists opportunities to apply more current ML methods — including deep learning and agent-based learning — in the wildfire sciences, especially in instances involving very large multivariate datasets. We must recognize, however, that despite the ability of ML models to learn on their own, expertise in wildfire science is necessary to ensure realistic modelling of fire processes across multiple scales, while the complexity of some ML methods such as deep learning requires a dedicated and sophisticated knowledge of their application. Finally, we stress that the wildfire research and management communities play an active role in providing relevant, high-quality, and freely available wildfire data for use by practitioners of ML methods.

A dose deposition matrix (DDM) prediction method using several voxel features and a machine learning (ML) approach is proposed for plan optimization in radiation therapy. Head and lung cases with the inhomogeneous medium are used as training and testing data. The prediction model is a cascade forward backprop neural network where the input is the features of the voxel, including 1) voxel to body surface distance along the beamlet axis, 2) voxel to beamlet axis distance, 3) voxel density, 4) heterogeneity corrected voxel to body surface distance, 5) heterogeneity corrected voxel to beamlet axis, and (6) the dose of voxel obtained from the pencil beam (PB) algorithm. The output is the predicted voxel dose corresponding to a beamlet. The predicted DDM was used for plan optimization (ML method) and compared with the dose of MC-based plan optimization (MC method) and the dose of pencil beam-based plan optimization (PB method). The mean absolute error (MAE) value was calculated for full volume relative to the dose of the MC method to evaluate the overall dose performance of the final plan. For patient with head tumor, the ML method achieves MAE value 0.49 × 10-4 and PB has MAE 1.86 × 10-4. For patient with lung tumor, the ML method has MAE 1.42 × 10-4 and PB has MAE 3.72 × 10-4. The maximum percentage difference in PTV dose coverage (D98) between ML and MC methods is no more than 1.2% for patient with head tumor, while the difference is larger than 10% using the PB method. For patient with lung tumor, the maximum percentage difference in PTV dose coverage (D98) between ML and MC methods is no more than 2.1%, while the difference is larger than 16% using the PB method. In this work, a reliable DDM prediction method is established for plan optimization by applying several voxel features and the ML approach. The results show that the ML method based on voxel features can obtain plans comparable to the MC method and is better than the PB method in achieving accurate dose to the patient, which is helpful for rapid plan optimization and accurate dose calculation. Establishment of a new machine learning method based on the relationship between the voxel and beamlet features for dose deposition matrix prediction in radiation therapy.

The task of extracting the used feature vector in mining tasks (classification, clustering …etc.) is considered the most important task for enhancing the text processing capabilities. This paper proposes a novel approach to be used in building the feature vector used in web text document classification process; adding semantics in the generated feature vector. This approach is based on utilizing the benefit of the hierarchal structure of the WordNet ontology, to eliminate meaningless words from the generated feature vector that has no semantic relation with any of WordNet lexical categories; this leads to the reduction of the feature vector size without losing information on the text, also enriching the feature vector by concatenating each word with its corresponding WordNet lexical category. For mining tasks, the Vector Space Model (VSM) is used to represent text documents and the Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF) is used as a term weighting technique. The proposed ontology based approach was evaluated against the Principal component analysis (PCA) approach, and against an ontology based reduction technique without the process of adding semantics to the generated feature vector using several experiments with five different classifiers (SVM, JRIP, J48, Naive-Bayes, and kNN). The experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the authors' proposed approach against other traditional approaches to achieve a better classification accuracy F-measure, precision, and recall.

Developing Theory Using Machine Learning Methods

How Magic a Bullet Is Machine Learning for Credit Analysis? An Exploration with FinTech Lending Data

Parameter importance assessment improves efficacy of machine learning methods for predicting snow avalanche sites in Leh-Manali Highway, India

P125. Development of a novel ensemble machine learning algorithm for prediction of complications and readmission after anterior cervical spinal fusion

Machine learning guided design of functional materials with targeted properties

Machine learning (ML) methods are attracting considerable attention among academics in the field of finance. However, it is commonly believed that ML has not transformed the asset management industry to the same extent as other sectors. This survey focuses on the ML methods and empirical results available in the literature that matter most for active portfolio management. ML has asset management applications for signal generation, portfolio construction, and trade execution, and promising findings have been reported. Reinforcement learning (RL), in particular, is expected to play a more significant role in the industry. Nevertheless, the performance of a sample of active exchange-traded funds (ETF) that use ML in their investments tends to be mixed. Overall, ML techniques show great promise for active portfolio management, but investors should be cautioned against their main potential pitfalls. 
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We propose an approach called Bug report assignment with topic modeling and heterogeneous network analysis (BAHA) to automatically assign bug reports to developers. Existing studies adopt social network analysis to characterize the collaboration of developers. The networks used in these studies are all homogenous. In real practice of bug resolution, different developers collaborate on different bug reports that makes the homogenous network unable to capture this information. We use heterogeneous network to describe the relations between reporters, bug reports and developers to characterize developers' collaboration. Experiments on Eclipse JDT project show that BAHA outperforms the state of art methods on automatic bug report assignment.

A large open source project consists of a wide range of bug reports. In open source project, bug reports are available and these reports can be modified by anyone. Bugs are software defects whose prediction is highly difficult. To detect the bugs, machine learning classifier has been proposed. It segregates the bug reports and developers and it learns the type of report suitable for each developer. Bug triage is the process of assigning the bug for the appropriate developer. The techniques include preprocessing, machine learning classifier, instance selection and feature selection. The aim of this paper is to attain a data set reduction in bug triage by including the representative values along with the statistical values of the bug data set. Our work considers the dataset from the open source project Eclipse. We focus on reducing the data scale and thereby improving the accuracy. This can be achieved by building a representative model for prediction of reduction orders by including the summary, metadata. Our proposed work attains an accuracy result of 96.5% that is better when compared with existing work.

This paper introduces a machine learning (ML) based approach for integrating Human Security (HS) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Originating in the 1990s, HS focuses on strategic, people-centric interventions for ensuring comprehensive welfare and resilience. It closely aligns with the SDGs, together forming the foundation for global sustainable development initiatives. Our methodology involves a structured analysis of the relationship between 44 HS reports and the SDGs using advanced text analytics and machine learning methods, each report was evaluated based on its thematic relevance to HS aspects and SDG goals and sub-targets using a keyword-based matching approach. The data retrieved from the HS-related reports was transformed into a numerical format using the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) method and classified through the Random Forest Classifier. Advanced models were utilized for exploration, namely BERT (Devlin et al. in Polit Sci, 2018) DistilBERT (Sanh et al. in ArXiv preprint arXiv: 1910.01108, 2019), and ELECTRA (Clark et al. in Polit Sci, 2020). This process contributed to the development of a web-based SDG mapping tool, specifically tailored for elaborating on the HS-SDG nexus. enabling the analysis of 13 new reports and their connections to the SDGs. This web application provides a streamlined interface for analyzing documents in PDF form and determining their relevance to the SDGs, allowing users to upload PDF files via an HTML form. Following expert consultation, our results outperform currently available similar online tools and assist in establishing strong links between the reports and global objectives, offering a nuanced understanding of the interplay between HS and sustainable development. This research provides a scalable framework to explore the relationship between HS and the global sustainability agenda, offering a practical, efficient resource for scholars and policymakers.

Online shopping has becoming increasingly popular. Customers remain engaged with shopping sites due to effective product recommendations. By analyzing users’ past actions and preferences, shopping platforms effectively identify customer interests and desires, enhancing their overall shopping experience. This paper presents a recommendation system that displays 5 items relevant to the product currently being viewed by the customer. The system processes images with an adapted ResNet-50, a deep learning image classification model in convolutional neural network (CNN) and use the acquired embedded vector to determine similarities with cosine functions. Additionally, the system employs term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) method for text analysis in product descriptions, generating word embedding that assists recommendations. This blend of visual and textual analysis ensures that the suggestions closely match the item’s category. The system achieves 94.72% accuracy in subcategories’ classification, a 4% increase compared to using the CNN method alone, confirming its effectiveness in recommending relevant items.

Background Safety issues for fluoroquinolones have been provided by regulatory agencies. This study was conducted to identify signals of fluoroquinolones reported in the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) using tree-based machine learning (ML) methods. Research design and methods All adverse events (AEs) associated with the target drugs reported in the KAERS from 2013 to 2017 were matched with drug label information. A dataset containing label-positive and -negative AEs was arbitrarily divided into training and test sets. Decision tree, random forest (RF), bagging, and gradient boosting machine (GBM) were fitted on the training set with hyperparameters tuned using five-fold cross-validation and applied to the test set. The ML method with the highest area under the curve (AUC) scores was selected as the final ML model. Results Bagging was selected as the final ML model for gemifloxacin (AUC score: 1) and levofloxacin (AUC: 0.9987). RF was selected in ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ofloxacin (AUC scores: 0.9859, 0.9974, and 0.9999 respectively). We found that the final ML methods detected additional signals that were not detected using the disproportionality analysis (DPA) methods. Conclusions The bagging-or-RF-based ML methods performed better than DPA and detected novel AE signals previously unidentified using the DPA methods.