Beyond Technological Optimism: Why Legacy and Digital Journalism Converge in Protest Coverage

Going Dark

The Qatari media system is emerging rapidly to cater for the rapid socio-economic change and sustainable development the country is witnessing since its independence in December 18th, 1997. Since the accession of H.H Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa AI Thani to the reins of the country, the media have been promoting freedom, democracy and social change. Qatari media are fostering Arab and Islamic heritage and morals as well as national, Arab and Islamic causes. Established in 1971, Qatar continues to undergo a period of intense socio-economic change. Although Qatar is a small nation in terms of area (4,416 sq mi) and population (2,116,400), it has one of the best media infrastructure in the region for press, broadcast, and electronic media. The country has four dailies in Arabic, three in English, and more than two hundred magazines of both general and specialized interest. Qatar also has several satellite television channels and radio stations, as well as the famous Al Jazeera network and be INSPORTS channels. I...

An increasing number of workers turn to digital platforms – such as Fiverr, Freelancer, and Upwork – as an alternative to traditional work arrangements. Digital platforms govern how gig workers join, move through, and leave platforms – often with the help of self-learning algorithms. While digital platforms and algorithms take on HRM practices, we know little about how HRM activities unfold on digital work platforms in the gig economy. The study therefore aims to understand how HRM activities apply to and take shape on digital platforms by studying worker perceptions. We combine supervised text analysis with an in-depth qualitative content analysis, relying on 12’924 scraped comments from an online forum of workers on Upwork. We outline five conversations on HRM practices that pertain to access and mobility, training and development, scoring and feedback, appraisal and control and platform literacy and support. Based on these findings, we build five propositions about how digital work platforms employ HRM activities. Our paper contributes to recent work on HRM on digital platforms by (1) developing a new mixed-methods approach that illustrates how the content of HRM practices may differ from traditional organizations, (2) highlighting the changing role of actors in creating HRM practices by introducing the concept of ‘crowd-created’ HRM practices, and (3) conceptualizing how digital platforms employ a ‘hybrid HRM approach’.

General Background : This study explores how teachers can leverage digital platforms to create relevant and engaging learning in the digital era. Specific Background : The research focuses on the integration of digital tools and platforms, which have become a core part of modern life. Knowledge Gap : While digital tools are widespread, there is a need to understand how teachers can effectively use these platforms to meet the unique learning needs of students in a digital-first environment. Aims : This study employs a qualitative literature review and content analysis to identify patterns and draw conclusions on the effective use of digital platforms in education. Results : The findings indicate that digitalization has significantly transformed education through various platforms that make learning more engaging and accessible for students. Novelty : This research provides a structured analysis of how existing digital platforms can be utilized to transform teaching methods, offering a new framework for creating engaging and relevant learning experiences. Implications : The study implies that by effectively integrating digital platforms, teachers can better cater to the needs of modern students, fostering a more interactive and creative learning environment. Highlights : The use of digital platforms transforms learning, making it more engaging and accessible for students. The research utilizes a qualitative literature review and content analysis to find patterns and draw conclusions. The main goal is to explore how teachers can use digital platforms to create relevant and engaging learning experiences in the digital era. Keywords : Digital Platforms, Education, Teacher Strategies, Learning, Digital Era

The purpose of this study is to determine pre-service mathematics teachers’ views on digital learning platforms, the extent to which these platforms are integrated into teaching and assessment processes, the usability of digital learning platforms in teaching and assessment processes, pre-service mathematics teachers’ thoughts on the contributions of digital learning platforms to mathematics education and the problems they encounter when using digital learning platforms. This study is important in terms of helping to determine the necessary strategies and educational policies to support the integration of digital learning platforms into teaching and assessment processes, understanding the potential of digital learning platforms in mathematics teaching and identifying important considerations for improving teaching practices. It also aims to contribute to finding solutions to the problems encountered. In the context of 21st-century skills, including technological skills and digital literacy, it is important to determine pre-service mathematics teachers’ knowledge levels about these skills during their professional preparation process and to reveal their opinions about digital learning platforms, which are considered to play a significant role in developing these skills in middle school students. In this research, a case study design, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The study group consists of 68 fourth-year students from the elementary mathematics teaching program at the faculties of education of state universities located in Aydın, Denizli and Kars. Data for the study were collected through a semi-structured interview form consisting of 8 open-ended questions. The data obtained from the data collection process were analyzed using content analysis, a qualitative analysis method. According to the findings of the research, pre-service mathematics teachers prefer the question-and-answer technique the most in teaching. They define digital learning platforms as web-based/online environments and use platforms such as GeoGebra/Desmos and Educational Informatics Network. These pre-service teachers integrate digital learning platforms into teaching and assessment processes and use these platforms because they are engaging and enjoyable. They decide on the platform selection based on the subject and learning outcomes. Additionally, they state that digital platforms are useful in visualizing abstract concepts. However, internet and infrastructure inadequacies are expressed as significant obstacles in the use of digital platforms.

Eugenia Siapera and Andreas Veglis (Eds.). The Handbook of Global Online Journalism. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. 528 pp.Few would dispute that new information and communication technology (ICT) is reshaping the pattern of global news consumption. According to Pew's survey Trends in News Consumption: 1991-2012 (http://tinyurl.com/8r5v7rs), for example, search- ing for news online and from digital sources continues to grow. About one-half (46 percent) of Americans say they get news online days a week or more, with about one-third (32 percent) going online for news every day.Meanwhile Internet-based ICT is also reformatting news production. Online news outlets appear to become increasingly mainstream, supplanting the media, particularly newspapers. This trend can be seen partially from the peer recogni- tion of professional achievements in online journalism. In 2010, for instance, inves- tigative journalist at ProPublica and a cartoonist at SFGate.com, the San Francisco Chronicle's online portal, won Pulitzer Prizes for online-only editorial content for the first time in history. It is fair to say that such trends that is experiencing today have been restructuring the curriculum in education and training in higher education institutions. Although course titles vary among web, digital, interac- tive, multimedia, convergence, and the like, traditional education units have embraced the change, and more than one hundred digital/multimedia programs are offered across this country as of 2012 (http://www.mulinblog.com/ multimedia-journalism-programs/). The Handbook of Global Online Journalism, in this context, offers a timely option for students who want to keep themselves current with the online new media landscape, as well as for instructors who try to strike a fine balance between teaching theories and introducing cutting-edge practices concerning the gathering, production, dissemination, and consumption of news through Internet- based platforms globally.This edited volume features a collection of twenty-five chapters from researchers and practitioners who examine a variety of aspects related to online journalism, includ- ing theories, politics, production, practices, contents, and global contexts. The first highlight of this book is the editors' introduction that surveys the evolution of online journalism, relevant research, and theoretical strands. Borrowing ideas from the evolu- tion theory, Siapera and Veglis use the extinction and mutation of dinosaurs as a meta- phor to depict the development of online and help readers better understand the interaction between the ICT-driven changes in media environment and the advance of the modality of journalism.Trying to draw a holistic picture of the evolution of online journalism, the editors start by presenting an instructive analogy with the current fate of some of the many species of journalism (p. 2) and put forward three evolutionary possibilities (p. 4). For the first possibility, according to the editors, newspapers and print in general seem to be fading out like dinosaurs if they do not adapt to the dramatic changes taking place in mass media. Meanwhile, the main traits, values, or defining characteristics of journalism (p. 3), such as public service, objectivity, autonomy, and journalistic ethics, need to be reinterpreted through online news production against sociopolitical, economic, and technological changes. Second, traditional strives to survive by actively embracing new attributes of Internet-based communica- tion to revamp the production of news for online platforms. The particular character- istics, such as multimediality, interactivity, user-generated content, and personalization (p. 4), although not seen in traditional news production, make online fit naturally into the new media ecosystem. Then, mutation becomes possible as a higher level of evolution of online journalism. …

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book analyses keywords and citations across all issues of Digital Journalism to identify the dominant themes, degrees of diversity and interdisciplinarity, as well as biases and blind spots. It argues that digital journalism takes its meaning from both practice and rhetoric. The book presents the classic “5Ws and 1H” framework for understanding digital journalism. It focuses on the importance of the social as reference to the rise of social media or news platforms that are “born digital”. The book offers a distinct contrast to Waisbord’s emphasis on the revolutionary changes in social and public life. It suggests that transformation offers a way forward for Digital Journalism Studies to encompass how the news media ecology is being reconstituted by mobile technology, social media, and other digital platforms.

Taking a qualitative approach based on original case studies, this book offers a detailed overview of the contemporary media system in Malta. Three Maltese news organisations are examined to understand the editorial routines, ownership and management structures, and social and cultural factors that affect the day-to-day business of creating news. In-depth interviews with key stakeholders of each organisation are conducted alongside qualitative textual analysis of the content they publish. Contrary to previous research, the work finds that advocacy continues to dominate Maltese journalism, indicating that the country has retained similarities to other media systems within its geographic region. While recognising that the gold standard in journalism is judged to be objectivity and balance, a case is made for a responsible, measured form of advocacy journalism to extend media diversity and contribute to a high level of national political engagement. Presenting an informed case for the need to pay closer attention to small states, especially at a time when many countries are seen to be becoming increasingly socially and politically divided, The Construction of News in a Polarised State is an insightful text for scholars and academics in the fields of media and communication studies, political science, and sociology.

News organizations have a long history of covering civil rights protests in delegitimizing ways, and scholars have found that this coverage negatively affects public opinion. However, most media effects work has minimized the perspectives of Black people, and little is known about how racial identity might affect how protest coverage is perceived. We both survey (n = 1,052) and interview (n = 27) Black Americans to provide a rich understanding and interpretation of how they see and experience media coverage and how that influences them. We contribute to the literature by showing that Black Americans are dissatisfied with how news media cover their communities and covers protests, and they feel this coverage reifies harmful stereotypes and perpetuates invisibility politics.

Let's face it: We're all Web journalists now. You might be working for a newspaper or magazine, a television or radio outlet, but your story is still likely to end up on the Web as well as in its original medium. You or your publication may even provide supplemental material that appears only on the Web—say, a behind-the-scenes notebook, an interactive graphic, or a blog. Or you might even be a journalist whose work appears almost exclusively on the Web—like me. I worked at daily newspapers for 19 years before joining MSNBC, a combined Web/television news organization. So I still tend to think of the Web as an online newspaper, with a lot of text, some pictures, and a few extra twists. But with the passage of time, online journalism is gradually coming into its own—just as TV started out as radio with pictures, but soon became a distinct news medium. To my mind, the principles of online journalism—having to do with fairness, accuracy, and completeness—are the same as the principles of off-line journalism. But the medium does shape the message, as well as the qualities that each medium considers most important. Wire-service reporters value getting the story out fast; newspapers value exclusive sources; magazines value in-depth coverage; radio and TV look for sounds and pictures that will help tell the story. All these factors are important for the Web as well, but one thing makes online journalism unique: Web writers are looking for ways to tell the story using software. Let's take a closer look at how one multimedia story unfolded, then get into how the tools and toys of the trade can be used in your own work. News coverage of space shuttle launches and landings usually follows a familiar routine: From MSNBC's West Coast newsroom in Redmond, Washington, I would update the landing-day story continuously, starting with the de-orbit burn, just as a wire service reporter might do. On February 1, 2003, however, the shuttle's landing was scheduled for a Saturday morning, one of the lightest times of the week for Web traffic.

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Online commenters play an increasing role in online journalism, adding content and commentary, but their role as participants in journalism is in flux as some professionals diminish the commenter role and push to delegitimize their content. This textual analysis and ethnography considers the state of the relationship between the journalist and the commenter in the journalism field broadly, as well as at one news organization. The analysis relies on boundary work, field theory, and gatekeeping in understanding how the commenter and journalist negotiate appropriate roles for one another. The textual analysis included 77 articles published about online commenting over a three-year period and the ethnographic analysis included studying one news organization by spending 90 hours in the newsroom, conducting 16 interviews, and collecting more than 8,000 comments for analysis. This study found that journalists negotiate the boundaries of the field to keep the commenter at a distance, perceive the commenter as a force for the transformation of the professional field, and adopt practices to keep the commenter from influencing professional content and the credibility of the organization. These findings suggest that journalists have used negative perceptions of online commenters to publicly shame the worst actors and institute new inhibitive practices in response, rather than seeing the commenter as a potential collaborator to professional journalism.

This study explores whether recent technological changes in journalism have confirmed traditional gender segregation or created new gender divides. Our first research question focuses on the representation of male and female journalists in online and cross-media journalism that has emerged in the increasingly converged media landscape. Our second question looks at digital tools and explores whether social media are used differently by male and female journalists. In five-year intervals, we conducted a longitudinal survey (2003, 2008, 2013) in which all active journalists in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium were invited to participate. The response rate was 45% in 2003 (1026 journalists), 31% in 2008 (682 journalists) and 33% in 2013 (751 journalists). Our findings show that women are underrepresented in online and cross-media journalism: female journalists work for fewer websites compared to male journalists and produce less content for different media sectors. The traditional forms of gender segregation were reflected in online journalism. Female journalists also used fewer microblogs, such as Twitter, to disseminate information.

There are many controversial aspects of today's media system, and this captivating encyclopedia examines the most significant of the topics currently being debated. Arranged alphabetically, approximately 100 entries cover background, definitions, notable programs, significant media events and their historical significance, and important future trends. Issues from sexuality to sensationalism, from surveillance to tabloid news, are covered here in an incisive and informative manner. Coverage of on-going developments and new media technologies combine with the work's timely subject matter to make this an especially relevant set. Some of the topics covered include: Al-Jazeera; anonymous sources; the blogosphere; CNN, Fox, MSNBC, and cable talk; celebrity worship; censorship; conglomeration and media monopolies; fear-mongering; google books; homogenization; independent cinema; the iTunes effect; obscenity/indecency; leaks and national security; online pornography; politics and internet journalism; privacy & surveillance; product placement; propoganda; tabloid news; videogames; and violence. Entries also include further reading sources. There are many controversial aspects of today's media system, and this captivating encyclopedia examines the most significant topics currently being debated. Arranged alphabetically, approximately 100 entries cover background, definitions, notable programs, significant media events and their historical significance, and important future trends. Issues from sexuality to sensationalism, from surveillance to tabloid news, are covered here in an incisive and informative manner. Coverage of on-going developments and new media technologies combine with the work's timely subject matter to make this an especially relevant set. Entries contain an array of thoughtful perspectives on current controversies, and allow readers to formulate their own conclusions. Topics include: Al-Jazeera; anonymous sources; the blogosphere; CNN, Fox, MSNBC, and cable talk; celebrity worship; censorship; conglomeration and media monopolies; fear-mongering; google books; homogenization; independent cinema; the iTunes effect; obscenity/indecency; leaks and national security; online pornography; politics and internet journalism; privacy & surveillance; product placement; propoganda; tabloid news; videogames; and violence. Entries also include further reading sources.

Mediatization of development in sub Saharan Africa: insights from Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC), ‘Mahibere Kidusan’ magazine, Ethiopia

This chapter sketches out a possible way to green film festival studies, more precisely to seek out a new theoretical framework and accompanying methodologies that may address issues regarding, say, energy use, carbon footprint of related air travel and waste more adequately.Earlier attempts via the "new materialism" scholarship prove useful but require adaptation and the integration of aspects of the growing field of environmental media studies.Our recent experience of the COVID-19 global pandemic and the response to virtualise film festivals prompts questions concerning energy use by digital video streaming platforms and their respective energy sources.The chapter analyses and evaluates possible theoretical approaches offered by environmental media studies with suggestions on moving forward.