Chapter 5 - Planning and Tender Schedule Stages

Building energy system that includes renewable energy is often considered as an effective method of saving energy and reducing emission. However, the energy consumption of the building energy system during the operational stage usually deviates from the expectation of the planning stage. The deviation causes the energy system to fail to play its role in energy conservation and emission reduction. Due to the intermittent and volatility of renewable energy optimization of supply side and demand side matching are often considered an effective way to reduce system energy consumption. This paper uses mutual information as a quantitative indicator to analyze the fluctuation of the energy consumption difference between the planning stage and operation stage. Firstly, a building energy system containing renewable energy and its control strategy is constructed as a planning model. Then, generated uniform distribution errors are used to simulate the mismatch of power consumption of supply and demand in the simulation control phase. Moreover, the mutual information is used for analysis. The final results show that as the mutual information increasing the deviation of the power consumption data in the planning and operation phases will be significantly reduced and tend to be planned value.

Planning a public transportation system is a multi-objective problem which includes among others line planning, timetabling, and vehicle scheduling. For each of these planning stages, models are known and advanced solution techniques exist. Some of the models focus on costs, others on passengers’ convenience. Setting up a transportation system is usually done by optimizing each of these stages sequentially.In this paper we argue that instead of optimizing each single step further and further it would be more beneficial to consider the whole process in an integrated way. To this end, we develop and discuss a generic, bi-objective model for integrating line planning, timetabling, and vehicle scheduling. We furthermore propose an eigenmodel which we apply for these three planning stages and show how it can be used for the design of iterative algorithms as heuristics for the integrated problem. The convergence of the resulting iterative approaches is analyzed from a theoretical point of view. Moreover, we propose an agenda for further research in this field.

Questionnaire surveys.

Over the course of time, the oil and gas industry has increased its usage of state-of-the-art equipment and advanced software to access oil and gas reserves that were previously considered as technically and/or economically prohibitive. Today's well designs are inherently more complex since the current targets are deeper, require extended reach configurations or are in locations that present greater difficulties in developing appropriate well designs. Success, therefore, depends upon careful up-front planning to ensure that the goals sought are attained. The planning requires detailed calculations at each step of the well development — from the geological survey to drilling to completing the well. The advanced modeling software available in the market today has made the required analysis possible. Extended-reach wells carry significant risks where cost of failure regarding the deployment of the liner and liner hanger system could consume the whole well. One of the major risks with deploying such a long liner is the risk of pre-setting the liner hanger and/or the liner hanger packer. An expandable liner hanger (ELH) system, recently introduced to the industry, inherently eliminates this risk with its design and setting procedure and is the focus of this paper. When the liner is deployed using the detailed analysis generated during the planning stages, the risks mentioned above can be significantly reduced and greater assurance that the liner can be run to depth can be provided. The extended-reach section of these wells creates additional problems relating to friction during the deployment of the liner hanger. This phenomenon can be addressed with ‘torque and drag' software as well as ‘surge and swab' software to optimize the solution with a detailed analytical output that will determine the best method to use to deploy the liner into the hole. The analysis will help determine whether centralizers should be used (and if so, specific spacing), whether fluids that will reduce the friction coefficients should be considered, and will also examine whether there is the possibility of floating the liner hanger to depth. To summarize, the ultimate goal of the well designer is to apply the available software to develop and optimize a plan to reduce friction during deployment of an expandable liner hanger to depth while reducing cost impact and eliminating nonproductive time. The case history in this well will verify how the proper planning and use of the ELH system selected was capable of addressing the challenges of successfully deploying the ELH system in an extended-reach well for Saudi Aramco. These wells have a measured depth (MD) of 19,000 to 31,000+ feet and true vertical depths (TvD) between 7,000 and 9,000 feet. The liner lengths ranged from 5,000 to 10,000 feet in length.

Implementation failure is widely acknowledged as a major impediment to the success of water resource plans and policies, yet there are very few proactive approaches available for analysing potential implementation issues during the planning stage. The Motivations and Abilities (MOTA) framework was established to address this planning stage gap, by offering a multi-stakeholder, multi-level approach to evaluate the implementation feasibility of plans and policies. MOTA is a stepwise process focusing on the relationship between trigger, motivation, and ability. Here we outline the base model of the MOTA framework and review existing MOTA applications in assorted water resource management contexts. From our review we identify the strengths and limitations of the MOTA framework in various institutional implementation and social adoptability contexts. Our findings indicate that the existing MOTA base model framework has been successful in identifying the motivations and abilities of the stakeholders involved in a range of bottom-up water resource planning contexts, and in subsequently providing insight into the types of capacity- or consent-building strategies needed for effective implementation. We propose several complementary add-in applications to complement the base model, which specific applications may benefit from. Specifically, the incorporation of formal context and stakeholder analyses during the problem definition stage (Step 1), could provide a more considered basis for designing the latter steps within the MOTA analyses. In addition, the resolution of the MOTA analyses could be enhanced by developing more nuanced scoring approaches, or by adopting empirically proven ones from well-established published models. Through setting the base model application, additional add-in applications can easily be added to enhance different aspects of the analysis while still maintaining comparability with other MOTA applications. With a robust base model and a suite of add-in applications, there is great potential for the MOTA framework to become a staple tool for optimising implementation success in any water planning and policy-making context.

Implementation failure is widely acknowledged as a major impediment to the success of water resource plans and policies, yet there are very few proactive approaches available for analysing potential implementation issues during the planning stage. The Motivations and Abilities (MOTA) framework was established to address this planning stage gap, by offering a multi-stakeholder, multi-level approach to evaluate the implementation feasibility of plans and policies. MOTA is a stepwise process focusing on the relationship between trigger, motivation, and ability. Here we outline the base model of the MOTA framework and review existing MOTA applications in assorted water resource management contexts. From our review we identify the strengths and limitations of the MOTA framework in various institutional implementation and social adoptability contexts. Our findings indicate that the existing MOTA base model framework has been successful in identifying the motivations and abilities of the stakeholders involved in a range of bottom-up water resource planning contexts, and in subsequently providing insight into the types of capacity- or consent-building strategies needed for effective implementation. We propose several complementary add-in applications to complement the base model, which specific applications may benefit from. Specifically, the incorporation of formal context and stakeholder analyses during the problem definition stage (Step 1), could provide a more considered basis for designing the latter steps within the MOTA analyses. In addition, the resolution of the MOTA analyses could be enhanced by developing more nuanced scoring approaches, or by adopting empirically proven ones from well-established published models. Through setting the base model application, additional add-in applications can easily be added to enhance different aspects of the analysis while still maintaining comparability with other MOTA applications. With a robust base model and a suite of add-in applications, there is great potential for the MOTA framework to become a staple tool for optimising implementation success in any water planning and policy-making context.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of accountability in managing the village fund allocation in Kalasey Satu Village, Mandolang District, starting from the stages of planning, implementation, administration, reporting, and accountability. This study in Kalasey Satu Village employed descriptive qualitative research methods. The data utilized in this study is derived from the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget. The findings indicate that the management of the village fund allocation in Kalasey Satu Village, Mandolang District demonstrates a high level of accountability across the stages of planning, implementation, administration, reporting, and accountability

This research aims to determine accountability and transparency in the management of the distribution of Direct Village Fund Cash Assistance (BLTDD) in Jaring Halus Village, Secanggang District, Langkat Regency. The approach method in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The data collection techniques used were observation and interviews conducted directly in the field as well as documentation to support this research. Based on the results obtained, the implementation of accountability in BLTDD management is said to be quite good, in planning the allocation of village funds, responsibility in managing village funds and realizing part of the development planning in Jaring Halus Village. Apart from that, the village government still has shortcomings, such as only involving the community during the planning stage, while at the next stage only the village government knows and also all plans discussed by village officials are not all realized. Apart from that, in implementing transparency in BLTDD management, the village government does not apply transparent principles in managing village funds. This is due to the lack of openness to the community in managing village fund allocations in village development, and there are still many limitations to the community in obtaining information regarding the management of village fund allocations.

SPE/IADC Members Abstract This is a study of BPX Colombia's initial experience introducing under balanced drilling technology to their Piedemonte licence. The intention was to prove that a step change in performance could be achieved by application of this technology. Thus significantly reducing traditionally very high operational costs due to the faulted and over thrust nature of this developing mountain region. The occurrence of over thrust sheets which contain very hard sandstone and shale sequences have in the past proven particularly difficult to drill, slow and therefore very expensive. BPX Colombia researched the options available in this developing technique considering, proven and developing technology in order to prepare a strategy leading to the evaluation of under balanced drilling on two wells in the Piedemonte Licence. Introduction BP Exploration Colombia in the past few years has made significant discoveries in the Colombian foothills. Building upon these discoveries, exploration has successfully continued North into the Piedemonte licence (figure 1). In order to develop the Cusiana and Cupiagua fields, BPX Colombia and it's Partners conducted significant research to provide solutions to the difficult drilling problems. However even with the application of that knowledge Piedemonte wells are significantly more difficult to drill due to the more complex geology. This is characterised by high horizontal stresses, steeply dipping beds, numerous faults and alternating sand shale sequences combined with the El Morro thrust structure containing the very hard Mirador and Barco sandstone which has proven particularly difficult to drill using optimised conventional techniques. The El Morro thrust sheet is not present in the Cusiana and Cupiagua fields. Traditionally drilling the El Morro thrust sheet alone has taken upwards of 72 bits and 100 days per well. Under balanced drilling was identified as a technology which had the potential to deliver significant performance improvements, even by solely doubling the ROP which has been currently achieved. The decision was taken to investigate the potential for it on two wells which were in the planning stage. Initial planning consisted of a literature review and site visits to operations in South and Central America where various aspects of under balanced drilling operations were ongoing. In parallel with this effort all the contractors associated with BPX Colombia reviewed their own immediate in house experience in under balanced drilling. The net was then cast further to identify as much experience and technology as possible prior to determining what aspects of the technologies would be evaluated on these two wells. At a series of open meetings with all the contractors, they outlined the knowledge and technology which existed within their organisations. Each technology and technique was examined in order to identify where it could contribute towards a step change in performance in the Piedemonte licence. This identified at an early stage that only a few companies had specific knowledge in a narrow sphere, but no one company had all the experience. The air drilling Service Contractor had an overall perspective, however the Colombian Llanos foothills and specifically the Piedemonte licence was a new area to them, hence operational experience still had to be developed. It was recognised and acknowledged by BPX Colombia that the limited experience available indicated that under balanced drilling operations required a period of time to tailor it to a specific area, as experienced in other geological regions of the world. As this initial planning process progressed it confirmed the magnitude of the possible prize. It was decided to evaluate under balanced drilling techniques using Foam, Aerated Water Based Mud (WBM) and Nitrified Oil Based Mud (OBM) on two Piedemonte wells which were at the planning stage. Several options identified other than the selected under balanced drilling techniques are still being monitored or pursued by BPX Colombia in order to provide additional step changes in performance. P. 891^

Increasing penetration of offshore renewable energy has highlighted the challenges posed by strong intermittency, output uncertainty, and insufficient utilization of marine energy resources. To address these issues, this study investigates an offshore multi-energy coupling system integrating wind, photovoltaic, tidal, and wave energy with flexible loads such as seawater desalination and hydrogen production. A coordinated two-stage optimization framework is proposed. In the planning stage, a joint operation–planning capacity configuration model is formulated to minimize the annualized system cost while determining the optimal sizes of generation units and energy storage. In the operational stage, a multi-time-scale rolling scheduling model combining day-ahead and intra-day optimization is developed to dynamically mitigate renewable output fluctuations and enhance system flexibility. Case studies verify that the proposed framework significantly improves renewable energy utilization, reducing the curtailment rate to 0.7%, while achieving stable and cost-effective operation. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of coordinated planning and rolling scheduling for future offshore integrated energy systems.

Object-oriented resource-based planning method (ORPM) for construction

Key TakeawaysFour pilot teams shared experiences with piloting during the COVID‐19 pandemic, emphasizing that thoughtful planning streamlines the piloting process while mitigating the risk of transmitting illness.Remote access to and control of pilot equipment, along with the use of virtual communication platforms, enabled teams to successfully perform pilot‐scale studies.Operating pilot systems through the pandemic allowed teams to respond to drastic changes on a small scale to mitigate risks around full‐scale processes at the treatment plant.

Faculty development, trainee orientation and stakeholder engagement are essential elements of change management in the implementation of EPAs. An effective strategy addresses stakeholder needs over the various stages of planning, piloting, and implementation of EPAs. It encompasses faculty and all other stakeholders, i.e., clinical supervisors and assessors, non-workplace-based teaching faculty, coaches or advisers for trainees’ portfolios, members of clinical competence committees, administrators, program directors and other leaders. Best practices involve engaging with stakeholders as essential partners working toward a shared vision, building a sense of a community of practice, planning a range of activities in a continuous, dynamic, and enabling process, and including trainee development alongside faculty development. This chapter introduces evolving conceptions of faculty development and identifies key principles and strategies to guide the design of an effective plan. A range of approaches is outlined from passive to active, with various modes of delivery including face-to-face and hybrid and self-directed learning. Factors to consider are discussed and the significance of context is acknowledged. The importance of resourcing faculty and other stakeholders and the need to make a business case supported by ongoing evaluation are highlighted. Three examples of strategies in practice illustrate some key ideas. An analysis of the specific needs of different stakeholder groups, with potential approaches and a directory of accessible digital resources to support faculty development, trainee orientation, and engagement with other stakeholders, is also provided.

Greedy energy management strategy and sizing method for a stand-alone microgrid with hydrogen storage

Infusion of UM171-Expanded Cord Blood Led to Excellent Survival in Patients with High-Risk Leukemias: Results from Two Independent Phase II Studies