Blockchain-Based Attendance System Using Hyperledger Fabric 2.5 And Ubuntu 24.04

Introduction: Although blockchain technology and smart contracts are garnering attention in various sectors, their applications and familiarity within the realm of radiology remain largely unexplored. Blockchain, a decentralized digital ledger technology, offers secure, transparent, and resilient data management by distributing the verification process across a network of independent entities. This decentralized technology presents a possible solution for a range of healthcare challenges, from secure data transfer to automated verification processes. To address such challenges in the context of medical imaging, blockchain could provide different approaches, including smart contracts, machine learning algorithms, and the secure dissemination of large files among key stakeholders such as patients, healthcare providers, and institutions. This manuscript aims to explore the current attitudes and perspectives of trainees and radiologists to the utilization of blockchain technology and smart contracts in clinical radiology. Additionally, the study provides an in-depth analysis of the potential applications for incorporating blockchain into radiology.Methods: After obtaining The George Washington University Committee on Human Research Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, we conducted a 10-question survey among radiologists and trainees at several institutions and private practices. Surveys were created via the Google Forms application and were emailed to potential participants. Participants were asked about their current academic level (medical student, resident/fellow, academic radiologist, private practice radiologist, others), their knowledge level about the field of imaging informatics and blockchain and smart contract technologies, their level of interest in learning more about blockchain and smart contracts, and their opinion about possible applications of blockchain and smart contract in the future of medical imaging.Results: A total of 118 survey requests were distributed; 83 were returned, reflecting a 70.3% overall response rate. Of these, 19 were sent to private practices with a 15.8% response rate (3/19), and 99 to academic centers, yielding an 80.8% response rate (80/99). The survey respondents demonstrated a strong interest and need to further understand these technologies among radiologists and trainees. This study focuses on key components of this technology as it relates to healthcare and the practice of radiology, including data storage, patient care, secure communication, and automation, as well as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis.Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate and establish a baseline for the current perspectives on the application of blockchain technology and smart contracts in clinical radiology amongst trainees and radiologists across academic and private settings. Incorporating blockchain and smart contracts technologies into the field of radiology has the potential to achieve greater efficiency, security, and patient empowerment. However, the adoption of this technology comes with challenges, such as infrastructure, interoperability, scalability, and regulatory compliance. Collaboration between radiologists, hospital administration, policymakers, technology developers, and patient advocacy organizations will help guide and advance our understanding of the potential applications of blockchain and smart contracts in radiology and healthcare.

A Service Level Agreement (SLA) establishes the trustworthiness of service providers and consumers in several domains; including the Internet of Things (IoT). Given the proliferation of Blockchain technology, we find it compelling to reconsider the assumption of trust and centralised governance typically practised in SLA management including monitoring, compliance assessment, and penalty enforcement. Therefore, we argue that, such critical tasks should be operated by blockchain-based smart contracts in a non-repudiable manner beyond the influence of any SLA party. This paper envisions an IoT scenario wherein a firefighting station outsources end-to-end IoT operations to a specialised service provider. The contractual relationship between them is governed by an SLA which stipulates a set of quality requirements and violation consequences. The main contribution of this paper lies in designing, deploying and empirically experimenting a novel blockchain-based SLA monitoring and compliance assessment framework in the context of IoT. This is done by utilising Hyperledger Fabric (HLF), an enterprise-grade blockchain technology. Our work highlights a set of considerations and best practice at two sides, the IoT application monitoring-side and the blockchain-side. Moreover, it experimentally validates the reliability of the proposed monitoring approach, which collects relevant metrics from each IoT component and examines them against the quality requirements stated in the SLA. Finally, we propose a novel design for smart contracts at the blockchain-side, analyse and benchmark the performance, and demonstrate that the new design proves to successfully handle Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) conflicts typically encountered in blockchain applications, while maintaining sound throughput and latency.

A smart contract is a program running on a blockchain platform. Smart devices send data to smart contracts or change their own status based on smart contracts. Businesses want to use smart devices and smart contracts to streamline workflow because smart contracts reduce the need in trusted intermediators and cut down enforcement costs. However, developing smart contract applications is challenging due to different memory models, different interaction models, and a dearth of supporting tools and libraries. When developers are asked to reimplement conventional applications to smart contracts, it is thus ideal to automatically transform them, avoiding manual labor, as well as ensuring reliability and security. This paper contributes a set of rules to transform conventional applications in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern into smart contracts running on Hyperledger Fabric, a blockchain platform preferred by businesses. Major transformations are performed in the model, while in the controller, model calls are replaced by smart contract calls. The source application and the target smart contract are all written in Java. Our rules add read-your-writes consistency that Hyperledger Fabric does not natively support. Runtime pre- and post-condition checking in the original application is supported in the transformed smart contract. We evaluated our rules on CoCoME and other MVC applications, and all code ran correctly and passed unit tests.

Permissioned blockchain networks ensure safety and reliability by employing blockchain’s fundamental tenets, including the distributed ledger, smart contracts, and consensus. There is a potential for data privacy violations in the existing condition of patient data interchange across healthcare organizations if there is a lack of mutual trust. The introduction of blockchain technology has made it possible for healthcare providers to confidently share patient medical records. To ensure the safe and reliable transfer of patient information, a permission blockchain network built on the Hyperledger Fabric framework is proposed and implemented between patents and medical institutions. Blockchain’s effective management of EHRs is made possible by a Hyper Ledger Fabric network. Results from live deployments demonstrate that inaccuracies in data sharing between healthcare providers (such as hospitals, clinics, and public health agencies) are eliminated by using a blockchain based on the Hyperledger fabric. The accessibility of the network allows for the prompt, secure, and legally compliant transfer of patient information across organizations. By using smart contracts as chain code, the blockchain has enabled transparent and secure data exchanges while controlling access to private patient health information. Results indicate Hyper Ledger Fabric provides excellent functionality, security, and transaction privacy.

The innovation that has had the best effect on our ways of life in the course of the most recent decade is Blockchain. The key feature of blockchain is the secure storage of data in encrypted block chains that have a distributed database that processes a growing list of transactions. This makes the blockchain incredibly impervious to unapproved changes to put away information. In this paper, the study to get a brief idea about the platforms of blockchain and explore what exactly is Hyperledger Fabric and also understand the steps of working with Hyperledger fabric and Hyperledger Composer. While hyperledger composer is a set of tools, APIs for modeling, building and distributing a blockchain corporate network. The Hyperledger fabric is an implementation of the blockchain framework for developing solutions with a modular architecture. The composer runs on hyperledger fabric. It is a framework to accelerate the development of applications based on Hyperledger Fabric.To create a Simple Commodity Blockchain with Hyperledger Composer.

Blockchain technology is a forefront innovation that drives multi-user data accessibility with patient ownership, traceability, transparency, security, and privacy protection. However, optimizing blockchain latency and its relationship with security remains underexplored in health data management. This study aims to optimize security and latency in healthcare data management through a novel Blockchain-based framework. The objectives include: (1) developing an innovative EMR management architecture that integrates key stakeholders using Blockchain and smart contracts, (2)creating a multi-objective optimization model for Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain in medical health management, and (3)implementing and evaluating advanced optimization techniques using block Size and consensusLevels as key decision variables. This study bridges the gap by proposing a novel methodology that integrates the Hyperledger Fabric framework with smart contracts to optimize security and storage in health data systems. A key contribution of this research is the development of a multi-objective optimization model employing two advanced non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms, NSGA-II and NSGA-III, to configure system parameters such as blockSize and consensusLevels. Evaluation results show that NSGA-II outperforms NSGA-III, achieving 50% higher Hyper-volume and five distinct non-dominated solutions compared to two, demonstrating its superior ability to balance conflicting objectives and provide optimal configurations. The proposed framework tackles critical challenges in health data interoperability, privacy, and security while ensuring robust, patient-centric data management. By enabling multi-user access, enhanced security, and optimized storage, this work advances Blockchain’s role in healthcare and positions the industry for the Digital Health era. Future work will expand objectives and enable real-time deployment.

A consortium of organizations collaborates and exchanges information to create synergies in their operations. Centralized systems of file-sharing cannot provide distributed trust and transparency. Blockchain technology can be used to share files securely and transparently.This paper proposes a blockchain-based inter-organizational secure file-sharing system. It can be used by a consortium of organizations to securely exchange files in a distributed fashion. Hyperledger Fabric, an enterprise blockchain framework, is used for blockchain network setup and the development of smart contracts. The Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) is used for storing files in a distributed way. The paper provides the workflow for identity management and file-sharing processes. The proposed system allows a consortium of organizations to share files with confidentiality, integrity, and availability using blockchain.

In the traditional approach to a digital asset management system, the data processing mechanism is not transparent or visible to the data owners since the data is managed solely by the service provider. With the rapid development of blockchain technology, the above issues can be resolved by leveraging the tamper-resistance and decentralization characteristics of blockchain. However, post the implementation of the EU General Data Protection Rules (GDPR) in 2018, the protection of data owners has taken center stage. This has led to several principles of personal data deletion, such as Storage Limit and the Right to Be Forgotten to conflict with the blockchain. It is also observed that, out of the various smart contracts deployed to manage digital assets, often only specific smart contracts are invoked, while the rest of the deployed smart contracts are rarely invoked, leading to smart contract designs exhibiting similar patterns with very little creativity. This current scenario has motivated us to propose SPChain, a smarter and private GDPR-compliant digital asset management framework enabled by blockchain. In this approach, a decentralized InterPlanetary File System has been adopted to solve the problem of SPOF. In addition, the combination of digital assets with artificial intelligence models has been proposed so as to make digital assets accessible to a larger number of applications and to enable better creativity. In this design, artificial intelligence models have been run in independent, virtualized containers and invoked through smart contracts. The proposed SPChain can be applied to the field of digital art management to provide a complete implementation based on the Hyperledger Fabric. Using this proposed framework, model developers, digital art creators, collectors, service providers, as well as third parties can not only benefit from securely managing digital assets and combining them with AI models, but also from simultaneously complying with the rights stipulated in the GDPR. During the course of the experiments conducted, the latency, throughput, and resource consumption of different functions in the smart contracts have been measured. After adjusting the batch timeout of the block and the maximum number of transactions in a block, the throughputs were observed to be about 500 TPS, with 10 to 15 TPS for reading and writing operations, respectively. The latency ranges were found to range from 0 to 7 seconds, with 2.5 to 5 seconds for reading and writing operations, respectively.

As a computer programmer, a smart contract encapsulates the contractual features of the parties’ transactions through code. Some blockchain technology platforms, such as Hyperledger Fabric, IBM Blockchain and Ethereum, currently allow smart contracts. Smart contracts on these platforms are kept on the blockchain and are not under the control of any party involved. They can’t be tampered with after they’ve been digitally signed and placed on the blockchain. The use of smart contracts in blockchains is critical. It is the authors’ primary goal with this research to provide an alternative to standard contracts by allowing users to modify data stored in the chain. Methodology for designing smart contracts is presented in this article, along with an example of how it has used modifications to the data stored in the chain. In this article, we present a methodology for the design of smart contracts and we also illustrate its application with a case study.

Due to their decentralized and trustless nature, blockchain and distributed ledger technologies are increasingly used in several domains, including critical applications. The behavior of such blockchain-integrated systems is typically driven by smart contracts. However, smart contracts are application-specific software and may contain faults with severe system-level impacts. This is especially true in the case of the extensively used Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) platform, where smart contracts are written in general-purpose languages (Java, among others), and applications can go far beyond handling virtual-currency-like assets. In this work, we present a novel formal-verification-based approach to smart contract verification and a high-level empirical model of the HLF platform. Our Smart Contract in the Loop (SCIL) method uses a model checker (Java Pathfinder) to check whether specific error properties hold for a given smart contract, while a predefined combination of platform-level fault modes is active. We facilitate the checking of HLF smart contracts without modification and enable the propagation or non-propagation of platform faults through the smart contracts to the system failure level.

Blockchain technologies are taking the world by storm. Public blockchains, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, enable secure peer-to-peer applications like crypto-currency or smart contracts. Their security and performance are well studied. This paper concerns recent private blockchain systems designed with stronger security (trust) assumption and performance requirement. These systems target and aim to disrupt applications which have so far been implemented on top of database systems, for example banking, finance and trading applications. Multiple platforms for private blockchains are being actively developed and fine tuned. However, there is a clear lack of a systematic framework with which different systems can be analyzed and compared against each other. Such a framework can be used to assess blockchains' viability as another distributed data processing platform, while helping developers to identify bottlenecks and accordingly improve their platforms. In this paper, we first describe BLOCKBENCH, the first evaluation framework for analyzing private blockchains. It serves as a fair means of comparison for different platforms and enables deeper understanding of different system design choices. Any private blockchain can be integrated to BLOCKBENCH via simple APIs and benchmarked against workloads that are based on real and synthetic smart contracts. BLOCKBENCH measures overall and component-wise performance in terms of throughput, latency, scalability and fault-tolerance. Next, we use BLOCKBENCH to conduct comprehensive evaluation of three major private blockchains: Ethereum, Parity and Hyperledger Fabric. The results demonstrate that these systems are still far from displacing current database systems in traditional data processing workloads. Furthermore, there are gaps in performance among the three systems which are attributed to the design choices at different layers of the blockchain's software stack. We have released BLOCKBENCH for public use.

Block chain technology has surfaced as a transformative influence, revolutionizing the verification and recording of transactions across industries. In to traditional data base systems, presenting a novel approach to database management. The objective is to enhance the trust, transparency, and security of data storage and transactions. Research in this field aims to strengthen data protection, reduce the risk of unauthorized access, and prevent data tampering. By providing a transparent and auditable record of transactions, block chain enhances trust among parties. This is particularly important in industries such as finance, where the integrity of transactions is paramount. The Weighted Sum Model (WSM) stands as a straightforward and widely utilized method of multi-criteria decision-making. It operates by multiplying assigned value of each attribute by the weight of importance designated by the decision maker. Subsequently, it entails aggregating these products across all criteria to compute evaluation scores for each alternative parameters considered in this study include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Biance Smart Chain, Hyperledger Fabric, and Corda, evaluated based on criteria such as Transaction Throughput (tps), Security Level (1-10), Energy Efficiency (kWh/tx), and Initial Setup Cost (USD). the term "Weighted Sum Model (WSM)" is correctly spelled, but the term "multi-Criteria" should be "multi-criteria" for proper phrasing. It involves assigning a value to each attribute, determined by the decision maker, which is then multiplied by a specified importance weight Bitcoin, Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, Hyperledger Fabric and Corda. Transaction Throughput (tps), Security Level (1-10) Energy, Efficiency (kWh/tx) and Initial Setup Cost (USD). the ranking for blockchain-based database systems. Binance Smart Chain) got the top rank, whereas faculty strength Bitcoin) has a low ranking.

The block chain has many unique characteristics, like decentralization, stability, openness and transparency. We can apply block chain in many fields of railway to improve the comprehensive efficiency and benefit, such as railway passenger and freight service, engineering construction, big data sharing and so on. With the gradual completion of data service platform, big data lake and cloud computing in China Railway, these foundations can support the railway block chain application. The paper analyzed the development status and existing problems of block chain at home and abroad. Through the multidimensional analysis for the mainstream block chain platform architecture, the thesis gets the architecture selection of the railway block chain platform. Based on the hyperledger fabric, we propose the technical architecture and overall scheme for the railway block chain service platform respectively. The paper also designs the implementation path for the platform application construction. This research plays an important role and significance in promoting the block chain technology applying and developing in the railway field.

Performance comparison of permissioned and permissionless blockchain by varying workload transaction

Reviews and reputation scores of sellers play an important role in decision-making process of potential buyers in an e-commerce system. A trustworthy and reliable reputation system is a crucial component in the e-commerce ecosystem, as buyers rely on it to make informed decisions. In this work, we propose a privacy-preserving decentralized reputation system designed to include countermeasures against some known attacks. Our model is built on two permissioned blockchains, namely Hyperledger Indy and Hyperledger Fabric. Hyperledger Indy provides an infrastructure for implementing verifiable credentials with Zero Knowledge Proof support, which is essential for privacy preservation, while Hyperledger Fabric is a robust platform for implementing smart contracts. One of the key advantages of the proposed approach is the use of verifiable credentials for digital identities of sellers, feedback tokens issued to buyers after performing an e-commerce transaction and discount tokens issued to buyers after feedback submission. This helps to ensure that the feedback and identity information is authentic and tamper-proof, reducing the likelihood of identity-related attacks. Additionally, the collection of feedbacks and application of business rules are implemented as smart contracts on Hyperledger Fabric blockchain. This provides a secure and transparent mechanism for processing feedback, reducing the likelihood of unfair feedbacks. Overall, the proposed approach presents a robust reputation system that can help reduce identity-related attacks and unfair feedbacks. The privacy-preserving nature of the system ensures that sensitive information is protected while still enabling the verification of digital identities. The use of feedback and discount tokens incentivizes buyers to provide accurate and honest feedback, which can help reduce unfair feedbacks and identity-related attacks. Finally, the use of smart contracts ensures transparency and immutability, which enhances the overall reliability of the system.