A Visual Basic.NET based online inspecting system for portable DVD

Knowledge regarding the site of airway collapse could help in choosing an appropriate structure-specific or individualized treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We investigated if the audio signal recorded during hypopnoea (partial obstruction) events can predict the site-of-collapse of the upper airway. In this study, we designed an automatic classifier that predicts the predominant site of upper airway collapse for a patient as "lateral wall", "palate", "tongue-based" related collapse or "multi-level" site-of-collapse by processing of the audio signal. The probable site-of-collapse was determined by manual analysis of the shape of the airflow signal during hypopnoea, which has been reported to correlate with the site of collapse. Audio signal was recorded simultaneously with full-night polysomnography during sleep with a ceiling microphone. Various time and frequency features of the audio signal were extracted to classify the audio signal into lateral wall, palate and tongue-base related collapse. We introduced an unbiased process using nested leave-one patient-out cross-validation to choose the optimal features. The classification was carried out with a multi-class linear discriminant analysis classifier. Performance of the proposed model showed that our automatic system can achieve an overall accuracy of 65% for determining the predominant site-of-collapse for all site-of-collapse classes and an accuracy of 80% for classifying tongue/non-tongue related collapse. Our results indicate that the audio signal recorded during sleep can be helpful in identifying the site-of-collapse and therefore could potentially be used as a new tool for deciding appropriate treatment for OSA.

Automated image inspection system to quantify thermal spray splat morphology

A system of computer programs and hardware was developed by the Instrumentation Branch of the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) to provide data acquisition and control features for research projects at the site. The Automatic Data Acquisition and Control System (ADACS) has the capability of servicing up to eight individual projects simultaneously, providing data acquisition, data feedback, and process control where needed. Several novel software features - including a data table driven program, extensive feedback in real time, free format English commands, and high reliability - were incorporated to provide these functions.

Aiming at causing frequency traffic accidents by the drunken driving, the paper puts forward an automatic locked control system of vehicle drunken driving as a smart solution to prevent the phenomenon. And designs a automatic locked control system based on PIC16F877A. The system hardware modules and software system are elaborated in detailed. At last through the experiment, it verifies that the automatic control system has reached requirement.

Automatic control system is the representative of social comprehensive technological innovation, which has the characteristics of digitalization, programming and flexibility, and provides more reliable technical support for the performance of mechanical production. Based on this, this paper takes the food packaging machine system as an example to optimize the existing automatic food packaging machinery control system, give full play to the advantages of automation ability, and promote the improvement of social productivity.

One way of providing irrigation water to improve irrigation efficiency is the use of solar power-based automatic control systems. This technological innovation was designed by utilizing digital technology, microcontroller and sensor network. This automatic control system operates based on the value of soil moisture as the lower set point value and the upper set point value to set the pump on/off. The aims of this research are to develop a solar-powered automatic control system with reference to the control of soil moisture for set on/off the pump and can keep the soil moisture from the water capacity. The stages of the research are hardware design of solar-powered control systems, design of automatic control system software, design of sprinkler irrigation networks, testing and data analysis. The results showed that the total power to operate an automatic sprinkler irrigation system of 67.0 Watt and can reduce battery consumption of 234.7 Watt. The use of a 30 Wp solar panel unit is able to meet the power needed for the automatic control system during the experiment. Key words: automatic control system, microcontroller, solar power, sprinkler irrigation

This study compared the hydraulic performance of manual and automatic drip irrigation control systems under three valve opening levels full (Q1), half (Q2), and quarter (Q3) at a constant operating pressure of 1.0 bar. Performance indicators, including coefficient of variation (CV), distribution uniformity (DU), and emission uniformity (EU), were calculated from emitter discharge measurements at four points along the lateral (0, 5, 15, and 25 m). The automatic system consistently outperformed the manual system, maintaining higher DU and EU values, especially under reduced valve openings. This stability was attributed to integrated pressure regulation and solenoid-based control, while the manual system exhibited greater performance declines and flow losses at downstream emitters. To assess agronomic implications, the automatic system was applied to irrigate maize (Zea mays L.) under three irrigation strategies: T1: full water requirement in one dose, T2: two equal doses, and T3: three equal doses, all at full valve opening. T3 enhanced early plant height and leaf surface area, indicating improved vegetative growth with more frequent irrigation. However, grain yield was highest under T1 (24.0 ton/ha), followed by T2 (21.3 ton/ha) and T3 (20.2 ton/ha), suggesting that less frequent but deeper irrigation favored reproductive development and yield formation. The findings confirm that automatic drip irrigation systems deliver superior hydraulic stability and uniform water application compared to manual systems. Moreover, coupling automatic control with optimized scheduling such as single-dose full water application can enhance maize yield potential and water use efficiency, contributing to more sustainable irrigation practices in large-scale agricultural production.

We introduce a method to enhance the performance of the high dynamic range (HDR) technique on audio signals by automatically controlling the gains of the individual signal channels. Automatic gain control (AGC) compensates the receiver's dynamic range by ensuring that the incoming signal is contained within the desired range while the HDR utilizes these multi-channel gains to extend the dynamic range of the composited signal. The results validate that the benefits given by each method are compounded when they are used together. In effect, we produce a dynamic high dynamic range (DHDR) composite signal. The HDR AGC method is simulated to show performance gains under various conditions. The method is then implemented using a custom PCB and a microcontroller to show feasibility in real-world and real-time applications.

Performance evaluation of PV powered solar tunnel dryer integrated with a mobile alert system for shrimp drying

A system for automatic closed-loop control of drum boiler heat load for combined joint and separate combustion of blast-furnace, coke, and natural gases under the conditions of randomly changed flow rates of blast-furnace and coke gases is considered. For achieving more efficient operation of the automatic control system, it is proposed to introduce circuits for compensating random disturbances in the flow rates of these gases in addition to the standard automatic control system using the heat signal. The estimated parameters of the control channels transfer functions are presented for different ratios between the flow rates of fired gases and boiler loads. The results obtained from an investigation of the combined system are described, and its effectiveness with the boiler operating in different modes is demonstrated.

Purpose. Development of a laboratory stand with a wireless interface for the study and research of automatic control systems for DC electric drives.
 Methodology. Physical experiment on the developed laboratory bench, computer modelling, calculation and analytical methods.
 Findings. The study considered and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of existing developments of laboratory stands with virtual and remote components, the possibility of organizing a wireless interface, taking into account cost-effectiveness, mobility, reliability and simplicity, as well as the possibility of using as a training stand. The connection of the stand by means of USB and Wi-Fi is developed. The STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller is used for the power switch and the automatic control system. The interface part consists of a NodeMCU board, a MicroSD card module, an interface control unit, a 16x2 LCD and an I2C converter. The UART-USB interface is used for information transfer and programming of the stand. The possibility of current remote transmission of information about the modes and parameters of the engine to a computer with a browser output by installing the Wi-Fi module ESP8266MOD. A closed system of automatic DC motor control with PID current regulators and EMF has been developed. Experiments were performed with a pulse and smooth increase in motor speed and variation of the components of the PID controllers using the control panel of the laboratory stand. All graphs of the results of the experiment were obtained on a web page with a fixed IP address in the browser via Wi-Fi.
 Originality. The structure of the remote monitoring and control system based on hardware and software combination of telecommunication and measuring systems is proposed and developed, which differs from the existing ones by the presence of current wireless transmission of information, which allows to remotely receive research data of automatic DC motor control systems.
 Practical value. The developed laboratory stand with the wireless interface allows to receive and store experimental data on parameters of the investigated engine in real time remotely.

The article discusses the creation of an algorithm and the synthesis of a two-loop automatic control system for level and density, instead of the current single-loop one. Aim. Density stabilization and stabilization of the flotation machine power supply by creating a two-circuit automatic level and density control system in order to improve the quality of the final product. Materials and methods. Since there is no net lag in the system, the controller is tuned using the parametric optimization method, namely: according to the criteria of modular (MO) or symmetric optimum (CO). The MO/CO criterion is also used to adjust the contour. All automatic control systems are obtained in the MATLAB Simulink software package. Control quality is measured by metrics such as transient time, overshoot, and system error. The first two indicators show the dynamics of the process, and the last indicator shows the accuracy of the system. Conclusion. The finished two-loop automatic control system, developed in the software package MATLAB Simulink, according to the analysis of the obtained process parameters, provides stabilization of the density and level in the agitation tank for flotation.

PurposeHeritage is the latent part of a sustainable built environment. Conservation and preservation of heritage is one of the United Nations' (UN) sustainable development goals. Many social and natural factors seriously threaten heritage structures by deteriorating and damaging the original. Therefore, regular visual inspection of heritage structures is necessary for their conservation and preservation. Conventional inspection practice relies on manual inspection, which takes more time and human resources. The inspection system seeks an innovative approach that should be cheaper, faster, safer and less prone to human error than manual inspection. Therefore, this study aims to develop an automatic system of visual inspection for the built heritage.Design/methodology/approachThe artificial intelligence-based automatic defect detection system is developed using the faster R-CNN (faster region-based convolutional neural network) model of object detection to build an automatic visual inspection system. From the English and Dutch cemeteries of Surat (India), images of heritage structures were captured by digital camera to prepare the image data set. This image data set was used for training, validation and testing to develop the automatic defect detection model. While validating this model, its optimum detection accuracy is recorded as 91.58% to detect three types of defects: “spalling,” “exposed bricks” and “cracks.”FindingsThis study develops the model of automatic web-based visual inspection systems for the heritage structures using the faster R-CNN. Then it demonstrates detection of defects of spalling, exposed bricks and cracks existing in the heritage structures. Comparison of conventional (manual) and developed automatic inspection systems reveals that the developed automatic system requires less time and staff. Therefore, the routine inspection can be faster, cheaper, safer and more accurate than the conventional inspection method.Practical implicationsThe study presented here can improve inspecting the built heritages by reducing inspection time and cost, eliminating chances of human errors and accidents and having accurate and consistent information. This study attempts to ensure the sustainability of the built heritage.Originality/valueFor ensuring the sustainability of built heritage, this study presents the artificial intelligence-based methodology for the development of an automatic visual inspection system. The automatic web-based visual inspection system for the built heritage has not been reported in previous studies so far.

With the development of digital twin, the research on the fusion of intelligent manufacturing system and digital twin technology attracts more attention. In this paper, the realization of digital twin is studied for geometric feature online inspection system of body-in-white (BIW). A three-level virtual modeling approach of Element-Behavior-Rule is proposed for the physical environment modeling in a digital environment. An element model, behavior model and rule model are defined, respectively, and the relationship among the three-layer model is given for real-time communication. A three-layer communication architecture of the digital twin system is designed for the real-time mapping between physical and virtual space, and the process of the online inspection digital twin system is analyzed. Finally, on the basis of the online inspection physical experimental platform and JHIM (Jiangheng Intelligent Manufacturing) software platform, the digital twin system for geometric feature online inspection of BIW is developed, which shows that the virtual model can be driven in real time by real-time physical inspection data. Digital twin technology provides a feasible way for real-time monitoring of the online inspection system.

In this paper, an automated inspection system is proposed for detecting the location and measuring the size of existing dipping or buckling on the sandwich panel surface using an RGB camera and an inexpensive linear laser. The proposed method, by observing the radiated laser beams on the sandwich panel surface, can localize and calculate the level of dipping and buckling with acceptable accuracy while being robust to vibrations of moving sandwich panel on the production line conveyor. After a complete processing of the panel by the system, a three-dimensional (surface plot) or two-dimensional (heat map) output is produced to assist the production line supervisor to easily inspect the surface quality of the sandwich panels. Our experimental results show that the proposed system can detect and measure the surface defects including dipping and buckling with a high accuracy and performance.