FFT-based universal filtered multicarrier technology for low overhead and agile datacenter interconnect

Latest trend in research tend to fulfill requirements of the most talked about 5G networks. These networks need to be be engineered in terms of cost, energy and spectral efficiency, number of connected devices and latency. Cognitive Radio (CR) is one of the promising techniques to meet the above mentioned requirements that operates at microwave frequencies and exploits underutilized spectrum bands. Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) is a new channel judgment method that use multicarrier modulation scheme. UFMC is consider like an applicant for the 5th Generation of wireless communication systems and replaces OFDM .Latest research indicates that cellular networks are better operated with the novel UFMC with enhanced performance in terms of improved spectral efficiency, less usage of energy as well as latency. However, an emerging area of Information and Communication technology (ICT) are Cognitive radio based Sensor Networks (CSNs). Even basic observations using empirical approach can reveal important observations, especially if the above mentioned latest channel estimation technique (UFMC) , is tried and observed for CSNs. The option of CSNs as test bed is based on abundant use of the supporting in various social and military setups. In this work, part of frequency synchronization and channel estimation are explore and correlate with OFDM and UFMC systems with CSNs as testbed, primarily with a computer-aided software simulator and also with real time experimentation in special laboratory if resources permit.

This chapter extensively presents the most popular multicarrier modulation techniques such as, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), FilterBank MultiCarrier modulation with Offset QAM (FBMC-OQAM), universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC), and generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM). It investigates waveforms that helps to achieve the 5th-generation (5G) goals, that is, to propose modulation schemes with exceptional spectral efficiency, low out-of-band emissions (OOB), robustness against interference and synchronization errors and suitable for use in a fragmented radio spectrum. The cyclic extension has a special, beneficial role for the OFDM functionality. Besides its operation as a guard band, the cyclic prefix transforms the linear convolution of the signal with the channel response, to circular convolution. In frequency selective channels, the cyclic prefix reduces spectral efficiency even more. UFMC or Universal Filtered OFDM (UF-OFDM) focuses on the drastic reduction of OFDM side lobes. The main concept behind UFMC is to divide an OFDM waveform into components and filter each component individually.

With the advent of 5G communications, the demand for high data rates and improved spectral efficiency has necessitated the exploration of advanced modulation techniques. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) are two prominent modulation schemes for 5G systems. However, both OFDM and UFMC suffer from a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), leading to signal distortion and inefficient power amplification. The Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) approach is a promising strategy to minimize PAPR in OFDM and is applied to UFMC to minimize PAPR in UFMC and is known as scrambled UFMC (S-UFMC). PTS, however, involves an extensive search to identify the best phase factors that increase computational complexity. The artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed to reduce the computational complexity S-UFMC and OFDM. A novel modulation scheme, amplitude phase shift keying (APSK), is used instead of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in S-UFMC and OFDM, which has better performance than conventional modulation schemes. In this research, OFDM, PTS OFDM, UFMC and S-UFMC are compared and it is found that the proposed scrambled UFMC with APSK modulation using ABC algorithm performs better than OFDM and UFMC in terms of PAPR, spectral efficiency and computational complexity.

Modulation techniques in 5G wireless communication systems play a crucial role in meeting demands for higher data rates, lower latency, and improved connectivity. This involves optimizing power spectral density (PSD), enhancing data transmission reliability, and reducing bit error rates (BER) and interference. The objective of this paper is to evaluate primary modulation schemes used in 5G—Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Filter-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (F-OFDM), Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC), and Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC)—based on performance metrics such as PSD, BER, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using MATLAB. OFDM demonstrates low BER at high SNR but faces degradation at lower SNRs, necessitating a higher SNR for maintaining low BER. F-OFDM improves BER in noisy environments through reduced out-of-band emissions and improved spectral efficiency. FBMC shows lower BER than OFDM, especially in multipath fading scenarios, despite its higher complexity. UFMC provides balanced performance with moderate BER across varying SNRs, offering a trade-off between simplicity and efficiency, with stable BER and enhanced spectral efficiency, and reduced latency compared to OFDM. Each modulation scheme in 5G presents specific strengths and weaknesses. OFDM is robust and widely used, while F-OFDM, FBMC, and UFMC enhance spectral efficiency, BER, and SNR management. Selecting the appropriate technique depends on network requirements, with MATLAB simulations playing a crucial role in optimizing 5G network performance.

5G technology is the only hope that would let us bridge the tele-industry in terms of meeting the need with quality. It is estimated that there is a generation and usage of about 2.5*10^18 bytes per day. The statistics in the present day prove that the future needs will increase exponentially and so will the demand. Meeting these parameters like the data rates, speed for the users with current technologies like 3G, OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is quite impossible. It's high time that we leap up to another degree and unfold new methods to emerge into 5G-5TH Generation. Usage of appropriate modulating techniques and compatible devices would drive to the inception of a new era in the history of technology, which would be better than ever. The outright motto is to develop a waveform which holds high Spectral efficiency and minimal Peak to Average Power Ratio. The paper revolves around the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) and Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC). These techniques are compared and analyzed on the basis of Spectral Efficiency, Bit Error Rate , PAPR by utilizing various subcarriers and modulation techniques. The results evidently prove that the spectral efficiency is quite insufficient in the case of OFDM. The existence of cyclic prefix adds to this constraint. FBMC and UFMC proves to be highly fictional and the drawbacks in the previous case are neutralized by the usage separate filters for each subcarriers which further increases the PAPR value. On advanced analysis we derive to conclusions that UFMC waveform technique is preferable for 5G on considering the value of PAPR. Optimization will add to the betterment of the situation. We would study the spectral efficiency, power spectral density, peak to average power ratio and performance in terms of bit error rate in practical senses.

In various areas, wireless systems are used. In order to allocate the available time and frequency resources, these wireless systems require flexible mechanisms. With 5G, transmission rates will be higher, latency will be lower and quality of service and channel capacity will be higher. The physical layer must be able to generate flexible waveforms to meet the above requirements. Currently, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission does not support 5G communication. In the case of 4G/OFDM, there are many problems in terms of out of band emission, spectral efficiency, and peak to average power ratio (PAPR). An alternative transmission scheme Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC) is introduced to address this problem. The paper compares OFDM with UFMC. The purpose of this paper is to discuss Spectral Density, Spectral Efficiency, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Bit Error Rate (BER). In comparison to OFDM, UFMC provides better performance.

Multicarrier modulation (MCM) schemes have been intensively studied and developed, because of their numerous advantages, which include high data rate and immunity to multipath fading. Among MCM schemes, filter bank multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC-OQAM) has attracted considerable interest in recent years. However, the FBMC-OQAM system exhibits a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper, we investigate the FBMC-OQAM system and present a solution for the problem of high PAPR that involves two separate components: minimizing the PAPR of each data block and optimizing each segment based on the preceding result. Unlike conventional partial transmit sequence techniques, the new method uses fewer combinations of phase factors, thereby decreasing the complexity of the algorithm while still reducing PAPR. In addition, sparse clipping signals are recovered by compressed sensing, and the bit error rates were analyzed based on sparsity level. The reductions in PAPR were also numerically evaluated using simulations. The simulation results confirm that the proposed technique effectively reduces the high peaks in the FBMC-OQAM system.

The ripple modulation (RM) is a technique that provides a variable output voltage by using the output voltage ripple of a switching-mode power converter. It was proposed to reproduce the communication signal of a visible light communication transmitter, thus avoiding the use of power inefficient linear power amplifiers. However, the RM has a major drawback: it has not been reported how to reproduce multicarrier modulation (MCM) schemes, which are the preferred modulation schemes due to their high performance in wireless communications. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the RM can be used to reproduce MCM schemes by considering the envelope and the instantaneous phase of the communication signal. Moreover, the control system of the power stage is described in detail, explaining how to modulate both the width and the phase of the gate signals, the calculation of the phase shift that is required for tracking the envelope, etc.

As an extension and complement of the terrestrial network, the space information network has attracted extensive attention and is expected to play a significant role in the human society. In this article, we introduce an architecture of the space information network and summarize the key technical issues in the satellite-ground transmission. Then, we present traditional modulation schemes that highly affect the performance of the satellite-ground transmission and analyze their shortcomings which limit the development of space information networks. As an urgent and necessary mission to deal with the above shortcomings and promote the transmission performance of space information networks, new multicarrier modulation based satellite-ground transmission schemes are proposed in this article. We compare new multicarrier modulation schemes with traditional modulation schemes for satellite-ground transmission in detail, and conduct simulations to verify the superiority of new multicarrier modulation schemes. Finally, possible future research directions are identified.

The need for internet of things (IoT) and machine-to-machine communication (MTC) has been growing rapidly all across the world. To meet the client's needs, many literature reviews were undertaken in several countries. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC), filter-bank multicarrier offset construction amplitude modulation (FBMC-OQAM), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), and others are candidates for LTE, LTE advance, and 5G, according to the majority of the researchers. However, because it is sensitive to propagation and noise, such as amplitude, with a huge dynamic range, it requires RF power amplifiers with a high peak to average power quantitative relationship; consequently, it is not recommended for LTE, LTE advance, or 5G. As a result, the same concerns were addressed by introducing innovative type filtered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F- OFDM), which was the subject of this study. In addition, F-OFDM mathematical models were constructed and simulated in the MATLAB software environment. To validate the proposed innovative F-OFDM, OFDM was compared. For innovative F-OFDM, the simulated result was 0.00083333 bit error rate (BER). Furthermore, the bit error rate (BER) of F-OFDM over OFDM was 89.4 percent, and the peak to average power ratio was 17 percent. The simulation results unmistakably show that the suggested innovative F-OFDM is the greatest fit for LTE, LTE advanced, and 5G contenders.

PAPR analysis in OTFS using the centre phase sequence matrix based PTS method

This paper describes the channel estimation techniques with candidate waveforms for 5G Wireless Communication Systems. For fourth generation (4G) systems Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) was best. But the problem of this multi carrier modulation is high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) & high Side band leakage. Large traffic provision of 5G wireless communication systems can be evaluated by using multiple access schemes, such as filter-bank multi-carrier (FBMC), universal-filtered multi-carrier (UFMC), generalized frequency-division multiplexing (GFDM) schemes. An M-estimator based channel estimation technique is also presented in this paper. Simulation results are provided in support the analysis done.

Silicon photonics has attracted extensive attention in recent years as a promising solution for next generation high-speed, low energy consumption, and low cost data transmission systems. Although a few experiments indicated board-level and long haul communication capability, major and near-future application of silicon photonics is commonly seen as Ethernet at 100Gb/s and beyond, such as interconnects in data centers, where O-Band (near 1310 nm wavelength) has been standardized for its low fiber dispersion. However, almost all silicon photonics devices demonstrated up to date operate at C-Band (1530 nm to 1560 nm), the fiber loss and erbium amplification window, probably due to the wider availability of lasers and testing apparatus at this wavelength. Typical C-Band devices cannot operate at O-Band, thus the whole device library needs to be redesigned and recalibrated for O-Band applications. In this paper, we present an ultra compact, low loss, and low crosstalk waveguide crossing operating at O-Band. It is designed using the finite difference time domain method coupled with a particle swarm optimization. Device footprint is only 6 μm × 6 μm. The measured insertion loss is 0.19±0.02 dB across an 8-inch wafer. Cross talk is lower than -35 dB. We also report a second waveguide crossing with a 9 μm × 9 μm footprint with 0.017±0.005 dB insertion loss. Finally we summarize the performance of our overall O-Band device library, including low-loss waveguides, high-speed modulators, and photodetectors.

Filter Bank Multicarrier and Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing are being considered as the major candidates for the 5G modulation schemes. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is used in 4G but owing to its Out of Band spectral leakage it is being replaced by these modified waveforms. Multicarrier Modulation schemes are sensitive to Carrier Frequency Offset which significantly degrades the Signal to Noise Ratio by introducing Inter Carrier Interference causing degradation in the Bit Error Rate performance. This paper provides an in-depth investigation and analysis on the effects of Carrier Frequency Offset on the performance of Filter Bank Multicarrier and Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing under AWGN and fading environments. Results are compared with the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing to highlight the features of either modulation scheme under various static and dynamic environments.

The significance of digital communication has been well accepted all over the world. It has been widely used in wireless networks like satellite communication, and 4G and 5G technologies as it provides high data connectivity and efficiency. For long-distance transmission and reception of signals, maintaining the signal quality is very important and therefore an efficient modulation and demodulation scheme is required. In this paper, the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme is being presented. Its several advantages over other digital modulation techniques made it one of the best forms of digital modulation. The concept of software-defined radio has been used as a test bed for implementing QPSK modulation. Simulation of QPSK modulation and demodulation process is performed in Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench software, and the digital transmission and reception of signals are done through Universal Software Radio Peripheral. The signal experiences sampling, quantization, filtering, encoding, modulation, demodulation, decoding, with and without the addition of additive white Gaussian noise on the graphical interface of NI LabVIEW. Several investigations have been done on digital modulation, but they are covered entirely on simulation in any software. In this paper along with the implementation of modulation and demodulation part, the transmission and reception of the signal are also performed using USRP.