Coaching Methods for Girls' Basketball

Objective To discuss the characteristics, treatment method and prognosis of tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture in children. Methods From January 1995 to December 2007, there were 25 cases (23 boys and 2 girls). The age at injury ranged from 12 to 16 years(average 13.5 years). All cases were unilateral involved (10 of left, 15 of right). All of the injuries resulted from participation in athletic activities, 10 in basketball, 7 while jumping, and 8 in football game. According to the classification of Ogden, there were 1 type 1A, 4 type 1B, 5 type 2A, 7 type 2B, 4 type 3A, and 4 type 3B fractures. One type 1A fracture was treated nonoperatively with east immobilization, and other 24 fractures with open reduction and internal fixation. Results All of 25 cases were followed from 14 months to 7 years (average 43 months). The range of motion of knee joint was 0°-140° 3 months after operation, and all of them recovered to pre-injury levels of activity by 6 months after operation. According to Mosier clinical assessment system, the final outcome was evaluated as excellent in all. Wound healed primary, no compartment syndrome was found. The time of bony union ranged from 2 to 5 months, with the mean time of 3 months. No complications of infection, ex-tremities deformity and inner fixation failure were found. Conclusion The tuberosity avulsion fracture in children is an uncommon and special type of epiphyseal injury. These fractures occur in the narrow range of 13 to 16 years of age. The majority of patients are males, and most of them are unilateral involved. This in-jury has an excellent outcome without deformity or functional loss, once adequate reduction and fixation of fracture fragments have been achieved. Key words: Tibial; Fractures; Epiphyses; Child

Owing to the establishment of Chinese Basketball Alliance, the people all have passion for playing basketball. Yulon Basketball Team, which wins the golden championship in the beginning of Chinese Professional Basketball Match, has founded for the longest time. The motive and goal of this research is not only to describe its process of transforming from an amateur team to a professional one, but also to find out the background of its foundation and the summary of its development. The historical method of investigation and survey are used in this study. We also work hard to collect all relative data. After sorting out and analysing the data, we can clearly figure out the cause of foundation of the team and the situation of its development from 1965 to 1994. The founder of Yulon car-manufacture Limited Company Ching-ling Yan set up Yulon Basketball team in 1965 to respond to” the Sports of Whole People”. At that time, basket ball was very popular and was also a flourishing activity in Taiwan. In previous years of its establishment, the team has sound organization and perfect system Moreover, they laid stress on the relationship of the group. Consequently the prizes went to them for five times in the provincial league matches. So they won the most championships and broke the record. At the commencement of the league match, Yulon Basketball team wan unconquerable Though once perform anced badly. We found three reasons for the rise and fall of their behavior: 1. The limitation of development of players themselves. 2. The coatch's arrangement of the team and the applications of strategies. 3. The leaders of the enter prise pay much attention to them plus the fan's passion and encouragement. The average age of the players is too high and over emphasis of the main players are their fatal disadvantages. So to reunite the abilities of the players will be the key point toapprove. It tends to manage spcially and has division of organization in addition to recruiting more capable players as the team transforms to professional basketball one. They attach much importance on their image. They also promote their image well. As long as they can build up their own style, they surely would get great mark and make their mark.

This research intent to know condition of medium and prasarana is sport and health physical education at SMP Country one Purwareja Klampok's district Banjarnegara's Regency school year 2012 / 2013. Method that is utilized in this research is quantitative. Approaching that is utilized gets analisis's descriptive character. This observational type is observational survey. This observational population is all SMP Country One Purwareja Klampok's district that total 3 schools . Sample took by samplings totaled tech and result sample as much 3 SMP. Methodic data collecting that digunkan is methodic questionnaire or kuesioner, observation method, method documents, and interview's method. Base observational result to be known that medium average and prasarana for branch sporting athletic with presentase 65.04%, basketball (44.00%), football (54.76%), for volleyball (53.57%), badminton (73.91%), gymnastics (50.00%), school health (55.34%).Of research and study result gets to be concluded that medium and prasarana penjasorkes at SMP Country One Purwareja Klampok's district Banjarnegara's regency adequately is equal to Penjasorkes's learning.

We consider the problem of dynamically rating sports teams based on the categorical outcome of paired comparisons such as win, draw and loss in football. Our modelling framework is the cumulative link model for ordered response, where latent parameters represent the strength of each team. A dynamic extension of this model is proposed with close connections to nonparametric smoothing methods. As a consequence, recent results have more influence for estimating current abilities than results in the past. We highlight the importance of using a specific constrained random walk prior for time--changing abilities which guarantees an equal treatment of all teams. Estimation is done within an extended Kalman filter type approach. An additional hyperparameter which determines the temporal dynamic of the latent team abilities is chosen based on optimal one-step-ahead predictive power. Alternative estimation methods are also considered. We apply our method to the results from the German football league ``Bundesliga'' 1996/97 and to the results from the American National Basketball Association (NBA) 1996/97.

Background. Adolescents often decide on sexual intercourse without previous knowledge of negative consequences of sexuality. The intension of our lectures is therefore to inform the young and to advise them on how to protect themselves from these consequences. The information on the amount of knowledge of sexuality that adolescents have, and what interests them most, can be provided by a survey only. Thus, the survey serves as the basis for preparation of the lecture that focuses on the topics that adolescents are less familiar with and/or are most interested in. The adolescents are more eager to listen to the lecture that they helped create. Methods. The questionnaire was filled-in by 222 adolescents who attended lectures on sexuality in the school year 2002/3, 121 girls (mean age 14.47 ± 1.12 years) and 101 boys (mean age 14.55 ± 1.31 years); 18 (17.8%) boys and 10 (8.3%) girls were sexually active. Results. In boys the mean age at the first sexual intercourse was 15.1 ± 1.5 years, they had mean 2.0 ± 2.4 sexual partners. In girls the mean age at the first sexual intercourse was 14.5 ± 1.1 years, they had mean 4.6 ± 4.3 sexual partners. The first sexual intercourse was unprotected in 4 (22.2%) boys and in 5 (50.0%) girls. Only 8 (7.9%) boys and 24 (19.8%) girls enumerated 5 contraceptive methods, 8 (7.9%) boys and 23 (19.0%) girls were familiar with at least 3 sexually transmitted diseases. Major sources of information on sexuality for boys were school, television and parents, and for girls school, parents and books. The most frequently asked question by both boys and girls was, ‘When is the right time for the first sexual intercourse?’ Almost one half of respondents, 49 (48.5%) boys and 51 (42.1%) girls agreed that sexuality is sufficiently discussed. Conclusions. Adolescents can participate in the creation of lectures on sexuality by completing a previously prepared questionnaire. These lectures are an imperative as in adolescents the level of knowledge of consequences of irresponsible sexual behaviour is low. Although the girls’ knowledge of sexuality, contraception and sexually transmitted diseases is somewhat greater than the boys’, their sexual behaviour is more risky than in boys.

Objective To compare the TW2, TW2CH and TW3 methods in Chinese girls with idiopathic precocious puberty (IPP) for the radius ulna and short bones (RUS) bone age. Methods 55 girls (aged from 3.2 to 9.9 years) with idiopathic precocious puberty were admitted in the Department of Pediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital from January 1995 to August 2002 as the test group. Among them, 36 cases started breast development before age 8 (aged from 1.50 to 7.90 years). 20 girls had menarche before age 10 (aged from 5.00 to 9.75 years). The control group includes: ① 14 girls started menarche after age 10 (11.45±1.05) years; ②25 girls who started menarche aged from 8 to 10 (9.20±0.67) years with lower weight; ③ 32 girls who started menarche aged from 8 to 10 (9.11±0.74) years with normal weight; ④ 12 girls who started menarche aged from 8 to 10 (9.61±0.66) years with overweight. Their left hand-wrist radiographs taken at their first visit were retrospectively analyzed. Bone age was staged single-blind using the radius ulna and short bones. TW2 London standard radius ulna and short bones (TW2), TW2 in the south of China standard radius ulna and short bones (TW2CH) and TW3 systems were used in bone age estimation. Five decision thresholds were recorded for each system. They were >97th percentile, >90th percentile, >75th percentile, >50th percentile and ≤50th percentile. Results The following four thresholds were relatively high in both sensitivity and specificity: ①>90th percentile of TW2CH (Sen=0.836, Spe=0.915), by which there were 16 cases of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, with a diagnosis accuracy of 88.41%; ②>90th percentile of TW3 (Sen=72.73%, Spe=86.75%), by which there were 26 cases of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, with a diagnosis accuracy of 81.16%; ③>75th percentile of TW2CH, by which there were 28 cases of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, with a diagnosis accuracy of 79.71%; ④>75th percentile of TW3, by which there were 30 cases of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, with a diagnosis accuracy of 78.26%. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUR) with TW2CH: 0.942±0.019 (95% CI 0.905~0.978). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve with TW3: 0.886±0.028 (95% CI 0.831~0.941). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve with TW2 is the smallest: 0.766±0.040 (95%CI 0.688~0.843). Conclusion To evaluate bone age and its percentile with TW-RUS system, the TW2CH has the highest value in diagnosing idiopathic precocious puberty. TW3 and TW2 systems are moderate. The TW2 Britisher standard radius ulna and short bones is the lowest. Key words: age determination by skeleton; TW2 method; TW3 method; idiopathic precocious puberty; diagnostic test; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve

Objective To assess the role of pelvic ultrasound examination in discriminating between normal girls,isolated premature thelarche/pubarche /menarche and central precocious puberty (CPP).Methods Eighty-four isolated premature thelarche/pubarche /menarche cases,47 CPP cases,and 177 normal girls aged 0-10 years were recruited.All diagnoses were confirmed by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulation test.All subjects underwent pelvic ultrasound examination for the measurement of length,width,thickness,and volume of the uterine body,uterine cervix,and ovary,and the number of follicles with diameter≥ 4 mm.The groups were subdivided by age intervals when the difference in ultrasound measurements between CPP,isolated premature thelarche/pubarche/menarche,and normal girls were analyzed.Results 1) Differentiation between CPP and normal girls:for the 6-8 years,there were 11 variables elevated in CPP as compared to the normal girls.Uterine cervix thickness was the most efficient parameter as judged by the largest value of area under the ROC curve (0.958).The best cut-off,sensitivity,and specificity was 0.73 cm,93.30％,and 85.70％ respectively;for the 8-10 years,uterine body volume was the best parameter among the 10 elevated variables as judged by the largest area under the ROC curve (0.869),3.23 cm3 was the best cut-off limit with a sensitivity of 84.21％ and a specificity of 52.11％.2) Differentiation between isolated premature thelarche/pubarche/menarche and normal girls:for the 0-6 years,ovary thickness was the best variable as judged by the largest area under the ROC curve (0.806),0.98cm was the best cut-off limit with a sensitivity of 76.46％ and a specificity of 84.85 ％ ;for the 6-8 years,ovary width was the best variable among the 8 valuable variables for its largest area under the ROC curve (0.843),1.39 cm was the best cut-off limit with a sensitivity of 85.71％ and a specificity of 73.81％ respectively;for the 8-10 years,uterine cervix thickness was the best variable among the 5 valuable variables for its largest area under ROC curve (0.841),0.75 cm was the best cut-off limit with a sensitivity of 90.48％ and a specificity of 64.21％.3) Differentiation between CPP and isolated premature thelarche/ pubarche/menarche cases:for the 6-8 years,uterine cervix length and width were potential parameters.Uterine cervix length was the best variable for its largest area under the ROC curve(0.764),and 1.49 cm was the best cut-off limit,the corresponding sensitivity and specificity was 93.33％ and 55.17％ respectively;for the 8-10 years,3 variables could be used,among which uterine cervix length was the best variable for its largest area under the ROC curve (0.893),1.88 cm was the best cut-off limit with a sensitivity of 100％ and a specificity of 71.43％.Condusions Pelvic ultrasound examination is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and differentiation between CPP,isolated premature thelarche/pubarche /menarche and normal girls. Key words: Ultrasonography; Puberty, precocious

Objective: The prevalence of obesity and overweight has risen greatly worldwide. Nowadays, the issue of school children obesity and metabolism syndrome is getting more pressed and continues to draw attention. Childhood obesity increases the risk of obesity in adulthood, but the effective strategies are poorly understood. Therefore we focus this issue on the adolescents and conduct a study on the eating styles of the subjects, with a focus on the food they consumes and the way they eat relate to body weight. We also strive to investigate of diet education according to group characteristics based on the results we obtained could succeed in reducing obesity and maintain body weight control in school children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the group intervention and nutrition education on the anthropometry in elementary obese children. Method: This study used judgment sampling to recruit 89 overweight volunteers obese students were analyzed on the effect of body weight reduction. All children were randomly divided into three groups to perform four times a week of exercise programs and one time a week of nutrition education. Before and after the study intervention, all of the subjects had received all the anthropometry measurement and a dietary questionnaire. Results: After the intervention, there was a increase in student's height, a significant decrease in the body weight, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and BMI values. Of both the girls and boys, the following factors were found to have influence on body weight statistically, including meal frequency, school lunch intake, bed time, water intake, vegetable consumption, fried food consumption, rice intake, snack food intake, how fast they eat, bowel movement. On the co-ed effect on body weight reduction. There are three groups, one with both girls and boys(co-ed), the other two groups with either girls or boy only . With the same teacher on skills of nutrition improvement and physical fitness for one semester, significant difference of BMI reduction was found. The girls only group achieved a lower BMI than boys only group, while the co-ed group achieved the least. Conclusions: For the obese students in the context of group diet education, gender conscience has a role in achieving body weight reduction. It is conjectured that competitiveness could be heightened and lead to better result in class of the same sex only, esp in girls. This hints that gender segregation might be useful in achieving better weight reduction.

Background and Purpose: To evaluate the dietary patterns and habits, such as frequency of meal intake, consumption of general food items, as well as high-fat high-sugar foods, and special eating habits, in relation to weight status among normal-weight and overweight children in Taiwan. Methods: We collected information on a sample of 802 school children to evaluate their food habits using a structured food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) including 16 items to ascertain how often general food items, high-fat high-sugar foods, and daily meals were consumed. To complete the FFQ, the espondent marked one of five possible frequency categories for each item, ranging from never to once every day. Results: The frequency of meal intake was statistically different between normal-weight and overweight children in both genders. For breakfast intake, about 15.5% overweight boys and 9.2% overweight girls rarely ate; while it was 4.3% normal-weight boys and 4.5% normal-weight girls rarely ate. Meanwhile, among overweight children, 58.6% boys and 64.6% girls rarely ate night snack; and the same habit was found about 39.3% and 54.7% for normal-weight boys and girls. More interestingly, the trend of eating breakfast and taking night snack was significantly different between overweight and normal-weight children in boys. However, the frequencies of general food intake, consumption of high-fat high-sugar foods, and special eating habits were no statistically difference between normal-weight and overweight children in both genders. After multiple variables analyses, the frequency of not daily breakfast consumed in both genders and the frequency of rarely night snack consumed in girls were higher in overweight children compared with that in normal-weight children. Conclusion: Overweight children skipped breakfast and did not take night snack boys only more frequently than the normal-weight children. There was no significant difference in consumption of general food items (such as egg, milk, red meat, vegetables, and fruits), high-fat high-sugar foods (such as salty food, preserved fruits, oily foods, desserts, and beverages) as well as special eating habits (such as meat cooking styles, rice with sauce, consume coffee and tea) between normal-weight and overweight Taiwanese children.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among women and girls may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Objectives: To survey and identify C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and HPV infections in symptomatic and asymptomatic women and girls in Bangkok and surrounding neighborhoods using molecular techniques, evaluate the use of doxycycline treatment for clinically symptomatic patients infected with C. trachomatis, and identify possible genetic mutations associated with persistence and/or drug resistance. Method: We enrolled 150 women and girls with inflamed urogenital tracts and 134 asymptomatic controls, both without a history of HIV infection or cervical cancer in this prospective study. Genomic DNAs were extracted, and C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and HPV infections were detected using established PCR primers and protocols. PCR controls included no confirmatory template controls or human β-globin. Patients infected with C. trachomatis were treated with doxycycline and re-examined after treatment. C. trachomatis major outer membrane (ompA) and tryptophan synthesis A (trpA) genes were sequenced to identify possible genetic mutations associated with persistence and/or drug resistance. Results: C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and HPV were detected in 22%, 6%, and 48% of symptomatic, and in 3%, 16%, and 10% of asymptomatic women and girls, respectively. Coinfection with C. trachomatis and HPV were frequent in the 15-34 year age group, and associated with upper urogenital tract symptoms. Doxycycline was not considered effective for C. trachomatis infection. Several nonconserved amino acid changes were detected in C. trachomatis ompA and trpA. Conclusion: We found different distributions of these pathogens among symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. We also found doxycycline treatment failures, and mutated trpA supported persistent C. trachomatis infections.

Introduction: Headache is a frequent complaint among children and adolescents. Its prevalence is still poorly described in this Portuguese population. The most frequent primary headache disorders are migraine and tension-type headache. The authors aimed to characterise and to determine the prevalence in a three months period of headache among adolescents in a Portuguese urban county. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study with data collected through anonymous questionnaire to an adolescent sample attending the third cycle of basic education. The questionnaire was compiled using the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria. Results: A total of 2123 valid questionnaires were obtained. The three months headache prevalence was 74.5%, higher among female adolescents (boys 63.9%, girls 84.6%). Recurrent headache (more than one episode in three months) prevalence was 49.7% and frequent recurrent headache (14 or more episodes in three months) prevalence was 6.2%. Using a visual analog scale from 0-10 points, the average intensity was 4.64 points (boys 4.47, girls 4.77) and 12.4% (boys 9.3%, girls 15.3%) of all adolescents reported severe intensity pain (≥ 7 points). According to the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria 5.4% (boys 4.3%, girls 6.4%) students reported headache that fulfilled migraine criteria and 7.6% (boys 8.3%, girls 7.0%) tension-type headache criteria. Among female adolescents, significant association was detected (p < 0.05) between the increasing age and the prevalence of three months headache as well as headache that fulfilled migraine criteria. Discussion: This study shows the high prevalence of headache among the studied adolescents supporting the need for greater awareness of this clinical entity.

The aim of the study was to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Among Adolescent Girls in Selected High Schools of Jabapur (M.P.)” Methods: Pre-experimental one group pre-test, post- test design and non-probability sampling technique was used in the present study. The sample consists of 30 adolescent girls of selected schools of Jabalpur selected through non-probability sampling technique. After review of published literature tool was developed to attain knowledge regarding PCOD. Results : Obtained data revealed that maximum (63.33%) knowledge score was at inadequate level in pre test where as in post test maximum (83.33%) respondents had Moderate knowledge The comparative results indicated significant difference among the group as the obtained ‘t’ value 14.33 (df=29) was much higher than the required level of significance. No significant association was seen with the demographic variables Conclusion : Since the results of the t test showed significant difference in pre and post test scores, it may be concluded that STP is an effective tool in enhancing knowledge regarding PCOD among adolescent girls.

Objective To explore age of menarche and associated factors of Han nationality, Zhuang nationality and Yao nation ality girl in Guangxi, and to provide reference for the development of adolescent health education in schools. Methods The 7-, 10- and 13-year-old girls of Han, Zhuang, Yao nationality were chosed from three counties of Guangxi, and height, weight and other physical indicators were measured for three consecutive years, and age of menarche was inquired. 448 cases of with compete data in the three consecutive years of monitoring. The influencing factors were investigated through questionnaire. Results Age of menarche of the whole sample was 11.83 (95% CI = 11.69—11.96) years old, and that of the Han, Zhuang, Yao nationality was 11.87 (95% CI =11.64-12.09), 11.44(95% CI = 11.25-11.64) and 12.42(95% CI = 12.14-12.70)years old respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). Height, sitting height, weight of menarche group in 12 and 13 years old were significantly higher those of the group without menarche ( P <0.05) . Logistic regression analysis primary sitting height, the chest circumference, intake of seafood, duration of sleep in the night and school exercise time were the primary factors for age at menarche ( P <0.01). Conclusion There are ethnic differences in age of menarche among girls in Guangxi, and it is related to sleep, physical activity and dietary structure. Puberty recated health education for girls might start at the fourth grade of primary school, focusing on the education of health life patten, balanced dietary habits, regularly routine, with the goal of growth and development promotion. 【摘要】 目的 探索广西汉族、壮族、瑶族女生月经初潮年龄的影响因素, 为开展学校青春期健康教育工作提供参考依 据。 方法 运用序列研究法, 在广西 3 县分别抽取汉族、壮族、瑶族 7, 10, 13 岁女生, 连续 3 年进行身髙、体重等体格指标 的测量, 并询问月经来潮情况, 最终选取 3 年连续监测的相同有效样本 448 例。使用生长发育影响因素调査表进行调査。 结果 女生的月经初潮半数年龄为 11.83(95% CI = 11.69~11.96) 岁, 汉族、壮族、瑶族依次为11.87(95% CI = 11.64~12.09)、11.44 (95% CI =11.25~11.64) 和 12.42 岁 (95% CI = 12.14~12.70), 差异有统计学意义 ( P <0.05)。12, 13 岁组月经已 来潮女生的身髙、坐髙、体重等均髙于未来潮组, 差异均有统计学意义 ( P 值均<0.05) 。二分类 Logistic 回归分析显示, 月经 初潮年龄的影响因素主要为坐髙、胸围、海产品的摄人、夜间睡眠时长和在校运动时间 ( P 值均<0.01)。 结论 广西女生月 经初潮半数年龄有民族差异, 与运动情况和膳食结构有关。应在小学四年级开始进行女生青春期健康教育, 可侧重于健康 生活模式的教育, 培养学生均衡的膳食习惯和作息的规律, 促进学生的健康生长。

Background: skeletal anomalies rate are increasing, especially among young people. The aim of this study was to investigate skeletal anomalies among male and female students in the middle school of the Bayangan region Kermanshah Iran. Methods: 260 students from Guidance schools in Bayangan region (120 girls and 140 boys) participated in this study. Using Posture Screen and New York Test the skeletal statue of students was analyzed from lateral, posterior and anterior views. Results: The results showed that 75/71% of boys and 87 /5 % of girls and 63 / 463 % in total have skeletal anomalies in their bodies. The difference in frequency between girls and boys was significant (P<0.001). 67/69% of the samples had skeletal anomalies in the lower limb, while only 13/46 % from all samples showed the skeletal anomalies in the upper limb. In addition, the results showed that the genus varum with 43/07% and the haluxe valgus with 19/23% were the most common deformities in the lower limb of the body and uneven shoulders with 6/53% and lambar lordosis with 3/46% were the most common deformities among students in upper limb of their body status. The prevalence of flat backs in boys and girls of was low, but rate of genu varum in both sexes were considerable. Conclusion: The results indicated the high prevalence of these deformities among the students. Lack of attention to teaching and reforming these deformities would increase their occurrence with aging.

Introduction: According to Piaget, children and adolescents pay more attention to films presenting novel and eccentric pictures, different from those of their normal daily life. This research aims at studying the influence of special effects in educational films on learning amount. Methods: In this study, using random cluster sampling method, from among 1777 fourth-graders in state elementary schools in Shahroud, eight classes (250 pupils), and from the practical sciences textbook, four chapters were selected. Eight content-relevant films with and without special effects were also produced. Having displayed the films, the researchers administered a post test including g20 questions (five items for each chapter). The results were analyzed using an independent t-test procedure in boy and girl groups. Results: The results indicated that the mean score of the boys who had seen the films with special effects was 3.64 and that of the boys having seen films with no special effect was 3.65 which do not show any significant difference. However, the mean score of the girls who had seen the films with special effects was 3.52 and that of the girls having seen films with no special effect was 3.29 which shows a significant difference. Conclusion: Creating attractive spaces in films is possible with the aid of special effect techniques, the simplest of which are picture effects such as dissolve, feed and superimpose. These techniques are even simply available on personal computers. Nowadays, computer has changed the society and the learning processes for ever. This study confirms the role of gender in the effectiveness of films with special effects. This fact indicates higher level of excitation in boys, due to their more exposure to computer games and action films.