Adaptive Investigating Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) Performance Analysis in 5G Cognitive Radio Based Sensor Network (CSNs)

Filter-bank based multi-carrier systems have recently attracted lots of interest as a promising approach for the next generation wireless communication systems. Due to high complexity and long symbol duration, however, these systems need to evolve in a new multi-carrier technique, universal-filtered multi-carrier (UFMC). In conventional UFMC systems, a fixed size of resource block (RB) reduces the flexibility of spectrum utilization and leads to high computational complexity. This problem highlights the need for RB size control that will efficiently allocate frequency resource to satisfy users' resource demand. In this paper, we propose a generalized UFMC system for uplink scenario. First, we analyze the impact of RB size on the UFMC spectrum utilization and complexity. Then, we observe the effect of filter length on symbol error rate (SER). Based on this observation, the proposed UFMC system controls RB size and filter length according to users' demand. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed system tremendously improves throughput per sub-carrier without SER performance degradation.

In this article, we explore the use of neural networks (NNs) to enhance the performance evaluation of Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) systems, a key technology for modern communication networks such as 5G and beyond. Traditional methods of evaluating the Bit Error Rate (BER) and system efficiency in UFMC system can be computationally intensive and less accurate under dynamic conditions. To address these challenges, we propose a NN based approach that not only improves the accuracy of BER prediction but also significantly optimizes the system's overall efficiency. Channel state estimation (CSE) plays a major role for UFMC system to address the phenomenon of multipath channel fading. In order to achieve a high data rate using UFMC technology, it is necessary to have an effective CSE and very accurate signal detection. Recently, there has been significant interest in utilizing deep learning (DL) to enhance channel estimations. This article introduces a new method for channel estimation (CE) in UFMC system. The suggested approach utilizes DL models to improve the CE. For the UFMC system, we propose a detector based on bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM). To identify the transmitted symbols, the suggested detector uses DL training data directly. Currently, a significant drawback of UFMC systems is the presence of a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The approach aims to reduce the BER and enhances the efficiency of the UFMC system. This is achieved by dynamically setting the constellation mapping and symbol damping on each subcarrier and sub-symbol. The results illustrate that the proposed model can accurately and efficiently recognize UFMC signals. The suggested model is being compared to Least Square (LS), LSTM, and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) channel estimators. Through extensive simulations, our results demonstrate that the NN model reduces BER and enhances efficiency. The proposed model gives more effective performance in terms of enhanced efficiency and reduction of BER. The findings offer valuable insights for the design and optimization of next-generation communication systems, where accurate and efficient performance evaluation is critical.

One of the major purposes for fifth generation (5G) communications waveform design is to relax the synchronization requirements for supporting efficient massive machine type communications (MTCs). Polynomial cancellation coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (PCC-OFDM) and universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) are designed to reduce the sidelobes of the OFDM waveform to protect against intercarrier interference (ICI) in the 5G uplink. To the best of our knowledge, there is no analysis of the effect of ICI for the UFMC system with time offset transmissions that many arise in MTC scenarios. Furthermore, there is no study on reducing the computational complexity of the UFMC system. This paper provides closed-form expressions for time offsets interference in such a case for OFDM, PCC-OFDM, and UFMC. This paper also presents theoretical analysis for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, achievable rate, and bit error ratio performance. The results show that PCC-OFDM significantly protects against ICI at the cost of halving the spectral efficiency. UFMC improves the ICI and intersymbol interference protection performance, especially when the length of time offset is very small, at the cost of significantly increasing the computational complexity. Finally, this paper proposes the overlap and adds UFMC and a variant of UFMC using infinite impulse response prototype filter banks to reduce the processing complexity.

In the 5th generation mobile communication (5G) system, it is required to provide three different types of services, including enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC).To meet all those demand in 5G, the waveform is crucial. Although the CP-OFDM waveform has been wildly used in 4G, it is hardly to satisfy the requirements of 5G.A lot of candidate waveforms are discussed for 5G system, including UFMC, FBMC, F-OFDM etc. In this paper, the UFMC waveform is discussed, the different filters and different frequency width of the subband in UFMC system are studied and appropriate parameters for the system are recommended.

Recently, the spectral efficiency improvement of wireless and cellular communications is very important. Several waveforms have been proposed in order to satisfy key performance indicators of the 5th generation (5G) cellular communication. Universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) and filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) and the filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing are typical candidate for 5G waveform, but they have some advantages and problems as well. In this paper, a weighted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (W-OFDM) is considered since W-OFDM has pretty low complexity and comparable merits. In this paper, at first, we describe the system model and operation principle about UFMC, FBMC, and W-OFDM system. Next, we evaluate the out-of-band (OOB) power spectrum and bit error rate (BER) performance of these systems in the linear or nonlinear HPA. Simulation results show that OOB power spectrum and BER performance of UFMC, FBMC, and W-OFDM are similar in the linear operation. From the implementation point of view, if these performance and characteristics are similar, low-complexity is very decisive for the communication processing speed that is very important to the low latency and ultra-fast processing in the receiver. Additionally, under the nonlinear HPA environment, W-OFDM system is more advantageous because W-OFDM system uses a simple time-domain windowing technique in order to reduce OOB power.

Universal-filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) technique is considered as a potential candidate for future communication systems due to its robustness against inter-carrier interference (ICI), suitability for non-contiguous fragmented available spectrum resources and low latency scenario in 5G network. In this work, we present a novel pulse shaping approach in UFMC to reduce the spectral leakage to nearby subbands used for same or other users with low complexity and high throughput. In the proposed scheme, we apply Bohman filter-based pulse shaping with combination of antipodal symbol-pairs to the edgesubcarriers of the subbands, and consequently reduce the outof-band radiation. We further optimize the filter co-efficients, which outperforms the current state-of-the art. This scheme offers better signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) to improve the robustness against carrier frequency offset (CFO) for energy saving in loosely synchronized scenario. In addition, we validate the proposed scheme by hardware prototype on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip.

We propose a FFT-based universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) modulation scheme used for datacenter interconnect to support low overhead and agile transmission. The feasibility of this proposed UFMC scheme is experimentally investigated in the IM/DD system. The results have shown that, the UFMC-based datacenter interconnect can achieve great system overhead reduction and support different subband width division rules, which can be well suitable for the agile optical transmission of datacenter interconnect. Moreover, UFMC-based interconnect system is demonstrated to enhance the timing offset tolerance compared to CP-OFDM, which can further improve the system transmission performance.

This chapter extensively presents the most popular multicarrier modulation techniques such as, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), FilterBank MultiCarrier modulation with Offset QAM (FBMC-OQAM), universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC), and generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM). It investigates waveforms that helps to achieve the 5th-generation (5G) goals, that is, to propose modulation schemes with exceptional spectral efficiency, low out-of-band emissions (OOB), robustness against interference and synchronization errors and suitable for use in a fragmented radio spectrum. The cyclic extension has a special, beneficial role for the OFDM functionality. Besides its operation as a guard band, the cyclic prefix transforms the linear convolution of the signal with the channel response, to circular convolution. In frequency selective channels, the cyclic prefix reduces spectral efficiency even more. UFMC or Universal Filtered OFDM (UF-OFDM) focuses on the drastic reduction of OFDM side lobes. The main concept behind UFMC is to divide an OFDM waveform into components and filter each component individually.

Universal-filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) technique is considered as a potential candidate for future communication systems due to its robustness against inter-carrier interference (ICI), suitability for non-contiguous fragmented available spectrum resources and low latency scenario in 5G network. In this paper, we present a novel pulse shaping approach in UFMC to reduce the spectral leakage into nearby subbands used for same or other users with low complexity and high throughput. In the new scheme, we apply Bohman filter-based pulse shaping with combination of antipodal symbol-pairs to the edge-subcarriers of the subbands, and consequently reduce the out-of-band radiation. This scheme outperforms the current state-of-the art and offers better signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) to improve the robustness against carrier frequency offset (CFO) for energy saving in loosely synchronized scenario. We further validate the proposed scheme on field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware prototype.

Modulation techniques in 5G wireless communication systems play a crucial role in meeting demands for higher data rates, lower latency, and improved connectivity. This involves optimizing power spectral density (PSD), enhancing data transmission reliability, and reducing bit error rates (BER) and interference. The objective of this paper is to evaluate primary modulation schemes used in 5G—Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Filter-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (F-OFDM), Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC), and Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC)—based on performance metrics such as PSD, BER, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using MATLAB. OFDM demonstrates low BER at high SNR but faces degradation at lower SNRs, necessitating a higher SNR for maintaining low BER. F-OFDM improves BER in noisy environments through reduced out-of-band emissions and improved spectral efficiency. FBMC shows lower BER than OFDM, especially in multipath fading scenarios, despite its higher complexity. UFMC provides balanced performance with moderate BER across varying SNRs, offering a trade-off between simplicity and efficiency, with stable BER and enhanced spectral efficiency, and reduced latency compared to OFDM. Each modulation scheme in 5G presents specific strengths and weaknesses. OFDM is robust and widely used, while F-OFDM, FBMC, and UFMC enhance spectral efficiency, BER, and SNR management. Selecting the appropriate technique depends on network requirements, with MATLAB simulations playing a crucial role in optimizing 5G network performance.

Polynomial-cancellation-coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (PCC-OFDM) is a form of OFDM that has waveforms which are very well localized in both the time and frequency domains and so it is ideally suited for use in the 5G network. This paper analyzes the performance of PCC-OFDM in the uplink of a multiuser system using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and compares it with conventional cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), and universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC). PCC-OFDM is shown to be very much less sensitive to time and frequency offsets than either CP-OFDM or UFMC. For a given constellation size, PCC-OFDM in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) requires 3 dB lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a given bit-error-rate, and the SNR advantage of PCC-OFDM increases rapidly when there are timing and/or frequency offsets. For PCC-OFDM no frequency guard-band is required between different OFDMA users. PCC-OFDM is completely compatible with CP-OFDM and adds negligible complexity and latency, because it uses a simple mapping of data onto pairs of subcarriers at the transmitter, and a simple weighting-and-adding of pairs of subcarriers at the receiver. The weighting-and-adding step, which has been omitted in some of the literature, is shown to contribute substantially to the SNR advantage of PCC-OFDM. A disadvantage of PCC-OFDM (without overlapping) is the potential reduction in spectral efficiency because subcarriers are modulated in pairs, but this reduction is more than regained because no guard band is required and because, for a given channel, larger constellations can be used.

In this article, we propose a joint waveform based on universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) chirp for radar jamming and communication joint systems. Modulation of radar jamming chirp signals and communication signals on different subcarrier groups in the UFMC sub-band is used to achieve the waveform design. The jamming signal in the waveform contains a frequency shift coefficient that depends on the delay time, which can effectively improve the anti-frequency hopping ability and enhance the overall jamming efficiency. Simultaneously jamming signals can provide assistance in channel estimation and equalization of communication, improving the information transmission quality of communication subsystems. We concluded through reasonable trade-off analysis that the combined weight of radar jamming and communication is closely related to the overall performance of the waveform. The simulation results show that the proposed UFMC chirp synthesized waveform has good jamming and communication performance. Software defined radio (SDR) simulation experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of this method in practical environments.

This paper describes the channel estimation techniques with candidate waveforms for 5G Wireless Communication Systems. For fourth generation (4G) systems Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) was best. But the problem of this multi carrier modulation is high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) & high Side band leakage. Large traffic provision of 5G wireless communication systems can be evaluated by using multiple access schemes, such as filter-bank multi-carrier (FBMC), universal-filtered multi-carrier (UFMC), generalized frequency-division multiplexing (GFDM) schemes. An M-estimator based channel estimation technique is also presented in this paper. Simulation results are provided in support the analysis done.

In this paper, the partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique known as one of the most efficient peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction schemes is applied to the recently proposed fifth generation (5G) waveform candidate called universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) for PAPR reduction process. Thanks to our way of application in which the PTS technique is employed before the process of subdividing the bandwidth into the number of sub-bands, the PAPR minimization is carried out in a very simple and efficient manner. In the simulations, the PAPR reduction performance of the PTS technique is analyzed for different search numbers (SNs). In addition, the effect of PTS on the power spectral density (PSD) and bit error rate (BER) performance of the UFMC system employing solid state power amplifier (SSPA) as a high power amplifier (HPA) is investigated for different input back off (IBO) and smoothness coefficient $(p)$ values.

The demand for new wireless services within frequency bands has increased due to the exponential growth of wireless communication, leading to issues related to spectrum scarcity. This paper proposes a hybrid technique-based Spectrum Sensing (SS) algorithm. The traffic signal filtering component of the method utilizes the cosine law in conjunction with the Welch algorithm for segmentation. It incorporates various 5G waveforms, including Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM), Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (F-OFDM), Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC), Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), and Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC). The (SS) system achieves a false alarm rate of less than 0.05, a detection probability (Pd) greater than 0.95, and a system error probability of less than 0.09%. Key metrics are used to evaluate the algorithm's performance, and simulation results demonstrate its capability to distinguish between different types of 5G signals.