Building Ubiquitous Computing Environment Using the Web of Things Platform

Interacting with the Web of Things

The key concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) is linking physical smart things to the Internet to make them active participants on the Internet. The Web of Things (WoT) uses the World Wide Web platform and its associated technologies as a framework to realize IoT. Inspired by WoT, we propose a new paradigm, the Virtual Environment of Things (VEoT), to integrate real-world smart things and virtual-world avatars/objects in a computer generated virtual environment so that entities in either worlds can interact with one another in a real-time manner. To prove the VEoT concept, we design a hierarchical smart gateway, REX (Resources Exchange), to embody smart things as Restful resources that can be combined with networked virtual environments (NVEs) to realize the integration and the interaction of the virtual environments and the real world. In addition, we implement a VEoT-based NVE, called X-Campus, for guiding visitors to navigate a building of National Central University to verify the feasibility of VEoT. This implementation shows the VEoT framework works properly.

S2O: A smart objects orchestrator framework based on the web of things

Policy-based management provides Web of Things (WoT) system with the ability to describe its requirements and functionality, so that desired service goals are achieved. This requires WoT system provisioning smart things which can work under the guidance of policies. However, policy makers with less awareness of specific safety constraints of smart things may create harmful policies, which make smart things work in unexpected situations and cause safety issues. From the view of smart things, the notion of safety issues is two-fold: First, devices themselves work in an unsound and unsecure state, second, devices are influenced by other devices with same or contradict function. We identify these safety issues as device-centric modality conflicts and interest conflicts, and then define a specific conflict detection approach for these conflicts. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of the conflict detection approach to detect device-centric conflicts in two cases. Finally, we conduct three experiments to evaluate the accuracy and time performance of the detection approach.

With the great impact of the advancement in the hardware field, major efforts have been made to create large-scale networks of IoT devices (e.g., embedded systems, sensors, and actuators) that can interact with each other as well as their surrounding environments. However, most of the deployments are based on proprietary and tightly-coupled systems. To overwhelm the application layer interoperability issues, the Web of Things (WoT) paradigm aims at making smart things an integral part of the Web and thus, enabling them to communicate through Web standards/protocols. Therefore, applications/services making use of smart things become easier to conceive by means of Web standards/protocols (e.g., HTTP, Websockets). This paper proposes an approach enabling the smart devices to join the Web using features provided by the Stack4Things (S4T) OpenStack-based middleware. Thereby, user agents, typically, Web browsers and/or smart devices can make use of the resources of (other) IoT devices using globally resolvable Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) regardless of their underlying used protocol stacks.

The application of sensor networks in control and management of smart cities are increasing rapidly. The Internet of Things (IoT) platforms are becoming a major infrastructure component of the smart cities. The requirement for development of Web of Things (WoT) architectures and patterns have significant importance for optimal management and decision support in the smart city. Due to the fact that the sensor networks in even a small city produce a very large amount of data, manual interpretation of this data is not feasible. In recent years machine learning algorithms such as deep learning give the computer systems the ability to interpret and annotate this big data stream and to produce patterns which can help decision makers. This high-level interpretation is often presented in form of dashboards in the composition layers of the WoT. In this paper a deep learning based multisensor dashboard for decision support in the smart city is presented. The proposed dashboard is capable of interpretation and decision level fusion on sensor network data. Simulation results show that the proposed model is a suitable solution for making decisions in the IoT framework for the smart city.

This paper investigates the current state and prospects of the development of the European IT services market. A detailed analysis of the economic indicators of the IT market in European countries has been conducted. Marketing characteristics of the external market of IT services were considered, in whose formation a leading role belongs to export deliveries. It has been determined that the capacity of the international segment of the IT services market in most European countries increases by an average of 20 % annually, and the share of IT technologies exports in the overall export structure exceeds 8 %. The forecast of changes in the internal market of IT technologies in the post-Soviet countries was analyzed. Based on the results, it was concluded that in the future the capacity of the domestic IT services market could increase and, in 2024, in particular in Ukraine, would exceed the volume of USD 2 billion. The results of studying the level of prices for IT services in the post-Soviet countries suggest that they mainly correspond to the prices for similar services in different groups of European countries (with different material capabilities). That means that for IT service consumers in countries with a low standard of living, price characteristics are not an obstacle to obtaining the highest quality services from domestic or foreign suppliers. The role and importance of personnel support of the information industry, which is key in the formation and development of the IT services market, have been determined. It has been proven that specialists who attained IT education mostly work according to the skills and competencies obtained, which distinguishes them favorably from specialists in other fields. Despite the tendencies of a certain outflow of specialists outside the countries with a low living level, the number of IT specialists is growing progressively in their economies. In many ways, these trends are facilitated by an increase in the number of graduates from specialized educational institutions.

The Web of Things is an emerging scenario in which objects are connected to Internet and can answer to HTTP queries. To date, new applications in this field are mainly produced by designers and engineers while we claim that with simple and effective composition rules and easy-to-use building blocks, even users could invent new applications unforeseen by technology experts. In this paper, we describe a solution for modeling, implementing and running simple connections of smart things based on the point-click-and-compose paradigm. We envision a Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) where things are Web Services using WSDL standard and logical connections between things are modeled as Web Services orchestrations using the WS-BPEL language.

The article considers the peculiarities of taxation of IT services in Ukraine. It is determined that IT technologies are one of the priority areas of economic development of Ukraine. It is determined that the IT sphere is very important for Ukraine, because against the background of the general economic and political crisis, IT technologies are identified in Ukraine as one of the priority sectors of economic development, as evidenced by the significant contribution of export industry to total GDP and taxes. to the state budget. The volume of exports of IT services from Ukraine is researched and analyzed. The necessity of tax regulation of the IT taxation system in Ukraine is determined, the main tasks, principles and factors on the basis of which the taxation system of IT technologies is based are revealed. In the course of the research, tax incentives (privileges) used in the taxation of IT services in foreign countries were identified as appropriate and considered. In Ukraine, of all these benefits, only VAT exemption applies to all software supply transactions, ie benefits are applied not by a specific entity that has received the right to use them, but by all entities that carry out the relevant transactions. Thus, it was found that the application of such a benefit is not a right but a duty of the taxpayer. Priority areas for optimizing the IT industry have been identified. The priority directions of optimization of the branch of IT technologies are defined. It is determined that one of the main factors contributing to the development of the information technology industry and IT business in Ukraine is the ability to use a simplified taxation system, the so-called "third group", which is currently analogous to industry incentive systems in other countries. Therefore, for Ukraine, which is still successfully competing in the global market, it is necessary to create a tax regime similar to those in force in foreign competitors.

In the vision of the Internet of Things (IoT), an increasing number of embedded devices of all sorts (e.g., sensors, mobile phones, cameras, smart meters, smart cars, traffic lights, smart home appliances, etc.) are now capable of communicating and sharing data over the Internet. Although the concept of using embedded systems to control devices, tools and appliances has been proposed for almost decades now, with every new generation, the ever-increasing capabilities of computation and communication pose new opportunities, but also new challenges. As IoT becomes an active research area, different methods from various points of view have been explored to promote the development and popularity of IoT. One trend is viewing IoT as Web of Things (WoT) where the open Web standards are supported for information sharing and device interoperation. By penetrating smart things into existing Web, the conventional web services are enriched with physical world services. This WoT vision enables a new way of narrowing the barrier between virtual and physical worlds.In this paper, we elaborate the architecture and some key enabling technologies of WoT. Some pioneer open platforms and prototypes are also illustrated. The most recent research results are carefully summarized. Furthermore, many systematic comparisons are made to provide the insight in the evolution and future of WoT. Finally, we point out some open challenging issues that shall be faced and tackled by research community.

An increasing number of real-world entities is currently being connected to the Internet and the World Wide Web. We argue that this development is the precursor of a Web of Things (WoT), which in turn provides a promising way to prototype UbiComp applications, by significantly lowering the technical barriers for making things smart. In this paper, we outline how sensors, actuators and Web services can easily be combined in the WoT in order to enable rapid prototyping of UbiComp applications.

Secure computing is essential as environments continue to become intertwined and hyperconnected. As the Internet of Things (IoT), Web of Things (WoT), and the Internet of Everything (IoE) dominate the landscape of technological platforms, protection these complicated networks is important. The everyday person who wishes to have more devices that allow the ability to be connected needs to be aware of what threats they could be potentially exposing themselves to. Additionally, for the unknowing consumer of everyday products needs to be aware of what it means to have sensors, Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID), Bluetooth, and WiFi enabled products. This submission explores how Availability, Integrity, and Confidentiality (AIC) can be applied to IoT, WoT, and IoE with consideration for the application of these architectures in the defense sector.

With the popularity of IT technology, the problem of IT service quality is becoming more and more cause the attention of the relevant customer, at the same time, the user demand for with the IT service quality are also improved. Customer service as a direct user-oriented service organization, must correspondingly enhance their professional skills and optimize management system to gradually achieve discovered by passive user problem, again into the request itself can take the initiative to found the problem, in the process throughout the entire process of IT service management, improve the efficiency of operational management, ensure the company's IT service system is reliable, stable and efficient operation, this paper combined with the existing of the service work system, from two aspects of system of prevention and to explore the method of how to improve the quality of the user IT service.

Distance learning is currently a common practice in the organization of the educational process. For this, various software products tested during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020-2021 and martial law in Ukraine in 2022 are used. At the same time, studies of the use of modern distance technologies in the educational process are devoted to conceptual aspects of the organization of education or are based on various software products. All of the above requires the definition of effective remote technologies for solving various tasks of educational activities in domestic higher educational institutions. The purpose of the work is to study the software products used in the educational process of Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, from the point of view of optimization of scientific and educational activities. The article summarizes the practice of using IT technologies at Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University since its relocation in 2014. This made it possible to determine the advantages and disadvantages of modern use for the organization of the educational process, joint activities, including scientific and educational, platform Moodle, IT services Microsoft Office-365, as well as highlight the most popular services in the academic space. It is noted that Google services today are a strong competitor to Microsoft’s IT services, in particular, due to their quality, variety and free of charge. It was established that the availability of practical skills for working in Google Classroom among students requires mastery of this tool for teachers of higher educational institutions in order to make a further decision regarding the effectiveness of solving educational tasks. According to the results of the research, the necessity of combining various IT services, as well as constant training of the participants of the educational process in the skills of their use, was established. The direction of further research is the problem of developing training courses using various distance learning IT services.

Using virtualization and other pioneering technologies to develop a hybrid platform of servers, storage, and networking that can support a variety of rig based systems such as Real-Time Data Collection & Aggregation, Data Analytics, Collaboration, and other core IT services (email, file sharing, etc.) all of which are being hosted locally at the rig. In addition to the infrastructure components we have also adopted new application technology solutions in support of Geological & Geophysical Operations Wellsite Services, business partner connectivity and collaboration, and introducing tools to enhance telecommunications/network security at the rig. All of the activities have resulted in increased standardization, innovation and reliability of Information Technology systems supporting D&C and G&G Well Operations. The paper will highlight a variety of use cases where we have utilized variations of converged and software defined data center solutions based on uniform blueprint configurations at our rig sites. In particular, within our Deepwater Gulf of Mexico operations and Frontier exploration drilling programs in very remote locations. We will describe the cost savings benefits of moving to a standardized platform utilizing off the shelf IT technology solutions vs. oilfield specific IT technology tools. This paper will highlight our successes and lessons learned within this emerging area of focus and provide insight on where we believe the industry will be heading in the future and preparing for more data and technology issues such as Cybersecurity.