Circuit Analysis and Design

This chapter introduces the analysis and design of linear circuits. It reviews basic direct‐current (DC) analysis using traditional circuits theorems with application to circuit analysis and design. Using node voltage instead of element voltages as circuit variables can greatly reduce the number of equations that must be treated simultaneously. The chapter treats the analysis and design of circuits containing active devices such as transistors or operational amplifiers (op amps). It also discusses alternating current (AC) circuits. Those ac circuits that are excited by a single frequency, for example, power systems, can be easily and effectively analyzed using sinusoidal steady‐state techniques. Linear circuits are often characterized by their behavior to sinusoids, in particular, how they process signals versus frequency. Audio, communication, instrumentation, and control systems all require signal processing that depends at least in part on their frequency response.

It is very important that undergraduate teaching of analog circuits be rigorous, involve a laboratory component and stimulate student interest. This paper describes a three week module on active circuits that incorporates circuit design, analysis and testing. The lectures are integrated with the laboratory component and all appropriate concepts in mathematics are covered. Assessment results are based on running the project at three universities, namely, Rowan, Bucknell and Tennessee State. Quantitative results based on student surveys, a concept inventory test and faculty formulated rubrics demonstrate the accomplishment of the learning outcomes. INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION A course on the principles of analog circuits is fundamental in the early part of an Electrical and Computer Engineering curriculum. A long standing debate is on how to get students more interested in circuit theory and simultaneously comprehend and apply the basic concepts [1][2]. Project-based learning has been shown to increase student interest, basic design skills [3] and comprehension of the concepts in basic engineering and mathematics through vertical integration [4][5]. Vertical integration is the principle of having a project or experiment in a course build upon concepts gained through experiments and/or projects performed in a parallel or previous course. Students will realize that the courses are part of a flow that contributes to a unified knowledge base. This paper describes a project on active circuits that is performed at three universities, namely, Rowan, Bucknell and Tennessee State. The project has been formulated such that it can be taught at any university that has a course that covers the basic laws of circuit theory, introduces passive and active circuits, teaches the appropriate mathematical techniques and has a hands-on laboratory component. Specifically, the curriculum will include (but not limited to) mesh and nodal analysis, Thevenin equivalent, operational amplifier circuits, first and second order circuits, Laplace transform analysis, AC circuits, transformers and the frequency response of simple filters. The project reinforces circuit analysis, accomplishes simple design, involves the use of MATLAB and exposes the student to an operational amplifier chip. The project relies on concepts learned previously or concurrently like calculus and computer programming. It also leads into projects in follow-up courses like (1) building an audio amplifier or a power supply in an electronics course and (2) analog and digital filter design in a signals and systems course. Three different forms of assessment are carried out. They are based on student surveys, a concept inventory test and faculty formulated rubrics.

This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the recent advances in computer methods for analysis and design of switched circuits in both time and frequency domains. It also presents new research results on time-domain analysis and sensitivity of switched nonlinear circuits, time- and frequency-domain statistical analysis of switched linear and nonlinear circuits, and efficient modeling and analysis of clock feedthrough and charge injection in switched linear circuits. In time-domain analysis, the modeling of switches and its effect on the simulation of switched circuits are investigated. Formulation methods for these circuits are examined. Inconsistent initial conditions arising from ideal switching are investigated and numerical methods that derive the consistent initial conditions are examined. Sampled-data simulation (SDSIM) of switched linear circuits including clocked sigma-delta modulators is investigated. SDSIM is extended to switched nonlinear circuits. Time-domain sensitivity of switched linear and nonlinear circuits is analyzed using SDSIM. Efficient time-domain statistical analysis of switched linear and nonlinear circuits is introduced, and their effectiveness is assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. Methods that compute the effect of the clock jitter of periodically switched linear (PSL) circuits are examined. Time-domain noise analysis of PSL circuits is investigated. In frequency-domain analysis, exact frequency analysis of multiphase PSL circuits is reviewed. Sensitivity analysis of these circuits is examined in detail. Adjoint network theory and its usefulness in noise and sensitivity analysis of switched linear circuits are studied. Group delay of PSL circuits is investigated briefly. Efficient modeling and analysis of clock feed-though and charge injection of PSL circuits are introduced. Distortion and sensitivity of periodically switched nonlinear circuits with mild nonlinearities are investigated. Finally, frequency-domain noise analysis of PSL circuits is examined.

High-performance as well as user-friendly circuit simulators are powerful aids for power electronics engineers. This paper presents a new circuit analysis and design simulator named TAP-T (transient analysis program TOKUZO) mainly for power electronics use. It offers ATP/EMTP like or more convenient CAD environment. It is almost free from the numerical oscillation problems which annoy ATP/EMTP users. This feature attributes largely to TAP-T's reasonable counter-measures against switching logic conflicts. Two benchmark tests are carried out on circuits designated by IEE JAPAN to verify high accuracy and short computation time of TAP-T.

Introduction to Linear Circuit Analysis and Modelling

EI‐SCAM is a very useful tool capable of carrying out symbolic, semi‐symbolic, and numerical solutions for the electrical variables of a circuit under analysis. The goal of the research reported herein is to assess the effectiveness of the program as a teaching tool for circuit analysis of Automotive System Engineering students. To this aim, EI‐SCAM has been used for at least 5 years, from 2017 to 2021, in the undergraduate course Interfaces, Communications, and Signal Processing, intended to Automotive System Engineering majors at the Electronics Faculty of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México, and whose main topics are related to interface circuits for signal conditioning from sensors and towards actuators in the car. EI‐SCAM was used as a complement to theoretical classes and it has also been used alone as a self‐study tool. A student survey indicated that EI‐SCAM was an excellent complement to the teaching process, providing a useful and convenient tool for circuit analysis tasks even when the user is unfamiliar with both the use of MATLAB and circuit analysis. Additionally, a test applied before and after the introduction of EI‐SCAM in the course showed an increase beyond the 60% in the assertiveness of the students to respond properly to the questions.

Introduction to Circuit Analysis and Design

Engineering is a specially designed course that includes the application of knowledge explicitly in the field of science and natural phenomena. The fields of engineering, technology, and physical sciences have been growing towards a new era of development and innovation across the globe. They include many fields, and one such significant area is mechanical engineering, which deals with the construction, working principles, and applications of various types of machines. Technical data of the products based on their scientific principles, along with parameters, are involved in the development of mechanical engineering. With this background, this study is designed to look forward to the future directions and emerging technologies in mechanical engineering. This review study investigated the future direction and emerging technology in mechanical engineering. It also highlighted the purpose and significance of mechanical engineering and discussed some of the research questions in mechanical engineering. Future directions of learning and technology, mechanical invention and development, the transportation industry, electric vehicles, and the artificial intelligence industrial revolution are also mentioned in this study. Mechanical engineering is a growing field of technology across the world. This review study indicated that it is essential to have upgraded knowledge and skills in the field of engineering and technology in this modern era. Many theories can be applied in the mechanical field with the support of upgrades in technology. The direction of mechanical engineering study is to learn the mechanical aspects of different technologies and the knowledge about that technology to optimize its use.

Linear circuit analysis is a foundational course for electrical engineers. Instructors of linear circuit analysis courses have traditionally relied on print textbooks for student learning materials. With the rise of student use of computers and the internet, materials like lecture slides and online videos have also been used for learning materials. Increasingly, traditional textbooks (including online formats) are experiencing a decline, while interactive textbooks are growing in popularity. This paper describes auto-graded learning tools, called challenged activities, from various topics in an online linear circuit analysis textbook. Instructors often assign challenge activities as homework. Each challenge activity has 3-5 levels of increasingly difficult problems. Each level randomly generates a question from a large set of questions of similar difficulty. Students must correctly answer a question in a level to progress to the next level. This paper describes the student usage of 4 challenge activities in an online circuit analysis textbook. The average time spent per activity was under 10 minutes and the vast majority of students who started a level ended up completing that level, indicating little attrition. In fact, most levels had 0% of students give up and the highest was only 8%, which is remarkably low based compared to more traditional paper-and-pencil activities based on the teaching experience of the authors.

In this paper, we explored a new way for linear circuit transient analysis based on the accompanying network method. This new method is simple and convenient, tries to avoid differential equation from the beginning of the establishment of circuit equations, makes use of accompanying network by which the transient process can be divided into a series of discrete time intervals Δt, replaces the dynamic components L, C with corresponding discrete model which is called their accompanying network. To every interval Δt, there is no dynamic component in the accompanying network, so the transient analysis of the linear circuit can be divided into a series of steady state analysis of resistance network.

An optimal linear system approximation of nonlinear fractional-order memristor–capacitor charging circuit

Computationally efficient large-change statistical analysis of linear electronic circuits

The advancements in power electronics technology have resulted in the excessive emerging of various DC appliances. This necessitates investigating the feasibility of adopting a complete DC house that combines all such DC appliances in one simple network in order to build a more efficient and energy-saving houses for modern and smart cities. An essential point of view is to compare such DC network with a corresponding conventional AC network as well as hybrid networks in terms of energy consumption and cost analysis. This paper discusses the design, analysis and comparison of different low voltage AC and DC networks. The analysis is presented for a standalone house, in which several distribution schemes are proposed and analyzed. The proposed layouts present preliminary supplying AC appliances by an AC source. On the other hand, another configuration discusses designing a complete DC network consisting of DC sources and loads. In addition, hybrid systems are also proposed in which combinations of different AC and DC sources and loads are incorporated into the same network. The proposed configurations are studied and evaluated in terms of several points of view including energy consumption, systems sizing, required components and capital costs assessment. Different test scenarios are carried out for all proposed architectures and all findings and conclusions are analyzed extensively in this paper.

Demand of Battery Storage System (BSS) in power engineering applications has been increasing extensively in past few decades specially because of the emerging new concepts such as DC-micro grid, Hybrid grids, renewable energy systems, electric vehicle etc. Particularly, in the developing countries, more attention has been paid towards the battery storage systems to maintain sustainable power systems while eliminating low power quality issues. The purpose of this research is to compare the efficiencies of AC and DC sources for the BSS charging and discharging in same experimental setup to achieve in a reasonable ground. Moreover, it covers the impact of charging efficiency of DC power source compared to the AC power source through measurement and estimation at residential level in City of Karachi, Pakistan. Alongside with study, the impact on carbon footprint has also been analyzed.

The authors introduce the subject of probabilistic and stochastic analysis and design of circuits to nonspecialists and emphasize the need for teaching the subject to senior level undergraduates. It is argued that as this subject area synthesizes ideas from systems theory, electrical circuit analysis and design, matrix methods, probability and stochastic theories, numerical methods, optimization and symbolic algebra, this will be an ideal course to demonstrate the use of most of the background subjects, and relevant computing techniques and software. Problems solved could include electrical engineering problems, and other engineering problems modeled with electrical analogs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>