Multipurpose Street Smart Garbage bin based on Iot

Waste management is one of the vital role of a smart city. Nowadays smart cities are rapidly increase at the same time the pollution rate was also increased highly. So people are doing the things smartly to reduce the pollution. Since the generation of waste is active in nature, it often outcomes in some garbage cans getting overloaded and leaking while other remains almost vacant. An overflowing waste bin cannot only produce pollution but also provide health threats, especially in warm surroundings. Waste management is one of the major issue in our society which would affect predominantly. This project reduces the trash bin waste smartly. The Passive Infrared sensor (PIR) is used to identify the existence with the assistance of motion. The DC Gear motor is used to open and close trash bin by means of rotation and it is placed inside the trash bin. Infrared (IR) sensor is located inside the trash bin which is used to sense the garbage level within its range. If the trash bin is full the buzzer will be on and GSM modem is used to send the message to the respective authority. The trash bin is built with a microcontroller which is interfaced with GSM, PIR sensor, DC gear motor and IR sensor. Once the waste reaches its limits, IR sensor will activate the GSM modem which will aware the involved authority until the trash in the bin is removed. Once these garbage bins are executed on a large level, by replacing our traditional bins present-day it has decrease the pollution level, remove the garbage with investing less time and keep our environment clean. Keyword: PIC16F877A Controller, PIR, Sensor, Microcontroller, GSM Cite this Article: M. Lizzy Nesa Bagyam, S. Mohamed Sameem, R. Nandhagopal, C. Priyanga. Self-Monitoring Automated Route Trashbin. International Journal of Software Computing and Testing. 2019; 5(1): 22–25p.

Introduction: The Government of India initiated the Smart City Mission in 2015 with the aim of comprehensive urban development for 100 cities. Swachh Bharat Mission was also launched nationwide in 2014 with the goal of advancing universal sanitation coverage. Indore was selected as a Smart City; it was also declared the cleanest city in India in 2017 and in 2018 under Swachh Bharat. Indore is also participating in the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) - funded Building Healthy Cities Project, with the objective of improving the health of the city environment. As part of that objective, a closer examination of air pollution levels was conducted. Methodology: Annual average concentrations for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) from three air pollution measuring stations located in Indore's Polo Ground (industrial), Kothari Market (commercial), and Kanodia Road, Vijay Nagar (residential) were analysed for trends during the last five years (2013-2017). For 2017, month-wise data were analysed for seasonal variations. Results: The annual average concentration of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides did not change during the preceding five years. A declining trend was observed at all sites in concentration of PM10 from a range of 118-187 μg/m3 in 2013 to 77-81 μg/m3 in 2017. The PM2.5 concentration was measured only since 2016; 2017 levels were less when compared to the preceding year. Lower values were observed during the rainy season (July to September) for all pollutants. It was observed that, during the period, declining trend for PM10, various interventions were initiated in Indore, including night mechanical sweeping of city roads, free left loop roads to reduce traffic congestion, and an efficient systematic collection and disposal of solid waste. Conclusion: Declining trends of air pollution in particulate matter in Indore is evident, possibly due to various measures taken by the Municipal Corporation and Indore Smart City Mission. Further analysis is needed to understand how these trends can be sustained and how they may impact the respiratory health of Indore citizens.

As of late, it is seen that dustbins set at a different spots like open places, for example, healing centers, instructive Institutes and Industries are flooding. This flooding of refuse canisters make unhygienic condition which can spread the sicknesses .Also fast increment in populace squander offer ascent to inappropriate waste administration. To maintain a strategic distance from this circumstance, we proposed new framework Smart City Garbage Collection and Monitoring System. In the recent decades, Urbanization has increased tremendously. In the meantime there is an expansion in waste creation. Waste management has been a pivotal issue to be considered. This paper is a way to deal with achieve this incredible inspiration. In this paper, smart bin is built on a microcontroller based platform Raspberry pi Uno board which is interfaced with GSM modem and Ultrasonic sensor and also the weight Sensor which is used for calculating the weight of the dustbins. The weight sensor is placed at the bottom of the dustbins which will measure the weight of the dustbins and also The Ultrasonic sensor is placed at the top of the dustbin which will read the status of the dustbin. The threshold limit is set as 10cm. Raspberry will be programmed in such a way that when the dustbin is being filled, the remaining height from the threshold height will be displayed. When the junk achieves the limit level ultrasonic sensor will trigger the GSM modem which will persistently caution the required expert until the trash in the dustbin is squashed. As indicated by the area, expert will sends the message to the separate administrator; waste vehicle can gather the refuse, which is finished with the assistance of robot component.

To enhance awareness of environmental cleanliness and prevent the spread of diseases or viruses, it is sometimes necessary to employ unique methods to attract people's interest, thereby encouraging them to dispose of waste properly. Traditional trash bins generally require manual operation to open and close, which can be inconvenient for users and increase interaction between people and the trash bin. Moreover, manual trash bins often struggle to manage waste when they are full. This research, conducted by Institut Teknologi Nasional, offers a solution by designing a smart trash bin based on Arduino Uno, utilizing the HC-SR04 or ultrasonic sensors, a servo motor, and a buzzer or speaker. In this smart trash bin, the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor is used to detect distance, while the servo motor functions to open and close the lid. The buzzer or speaker provides notifications when the lid is about to open or when the trash bin is full.

Abstract: Garbage collection and segregation are among the biggest problems in today's world across the globe. This work proposed a System that helps clean waste and eases people in daily life. This system, proposed by Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, is an intelligent waste segregator bin embedded with many applications. The system relies on an "Ultrasonic sensor, Calorimetric sensor, LED, Arduino, programming language and some hardware used." The invention is quite innovative and advantageous. A gist of the system mainly uses two divided sections for the segregation of bio and non-biodegradable wastes. Arduino has been used to save the coding of the system. Hence, the system helps us maintain and reduce garbage levels and can be proven a blessing in the waste management. The patent office of India has patented the proposed innovation, application number 202111006039, 12th Feb 2021, and copyright has been granted from the copyright office, India, on the design of the proposal having registration number L-104358/2021 dated 10th June 2021.

Public transportation is a major part of developing an advanced and modern city. Progress in public transportation is needed to be planned and realized to deal with the development of the city together with population and economic growth. The use of the Trans Metro Pekanbaru bus transportation is not in line with the development and progress of the City of Pekanbaru, which wants to be a smart city, where the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) needs to be realized in building smart cities and currently the use of the Trans Metro Pekanbaru bus in Pekanbaru is still becoming a problem. it needs to be resolved like the Trans Metro Pekanbaru bus lane which still uses a shared lane which causes congestion and lack of good traffic regulations. Trans Metro Pekanbaru bus transportation is still weak in terms of arrival and departure times. Trans metro Pekanbaru has not yet been integrated in a system that can be monitored centrally through the application of an application system based on the Global Positioning System (GPS). To overcome this problem, it is necessary to have the Trans Metro Pekanbaru bus transportation in the form of a prototype line follower robot which is a solution to overcome this problem. The purpose of this research is to make the line follower robot as a trans-metro silmulation bus for Pekanbaru become a smart city that is able to serve and facilitate the public's need for public transportation towards the industrial revolution 4.0. Line follower robot is a robot that works by following a line in the form of a road such as a traffic lane, where the robot works using photodiode sensors and ultrasonic sensors as proximity sensors so that it stops automatically at every stop or place where passengers rise and fall. Line follower robots are automatically controlled so programming code and fuzzy algorithms are needed. Line follower robots are also equipped with Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) to determine passenger conditions.

Suko Village is a village located in Sukodono District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java Province with the majority of the livelihood being self-employed and partly formal workers. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on jobs and masked waste. Employment income decreased and mask waste increased. The problem of mask waste afflicts the people of Suko Village. because of the lack of skills and knowledge possessed in the use of mask waste, the people of Suko Village cannot process a lot of mask waste. Meanwhile, for domestic waste management activities, both sporting and collecting waste, it is very embedded and cultured as well as committed in terms of managing the environment. Residents of RT 1 RW 1 Suko Village have participated in the collection of waste that still has a sale value. However, it is not optimal because temporary trash bins are always alkaline exposed to rainwater, and are not neat in the collection, which can affect the selling value of a waste product itself. The purpose of this activity is to use mask waste into a modified and applicable trash bin to be a supportive place for storing waste that has a selling value. In the implementation of this activity, several stages are carried out, namely planning, preparation, and implementation (training, product manufacture, and application use). The planning stage is an explanation of the design of the garbage bin. The preparation stage is the socialization of the benefits of the garbage bin. The implementation stage is conducting training in making garbage bins from masks. The mask waste goes through a chemical and physical sterilization process before use and changes its shape. Next is the activity evaluation stage. By using these 2 units of garbage bins, we were able to reduce the number of masks waste by 128 pieces of used masks. Each of these trash bins has a capacity of 0.16 m3. Storage conditions in dry and neat conditions increased sales of used bottles and paper by 14.5% from the previous month for bottles and cardboard.

India produces maize on a larger scale. Lack of maize processing machine is major challenge for maize industries. This paper reflects about the main idea of designing and fabricating a maize separator. Components used to model the proposed threshing machine are arduino board, relay, threshing cylinder, spike disc, ultrasonic sensor, power regenerating unit and power supply unit. Here, we have represented a new concept of power regeneration using arduino board. Presently, till now according to our literature survey, arduino based maize separator machine is not commercially available. The proposed design can able to work with good stability, continuously for longer time period, without harming the maize kernel.

Objectives: In India, the frequency of traffic collisions is among the highest in the world. Most of the accidents are due to blind spots which cannot be directly observed by the driver at control. The paper proposes a collision avoidance system due to blind spots and in the case of heavy traffic scenarios. Methods: The proposed system avoids collision in blind spot and in heavy traffic and does not follow the path of preceding vehicle if the space between detector (Our Vehicle) and host vehicle is in proximity. For implementation of the system, Arduino boards and other drivers along with ultrasonic sensor are used and ZigBee is used for data communication between two nodes. Findings: The Blind Spot Detection (BSD) procedure based on wireless detecting technique ZigBee is proposed to monitor the blind spot region for the presence of interferences, automobiles, or other objects with the aid of ultrasonic sensor. For detecting the vehicles in blind spot, Neural Fuzzy Logic is used for the proposed system. The connection models for the developed system is identified and proposed. The paper also discusses about the advantages of ZigBee over other wireless technologies. The Wireless Technology identified is ZigBee which will lower the wiring connection in the vehicles. Applications: This method is useful to avoid collision in blind spot and also lowered the wiring connection in the vehicles by using ZigBee. Hence, the proposed system discovers its application in real time and gives collision free environment. The system is evaluated for different driving scenarios and results are discussed. Keywords: Blind Spot Detection, Collision-Avoidance System, ZigBee Pair

Throughout this modernization world, the demands on Internet of Thing keep increasing. Most mailbox or pigeon hole are designed with poor efficiency system and commonly suffer from some possible flaws such as manually checking the letter by the user. The main problem of this project is to improve the existing pigeonhole system. In the case of staff at School of Computer and Communication System, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, each academic staff has been allocated a pigeon hole for any letters or memos from within or inter faculty. Unfortunately, the current conventional pigeon hole system is unable to inform and notify the staff on any urgent letter and this lead to significant delay in responding the letter. The main weakness of the current system is that staffs need to check their respective pigeon hole every day. However, due to the routine commitment or unforeseen circumstances the pigeon hole cannot be possibly checked every day. Hence, to fulfil this requirement, this project named as Smart Electronic Pigeon Hole System is introduced in order to make the pigeon hole more efficient. The purpose of this project is to design a smart electronic pigeon hole system with some detecting sensors such as infrared and ultrasonic sensors. Wi-Fi module acts as a tool to communicate via email between pigeonhole’s system and its owner. Arduino board is used to be programmed in such a way to process the sensors when detecting the upcoming document or letters and to continuously check the status of capacity of the pigeon hole. This project work with the administrative staff, who collected the documents from the post center, will entered and select the designated number of the pigeon hole users. Infrared sensors, located at the front, will detect the upcoming documents or letters. Ultrasonic sensor will detect the fullness of the letter in the pigeon hole. When there is arriving of document or letters, the user will get the notification email. The user will also get the warning notification email when their pigeon hole is full with documents. Red LED will light on when the capacity of the pigeon hole is full. The sensor will continually sense the condition of the pigeon hole as long as the system is activated. This project is suitable for the staff or the apartment residents as it has the capability to alert the user when there is a letter to prevent the urgent letter’s being ignored.

The proposed optimized SMART MOBILE TOILET is an innovative sanitation model which is based on emerging technologies (Automation and Sensors based monitoring), Renewable integration (PV Pumps & Solar panels) and provides for efficient Waste management techniques. It is an interdisciplinary research model which is designed keeping in view of the national flagship programs like “Swachh Bharat”, ”Swasth Bharat” and “Make In India”. It involves continual and unmanned operations of the toilets, hygienic facilities, automated doors, remote monitoring through SMT App and provides for a self sustainable ecosystem. Basically, the project’s goal is to Create “Smart Slums” or “Smart Villages” just like Smart cities. This working model focuses on self-sustainability, energy efficiency, hygienic factors, water and land resources conservation, Maximum Power Point Tracking.

Garbage has always been a problem in Indonesia. One root is the lack interest in throwing them in their proper place. Additionally, the waste that has been disposed is not managed properly. In response to it, the authors designed a trash bin as a Reverse Vending Machine (RVM) with the ability to detect bottles and cans and provide rewards for the person. The machine was able to detect bottles by using the TCRT5000 sensor and cans by using an inductive proximity sensor. Both trashes were also sorted to a specific trash bin directly, and the reward was calculated directly based on the total of bottles and cans put into it. A push button can be pressed to print out the ticket, but it would decline the request when there is no bottles or cans input. In addition, ultrasonic sensors were installed to automatically check the trash bins of the RVM, and LEDs were used to notify the user whether the trash bin of the bottles or cans were already full or not. After 24 attempts of testing, the successful rate was found to be 100%.

Smart Waste Management (SWM) system is a waste management system that tracks the status of fill level of trash bins equipped with ultrasonic sensors and tracks GPS-equipped trash collection trucks. The problems identified are the overflowing trash bins especially in public areas with high population density and the complaints from the residents or public complaints regarding the punctuality of trash collection trucks. The objectives of the project are to design a Smart Waste Management (SWM) system based on Bootstrap platform, develop the system and test its functionality in fulfilling the requirements of the project. The methodological approach selected in this project is the waterfall methodology in which it comprises of four crucial phases: planning and analysis, system design, system implementation and system testing whereby each phase must be completed systematically prior to the commencement of subsequent phase. It is expected that the Smart Waste Management (SWM) system would be able to fulfill all of the project's objectives. This system is aimed to address the problems of overflowing trash bins and public complaints on trash collection trucks. The development of this system brings a huge significance in which operators would be able to know which trash bins require immediate collection and request for immediate dispatch by collection trucks. This method is seen to be more efficient compared to routine collection. Operators would also be able to track the relevant dispatch trucks through this convenient system.

PurposeThe purpose of this research work is to design and apply LabVIEW in the area of traffic maintenance and flow, by introducing improvements in the smart city. The objective is to introduce the automated human–machine interface (HMI) – a computer-based graphical user interface (GUI) – for measuring the traffic flow and detecting faults in poles.Design/methodology/approachThis research paper is based on the use of LabVIEW for designing the HMI for a traffic system in a smart city. This includes considerable measures that are: smart flow of traffic, violation detection on the signal, fault measurement in the traffic pole, locking down of cars for emergency and measuring parameters inside the cars.FindingsIn this paper, the GUIs and the required circuitry for making improvements in the infrastructure of traffic systems have been designed and proposed, with their respective required hardware. Several measured conditions have been discussed in detail.Research limitations/implicationsPJRC Teensy 3.1 has been used because it contains enough general-purpose input–output (GPIO) pins required for monitoring parameters that are used for maintaining the necessary flow of traffic and monitor the proposed study case. A combination of sensors such as infrared, accelerometer, magnetic compass, temperature sensor, current sensors, ultrasonic sensor, fingerprint readers, etc. are used to create a monitoring environment for the application. Using Teensy and LabVIEW, the system costs less and is effective in terms of performance.Practical implicationsThe microprocessor board shields for placing actuators and sensors and for attaching the input/output (I/O) to the LED indicators and display have been designed. A circuitry for scaling voltage, i.e. making sensor readings to read limits, has been designed. A combination of certain sensors, at different signals, will lead to a secure and more durable control of traffic. The proposed applications with its hardware and software cost less, are effective and can be easily used for making the city’s traffic services smart. For alarm levels, the desired alarm level can be set from the front panel for certain conditions from the monitoring station. For this, virtual channels can be created for allowing the operator to set any random value for limits. If the sensor value crosses the alarm value, then the corresponding alarm displays an alert. The system works by using efficient decision-making techniques and stores the data along with the corresponding time of operation, for future decisions.Originality/valueThis study is an advanced research of its category because it combines the field of electrical engineering, computer science and traffic systems by using LabVIEW.

The most significant issue in cities is garbage collection. The average amount of waste a person produces daily rises as the population grows, creating severe waste management issues. Any municipality's most pressing issues are bin status monitoring, locating the shortest route, and vehicle costs. The problem's consequences result in inadequate waste monitoring and management procedures. An effective garbage collection system that periodically measures the amount of garbage in the bins is used to solve these issues. The shortest route can be determined using this bin's status. The vehicle only went to the places where the bins in the city are full. The Wi-Fi module will transmit all of the information to the municipality. The main objective of the proposed work is to create a flexible application that dynamically solve the issue of late bin clearance, poor management of bins etc. The path selection is made by using the Travelling Salesman Algorithm in the Dynamic programming approach. The sensor network is utilized to gather information regarding the garbage contents in the bins and remotely trigger the request for a cleaning process using the Internet of Things. The internet is connected with microcontroller hardware using a Node-MCU device, or ESP8266, a small internet-supporting module that works as a plug-and-play module to any microcontroller. The primary objective of this system is to send information to the municipality and the mobile application regarding the status of the bin, the minimum cost path, the total travel distance, and the kind of vehicle required. This system aims to shorten travel time, save money on diesel and human resources for garbage collection, and improve waste collection and monitoring.