Arduino Based Maize Separator and Power Generator

The government of India aims at “Swachh Bharat Mission” and for that we need smart city with smart streets enabled with smart garbage monitoring system. We see garbage bins around us placed at public places overflowing with due to increase in waste and results into unhygienic conditions for people and leads to deadly diseases. Thus to improve this situation, we proposed this project. In our proposed system, there are multiple smart garbage trash bins on a microcontroller board platform (Arduino Board) located throughout any city or the campus or hospital. The Arduino Board is interfaced with GSM modem and ultrasonic sensor. Once the level of threshold is being crossed, then ultrasonic sensors will trigger the GSM module which in turn continuously alert the authorised person by sending SMS reminder after until the dustbin is cleaned. Beside this, we will also create the central system that will keep showing us the current status of garbage on mobile web browser with html page by wi-fi. With the help of this, we will create shortest path for garbage collection vehicles using Dijkstra Algorithm. This is real time waste management by using smart trash bins that can be accessed anytime anywhere by the concerned person. Keywords: IoT; Smart city; Smart Garbage Bins; Arduino; Ultrasonic Sensors; GSM; Real time Analytics; Route Optimization

Since the power supply unit is an integral part of any electronic device, to ensure high quality and reliability of its operation, it is necessary to periodically check its operational characteristics and the structural solutions used in it. The lack or untimely verification procedures jeopardizes the functioning of the entire device and leaves the user vulnerable to the likely onset of sudden failures and subsequent potentially unpleasant situations. It should be borne in mind that the element base (workmanship) of the power supply units does not differ from the quality of the element base of the entire device, while this unit is an intermediary between the power supply network (parameters of the characteristics and state of the power supply network) and the main device (technical condition and adequacy of the user when using it). Therefore, the durability of the main equipment depends on the efficiency and correctness of the functioning of the power supply, the stability of its parameters. In case of a critical state of the equipment, the power supply unit itself contains a fuse (automatic emergency shutdown system), while the operation of the fuse does not allow to determine the cause (source) of the critical state (network - power supply unit - main equipment - violation of operating rules). Replacing the fuse, or replacing the power supply does not guarantee the final solution to the problem of technical diagnostics. Given the ever-increasing complexity and high cost of modern electronic devices (including those with elements of artificial intelligence), the issue of timely diagnosis of potential power supply malfunctions is critically important. Therefore, the development of scientifically sound approaches to determining the technical condition of power supplies and localizing its faults is an urgent task

Objectives: In India, the frequency of traffic collisions is among the highest in the world. Most of the accidents are due to blind spots which cannot be directly observed by the driver at control. The paper proposes a collision avoidance system due to blind spots and in the case of heavy traffic scenarios. Methods: The proposed system avoids collision in blind spot and in heavy traffic and does not follow the path of preceding vehicle if the space between detector (Our Vehicle) and host vehicle is in proximity. For implementation of the system, Arduino boards and other drivers along with ultrasonic sensor are used and ZigBee is used for data communication between two nodes. Findings: The Blind Spot Detection (BSD) procedure based on wireless detecting technique ZigBee is proposed to monitor the blind spot region for the presence of interferences, automobiles, or other objects with the aid of ultrasonic sensor. For detecting the vehicles in blind spot, Neural Fuzzy Logic is used for the proposed system. The connection models for the developed system is identified and proposed. The paper also discusses about the advantages of ZigBee over other wireless technologies. The Wireless Technology identified is ZigBee which will lower the wiring connection in the vehicles. Applications: This method is useful to avoid collision in blind spot and also lowered the wiring connection in the vehicles by using ZigBee. Hence, the proposed system discovers its application in real time and gives collision free environment. The system is evaluated for different driving scenarios and results are discussed. Keywords: Blind Spot Detection, Collision-Avoidance System, ZigBee Pair

Throughout this modernization world, the demands on Internet of Thing keep increasing. Most mailbox or pigeon hole are designed with poor efficiency system and commonly suffer from some possible flaws such as manually checking the letter by the user. The main problem of this project is to improve the existing pigeonhole system. In the case of staff at School of Computer and Communication System, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, each academic staff has been allocated a pigeon hole for any letters or memos from within or inter faculty. Unfortunately, the current conventional pigeon hole system is unable to inform and notify the staff on any urgent letter and this lead to significant delay in responding the letter. The main weakness of the current system is that staffs need to check their respective pigeon hole every day. However, due to the routine commitment or unforeseen circumstances the pigeon hole cannot be possibly checked every day. Hence, to fulfil this requirement, this project named as Smart Electronic Pigeon Hole System is introduced in order to make the pigeon hole more efficient. The purpose of this project is to design a smart electronic pigeon hole system with some detecting sensors such as infrared and ultrasonic sensors. Wi-Fi module acts as a tool to communicate via email between pigeonhole’s system and its owner. Arduino board is used to be programmed in such a way to process the sensors when detecting the upcoming document or letters and to continuously check the status of capacity of the pigeon hole. This project work with the administrative staff, who collected the documents from the post center, will entered and select the designated number of the pigeon hole users. Infrared sensors, located at the front, will detect the upcoming documents or letters. Ultrasonic sensor will detect the fullness of the letter in the pigeon hole. When there is arriving of document or letters, the user will get the notification email. The user will also get the warning notification email when their pigeon hole is full with documents. Red LED will light on when the capacity of the pigeon hole is full. The sensor will continually sense the condition of the pigeon hole as long as the system is activated. This project is suitable for the staff or the apartment residents as it has the capability to alert the user when there is a letter to prevent the urgent letter’s being ignored.

Using multi-power supply units to power large-area electrothermal films can achieve high electrothermal power under low voltage. However, this method may result in poor contact between the electrodes and the electrothermal film, especially for films with large areas and curved surfaces, as well as for power supply units with small electrode spacing. This study found that the relative deviation between the measured value (RM) and the theoretical value (RP) of the parallel resistance, RM−RPRP, exceeds 12.8% when powering a planar Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrothermal film with an area of 5 cm × 5 cm and electrode spacing of less than 0.5 cm using four or more power supply units. This deviation is significantly higher than that observed for power supply units with electrode spacing ≥0.8 cm, where RM−RPRP is 1.4% and 0.3% for spacings of 0.8 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively. By using fine sand, springs, and airbags as power supply pedestals, close contact between the electrodes and the electrothermal film can be achieved for large-area and curved-surface films due to the deformation of the sand, springs, or airbags under the heater’s weight. When an airbag power supply pedestal with twelve power supply units is used to power the bottom of an electrothermal ceramic teacup with a 20 cm2 curved ITO transparent electrothermal film, the RM−RPRP is 13.3% and the heating temperature reaches 83.1 °C.

The Avoidance of Obstacles Robot using IoT is a robotic system that is guided by the software we develop and makes use of IoT technologies to avoid obstacles in its route. The robot utilizes sensors to identify obstructions, which it then transmits to a microcontroller, which analyses the information and commands the robot's motors to change course. This kind of robot can be beneficial for a number of tasks, including exploration, search and rescue, and surveillance. The main challenge in building mobile robots is the ability to identify and avoid obstacles. The robots now have the senses necessary to navigate unknown environments safely owing to this technology. This project involves designing an obstacle-avoiding robot that can navigate around obstacles without colliding with them. It is a robot that uses three ultrasonic distance sensors to find obstacles and runs on an Arduino microcontroller. The microcontroller platform chosen was the Arduino board, and the programming was done using Arduino Software, the board's software counterpart. Higher accuracy in spotting nearby impediments is provided by the incorporation of three ultrasonic distance sensors. Being a fully autonomous robot, it navigated new settings without colliding with anything. The project's hardware is widely accessible and reasonably priced, making it simple to replicate the robot

Distance had been measured in previous years using the manual method, basically using measuring tape. Though there are several ways to estimate distance to a particular point without physical contact of the obstacle. One way is the use ultrasonic sensors, operating at 40 kHz, which is a wireless based. Ultrasonic transducers which consist of an ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver were implemented in this work to transmit ultrasonic signals and receive the reflected signal and calculate the time it takes for a sound pulse to reach and reflect from the desired obstruction, as the reflected echo. This device calculates the distance from the transmitter to the obstacle using the speed of sound (340m/s) at 25°C-390C ambient temperature and display on a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen. Using it, we can measure distance up to 60 meters. In this work, the ultrasonic transmitter unit is excited with a 40 kHz pulse burst and expects an echo from the object or obstacle which is the intended point, whose distance we want to measure. Ultrasonic sensor measurement is among the least expensive solutions available. In this paper measurement of distance to an obstacle by using a ultrasonic transmitter and receiver and an arduino board were presented.

This project focuses on the development of an air-defense mechanism utilizing a radar-based system integrated with an Arduino board. The system works on realtime threat detection by using radar and ultrasonic sensors. Its primary goal is to improve defense by automating threat detection and response mechanisms. For processing, the project uses an Arduino; for radar movement, servo motors; and a display unit to visualize the data in real time. By providing a cheap and scalable solution, this research hopes to advance the field of modern defense technology as a different approach to the expensive methods traditionally employed in air defense. Higher-end sensors, artificial intelligence, and capabilities for remote monitoring related to security could further enhance its functionality.

The need for search and rescue (SAR) operations arises in various situations: natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods or avalanches, accidents, etc. It is known that the large volume and diversity of the identified area, the limited view, dangerous conditions and the presence of victims in remote or hard-to-reach places complicate such work. The use of advanced technologies such as robotics in improving the efficiency of search and rescue operations to solve problems in these cases allows us to obtain rational solutions. A robotic assistant for search and rescue operations has been developed, a 3D model has been developed. The robot is controlled autonomously or remotely, overcome difficult terrain, collect data and perform tasks that contribute to the search and rescue process. Internet of Things devices and sensors interact over the network, allowing you to collect, analyze and share data in real time. The Arduino board was chosen to create the project. The device circuit was assembled and the operation of the sensors was combined. The device used an ultrasonic sensor, a camera, LED lamps and a speaker for the sound of a siren. The robot assistant works in both offline and manual modes. The device is controlled via a web interface, and the video received by the camera is provided in real time. The wheels of the device can move over any terrain, and the device is designed so that it can move on both sides (under and over).

Objectives: To design a solar based power supply unit that can replace normal power supply in Internet of Things (IoT) devices specifically computers without compromising the efficiency of the devices. It also helps to minimize the ratio of Co2 emission of digital devices which is a big threat now days for environment. Statistical Analysis: Basically, a circuit of DC power supply unit is design for desktop computers. These computers can work on 12 volts DC power supply in green computing environment. Moreover, 5 and 3 volts are generated for initial power and internal components of the computer. Moreover, the statistical analysis is carried out on the bases of energy consumption of the user in Pakistan. Findings: The solar power can save our energy cost up to 208 volts because normal power supply works on 220 volts and new designed power supply can work on 12 volts which are too less than 220. This research work provides a potential technique for green IoT environment. Application: the proposed DC power supply unit will be very helpful to run the IoT components directly on solar systems. Moreover, because of minimum power consumption of IoT it also reduces the carbon emissions that would be good for environment. Keywords: DC Power Supply Unit, Energy Consumption, Green Computing, Internet of Things (IoT), Solar Based Power Supply

Cities with developing economies experience exhausted waste collection services, and inadequately managed and uncontrolled dumpsites; which is an ongoing challenge and many struggles due to weak institutions and rapid urbanization. The purpose of the research is to design and construct a smart garbage disposal system using a two-way power supply unit (that is, the electrical power supply unit and solar power supply unit) based on Arduino Nano that utilizes ATMEGA 328p microcontroller. Two pairs of ultrasonic sensors, the pair that faced upward detects the presence of garbage disposal agent at a close distance of (5 - 50) cm and then opens the lid while the other pair faced the inside of the container senses when the container is filled up and then closes the container until it is emptied are used.

This paper presents the design issues and challenges in the realization of a low cost military grade 250 W AC-DC power supply unit (PSU), used for ground applications. The Power supply is designed to operate on dual power source, viz. battery and single-phase 230VAC, 50 Hz nominal. PSU is intended to deliver a power of 250 W to various communication equipment. Output voltage is tightly regulated at 48 V over a very wide line voltage and load variations. It also continues to supply power during non-availability of AC input power or in case of AC-DC converter failure, by drawing input power from the battery source. Power supply provides protection against input under voltage, over voltage, Output over voltage, Output over current, short circuit, battery input reverse polarity. It also features auto-change over from AC input to Battery supply and vice versa. The product provides a user-friendly display features through LED indications for input AC voltage presence, Battery input presence, Fault indication and output Voltage presence. The PSU housing is made out of milled aluminum, modular in construction for ease of maintenance and repair. The module is conduction cooled, with IP55 environmental protection. Operating temperature is -20°C to +55 °C. The Power supply unit has been designed to meet environmental requirements as per JSS55555, EMI/EMC as per MIL-STD-461E. The paper also provides general guidelines for meeting the quality requirements as per Mil standards.

With the fast development of information technology (IT) industry, the demand and market volume for off-line power supplies keep increasing, especially those for telecommunication, computer servers and data centers. As the capital expenditure was measured by the square footage occupied rather than power consumption, the development of high power density converter system is of greater interesting. The rising energy prices have resulted in the cost of power and cooling exceeding the purchase cost in less than two years. Therefore, highly efficient power conversion is required for the power converter system. Generally, the power supply unit (PSU) for power distribution system (PDS) in data center and telecom are the standard two-stage approach which normally consists of power factor correction (PFC) circuit and isolated DC-DC converter. The two-stage power conversion has demonstrated excellent performance and high reliability, since the design can be optimized for each stage. However, limitations to prevent the existing two-stage PSU to fulfill future requirements for the PDS in data center and telecom applications are revealed, and a very promising and fundamentally different approach with the single-stage isolated converter is proposed in this dissertation. The development of single-stage converters with the option of placing the energy storage outside of the PSU creates new degrees of freedom regarding e.g. simplified rectifier racks in telecom and data center. This provides tangible benefits in the form of space saving, better airflow for power unit in rectifier racks and improved lifespan. The three-phase isolated buck matrix-type rectifier, capable of achieving high power density and high efficiency, is identified as an excellent candidate for the medium power level (5 kW~10 kW) single-stage power supply design. Nevertheless, the matrix-type rectifiers are known for their relatively complex modulation and commutation techniques, and lack of ride-through capability such as the stringent case of one phase loss operation. This dissertation work provides comprehensive study on the commutation method and modulation scheme design for the isolated buck matrix-type rectifier. It aims to analyze the operation principle of the rectifier and propose viable modulation and commutation schemes for this rectifier under both three-phase and single-phase operation. The method is verified by the hardware experiments of the PSUs with high efficiency (> 98%) and high power density (> 70 W/in3 ) for 54 V and 380 VDC applications. The prototypes demonstrated in the experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed modulation and commutation schemes for industry.

Hardware alarms reduction in Radio Base Stations by forecasting Power Supply Units headroom

Magnitogorsk State University has developed a power supply unit for the MK-A/D-01 specialized microcontroller used in the design monitoring systems of complex technological objects. The power supply unit has three output voltages, +5V, +15V, and -15V. Maximum admissible continuous current at the output +5V, -2A, /spl mnplus/15V. with 0.7A. The integrated chip TOP203 forms the basis of the power supply unit.