Correlation between Level of Personal Well-being and Spirituality

The association between socio-cultural factors and well-being among young adult Middle Eastern migrants in Australia

The article analyzes the research of the category of «happiness»; in particular, psychological characteristics and indicators of a happy life, determines common and different features between such concepts as «happiness», «subjective well-being» and «cheerfulness».The psychologists propose a model of subjective well-being, which consists of the following main interconnected components: recurrent positive emotions; negative emotions as an affective component of well-being that are rare; cognitive assessment or «global judgment» of life satisfaction.Joy is the emotional side of happiness, and pleasure is the cognitive side of happiness. The happiness factors are simultaneously sources, conditions and areas of satisfaction with life, and at times personal characteristics of a person.In order to feel happiness, it is necessary to observe two ways of self-regulation of its motivation for the world: a personal increase in the significance of people and an increase in their own capabilities.Along with the term «happiness» other terms are used as well, such as «subjective well-being» and «cheerfulness». «Subjective well-being» consists of psychological, physical and social well-being. Although they have similarities, such terms are not identical and quite independent. Happiness is a sharp and intense sensation; from the point of view of expression other terms are weaker. The most transitory is a feeling of happiness. The longer is the psychological well-being, the longer is the pleasure of life.The authors analyze the psychological, physical and social components of subjective well-being, and the article also defines the external (objective) and internal (subjective) factors of happiness. They distinguish between external (health, income, work, social status, education, age, gender, religion, leisure), internal (neuroticism, extraversion, joy, love) and subjective (assessment of the subject in accordance with his life settings) determinants of happiness. Human happiness lies precisely in a peculiar combination of these factors.

The factor structure of Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB) and their relationship to standardized measures of subjective well-being (SWB) were investigated. Two hundred seventy-seven participants ranging in age from 18 to 48 years were administered the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and the SPWB. Results failed to support either the hypothesis that performing factor analytic procedures on the items of the SPWB should produce a six-factor solution, with scale-specific items loading most highly on their respective factors or the hypothesis that subjecting the sub-scales of the SPWB to factor analytic procedures along with standardized measures of SWB would produce one higher-order well-being factor. Instead, item loadings clustered around three major factors that could not be identified with the six scales proposed by Ryff. Moreover, the factor analysis of SPWB and SWB scale totals produced three, instead of one, higher-order factors. Implications of findings are discussed with respect to the relationship of the PWB construct to the SWB construct.

<b>Citation Information: </b>Anglim, J., &amp; Grant, S. (2014). Predicting Psychological and Subjective Well-Being from Personality: Incremental Prediction from 30 Facets over the Big 5. <i>Journal of Happiness Studies</i>. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9583-7

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context and Relevance.&lt;/strong&gt; This article considers one possible correlate of well-being, the cognitive illusion of age. A number of studies have shown the correlation of cognitive illusions of age with either subjective well-being or psychological well-being, studying it in samples with significant age variation. &lt;strong&gt;Objective.&lt;/strong&gt; To identify the correlation of the cognitive illusion of age with both subjective and psychological well-being of individuals in adolescence and to establish the variables mediating this correlation. &lt;strong&gt;Hypotheses. &lt;/strong&gt;Indicators of subjective and psychological well-being are hypothesized to be significantly higher in adolescents with a negative cognitive illusion of age compared to those with a positive cognitive illusion. Sex and employment are hypothesized to mediate the relationship between the cognitive illusion of age and both subjective and psychological well-being. &lt;strong&gt;Methods and Materials. &lt;/strong&gt;The sample consisted of 96 students (M = 19,27, SD = 0,814, where 48% were young men) aged between 18 and 21 years. The following methods were used: &amp;ldquo;Age-of-me&amp;rdquo; (B. Barak); &amp;ldquo;Life Satisfaction Scale&amp;rdquo; (E. Diener); &amp;ldquo;Positive and Negative Affect Schedule&amp;rdquo; (D. Watson, L. Clark, A. Tellegen); &amp;ldquo;Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-being&amp;rdquo;. &lt;strong&gt;Results.&lt;/strong&gt; The study found that subjective age overestimation (negative cognitive illusion of age), as opposed to positive cognitive illusion, is correlated with higher indicators of psychological and subjective well-being of a person in adolescence. The hypothesis that sex and employment mediate the correlation between the cognitive illusion of age and well-being was tested. It was found that regardless of sex and work experience, negative cognitive illusion was directly related to higher measures of well-being in young adulthood. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions. &lt;/strong&gt;The results suggest that the negative cognitive illusion of age may contribute to higher levels of both psychological and subjective well-being in adolescence.&lt;/p&gt;

The article analyzes the basic theory of subjective well-being. It is indicated that the desire for well-being is one of the main driving forces of human society, its subjective feeling is an important condition for a full-fledged life of a person, therefore, attention is drawn to the need for psychological research related to the analysis of methodological and systemic approaches aimed at studying subjective well-being. The main differences between the theories, as well as the relationship between the concepts of "well-being", "subjective well-being" and "psychological well-being" are shown, a theoretical analysis of existing modern approaches to the problem of studying subjective well-being and its components is carried out. Subjective well- being is considered as an integral psychological formation, including the assessment and attitude of a person to his life and himself. The main approaches to elucidating the components of subjective well-being are characterized – hedonistic and eudemonistic. Based on the analysis of modern and research, a study of its sources and determinants is carried out, the component composition, terminology base is clarified, the influence of various factors, such as: social relations, genetic predisposition, material well-being, joy of needs, existence of goals and meaning of life, physical activity are investigated , individual characteristics, accepting oneself as a person, etc. Through a synthesis of various approaches to understanding subjective well-being, several key statements have been identified in the framework of the study: the positivity of measuring well-being as the presence of positive intensity indicators and experiences of different intensities; global dimension – the interconnection of all aspects of human life (social, biological, psychological, physical) time lag, dynamism; subjectivity as the dependence of the experience of well-being on assessment, attitude and personal experience. Attention is drawn to the fact that the term "subjective well-being" is interdisciplinary and has its meaning in psychology, sociology, economics and the political sciences. The prospect of further research is seen in continuing to study the structural features of models and components of well-being.

• Human-centered computing → Personalization → HCI design and evaluation methods → User models.

Introduction. This study addresses the need to further contextualize research on well-being (e.g., Kjell, 2011) in terms of cross-cultural aspects of personality traits among adolescents and by examining two different conceptualizations of well-being: subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, positive and negative affect) and psychological well-being (i.e., positive relations with others, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, autonomy, personal growth, and life purpose).Methods. Iranian (N = 122, mean age 15.23 years) and Swedish (N = 109, mean age 16.69 years) adolescents were asked to fill out a Big Five personality test, as well as questionnaires assessing subjective well-being and psychological well-being.Results. Swedes reported higher subjective and psychological well-being, while Iranians reported higher degree of Agreeableness, Openness and Conscientiousness. Neuroticism and Extraversion did not differ between cultures. Neuroticism was related to well-being within both cultures. Openness was related to well-being only among Iranians, and Extraversion only among Swedes. A mediation analysis within the Swedish sample, the only sample meeting statistical criteria for mediation analysis to be conducted, demonstrated that psychological well-being mediated the relationship between Neuroticism and subjective well-being as well as between Extraversion and subjective well-being.Conclusions. Certain personality traits, such as Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness, relate differently to well-being measures across cultures. Meanwhile, Neuroticism seems to relate similarly across cultures at least with regard to subjective well-being. Furthermore, the results give an indication on how psychological well-being might mediate the relationship between certain personality traits and subjective well-being. Overall, the complexity of the results illustrates the need for more research whilst supporting the importance of contextualizing well-being research.

The article presents the theoretical and empirical analysis of factors influencing subjective social well-being of people with disabilities. The performed theoretical analysis has showed that subjective social well-being is an integral social and psychological formation that reflects a subjective assessment how successfully a person functions in the social environment. During the empirical study, the sample of people without disabilities showed average and above-average indicators of subjective social well-being, satisfaction with various aspects of their lives, their achievements, living conditions and implementation of their own goals and intentions. The sample of people having disabilities had mainly average and below-average indicators: almost half of them were not satisfied with the conditions of their lives, assessed them as unattractive for themselves. For both samples, the most significant correlations were found between indicators of social well-being and satisfaction with their relationships with others, an existing accepting and supportive circle of communication. Existing negative emotional states in the respondents due to unsatisfactory social relationships were closely related to insufficient resources for comfortable life, which was accompanied by experienced emotional emptiness. The psychological predictors of social well-being were described: awareness, extraversion, existing recovery strategies, non-judgmentalism in the sample of people without disabilities; verbal description, existing recovery strategies, extraversion, non-judgmentalism, age, emotional fulfillment in the sample of people with disabilities.

This article analyses the specificity of subjective social well-being in the context of settlement inequalities. The empirical basis of the analysis is the data of all-Russian representative studies conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is shown that over the past two decades, significant shifts have occurred in the mass consciousness of Russians in terms of perception of various indicators of social well-being. This has led to the formation of a stable and generally harmonious picture of subjective social well-being among residents of all types of settlements. It was also recorded that the indicators related to basic needs (assessments of food, clothing, housing conditions, material security and health) and the social microworld (assessments of family relationships, opportunities for communicating with friends, professional fulfilment, obtaining the necessary education, organising recreation during vacations, leisure time, as well as the situation at work) were perceived more positively by the majority of respondents than the components of social well-being characterising the specifics of the local community (assessments of the place of residence, the position occupied in society, the level of personal safety and the environmental situation) and the conditional &amp;amp;quot;macroworld&amp;amp;quot; (assessments of the availability of the Internet and digital technologies, the level of social security in the event of job loss, as well as opportunities for expressing political views, receiving the necessary medical care and influencing one's own life). The article shows that the subjective social well-being of villagers in comparison with city dwellers still differs for the worse, with the exception of the perception of the block of characteristics of social well-being associated with the specifics of the local community, i.e. place of residence. In this regard, according to the results of the 2023 study, rural residents outperformed city dwellers for the first time. In general, a noticeable trend was revealed towards smoothing out settlement differences in the perception of various aspects of social well-being, primarily due to higher rates of improvement in subjective assessments among rural residents. It was also noted that the problematic background in the perception of social well-being is formed due to the relative dissatisfaction of Russians with certain aspects of life. They are primarily associated with the skeptical assessment by residents of all populated areas of the level of social security of an individual in the event of job loss, dissatisfaction among the population of the centres of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with the environmental situation there, as well as persistent problems with access to the necessary medical care in rural areas.

The current research was made to investigate the effect of an intervention program based on CBT on coping with stress and psychological well-being in persons with panic disorder. This research was conducted between May 2021 and July 2022 in a training and research hospital and a university hospital as quasi-experimental design with two-site comparison research with a pretest-posttest and control group. The research's participants were 105 persons with panic disorder (54 in the control group and 51 in the experimental group). The Descriptive Features Form, the Psychological Well-being Scale (PWS), and the coping with stress scale (CSS) were utilized to gather data. The persons in the experimental group performed eight sessions (one session per week) of CBT-based intervention program in the form of group training, and no training was performed on the persons in the control group. The variation between the PWS and the CSS pretest total mean score and the posttest total mean score of the persons in the experimental group was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CBT-based intervention program can be utilized as an effective psychosocial intervention to enhance coping with stress and promote psychological well-being in persons with panic disorder.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness education on emotional, psychological, and social well-being of 12th grade students in Tehran. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study included all 12th grade students of the 12th district of Tehran in the academic year of 2018 to 2019. 60 students who gained low scores in three dimensions of Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire of Keyes and Magyar-Moe (2003) were selected through random sampling method. The participants were assigned into 2 experimental and control groups. The experimental groups received a Mindfulness protocol in 8 sessions during 2 hours. After completion of the sessions, all the participants were re-evaluated. Data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings showed that in the emotional well-being aspect, with the components of positive emotional affection (P < 0.025, F = 17/80) and negative emotions (P <0.025, F = 5/41), in the psychological well-being, with the components self-esteem (P < 0.008, F = 25.26), life goal (P < 0.008, F = 38.19), environmental domination (P <0.008, F=82.82), relationships with others (P < 0.008, F = 19.12), as well as personal development (P < 0.008, F = 87.38), and in the social well-being aspect, admission and acceptability (P <0.01, F =18.09) and realism (P <0.01, F = 11.30), there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups and it can be concluded that the mindfulness education affects the improvement of psychological, social and emotional well-being components in the students.

The study was conducted using the descriptive-correlational method. Employing random sampling and Slovin's formula, a total of 365 undergraduate students of SPAMAST were the subjects of the study. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio-demographic profile, level of mental health, and academic performance of the students. Spearman correlation was utilized to investigate the relationship between the variables. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) generated the structural model that best fits mental health and academic performance. Results revealed that the respondents have positive mental health and satisfactory academic performance. Through correlational analysis, results showed that emotional, social, and psychological well-being have no significant relationship to academic performance. Further, a structural equation model that best fits mental health and academic performance revealed that social and psychological well-being positively influences academic performance. In contrast, emotional well-being has a negative influence. Moreover, it was revealed that emotional well-being was highly correlated with social and psychological well-being. At the same time, social well-being is highly correlated with psychological well-being. Hence, cultivating any of these factors will significantly enhance the other factors. The obtained best-fit model can explain 28% of the data being considered for the study.

Subjective well-being (SWB) refers to the overall evaluation that people make about the quality of their life, generally by summing up their essential life experiences along a positive—negative continuum. Though SWB is widely considered indicative of mental health (Bryant & Veroff, 1984; Gurin, Veroff, & Feld, 1960), the exact relationship between the two constructs is not yet settled. The definition of the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) for mental disorder does not allude to SWB, but rather to “present distress” (p. xxi). In its definition since the 1940s, the World Health Organization (1996) states that “health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (p. 1). Notably, this definition does not separate physical from mental health, and regards “well-being” in its broadest sense as an essential constituent of health. Thus, mental health can be conceptualized as composed of two inclusive elements, psychological distress and psychological well-being (Veit & Ware, 1983), which are not mutually reducible, but rather complementarily indicate the variations in a person’s mental status (Lewinsohn, Redner, & Seeley, 1991). Although most scholars are concerned with the psychopathological and distressful aspects of mental health, the “positive mental health” approach (Johoda, 1958) attempts to better understand the role of adaptive processes. It can reasonably be assumed that SWB plays a role in at least some of these processes.

Introduction: According to a recent study in India, perinatal mortality and morbidity score is high and high-risk is one of the most leading cause. All the antenatal women should be assessed for the risk factors like maternal age, reproductive history, the previous still birth, neonatal deaths, congenital anomalies, grand multiparty, anaemia, previous preterm, preeclampsia, previous caesarean, Rh-isoimmunisation, ABO incompatibility, medical diseases like diabetes, renal diseases, pulmonary diseases, family history of diabetes, hypertension and congenital malformations. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the biopsychosocial wellbeing and find out relation between biological, psychological and social wellbeing of high-risk pregnant women. Material and Methods: This study utilized a survey approach with a descriptive study design and was conducted in selected private hospitals in Udupi district, Karnataka. A total of 303 women with high-risk pregnancy after 28 weeks of gestation, attending Obstetrics and Gynaecology OPDs and who were admitted in the antenatal wards, were selected by using non- probability purposive sampling technique. Descriptive (Frequency and percentage) and Inferential statistics (Spearman’s ρ) was used to analyse the data. Result: The prevalence of low biological wellbeing was found to be 161 (53.1%), low psychological wellbeing 148 (48.8%), high psychological wellbeing, low social wellbeing 172(56.76%) among 303 high-risk pregnant women more than 28 weeks of gestation. There was statistically significant relationship between biological and psychological wellbeing (Spearman ρ=0.56, p=< 0.000): biological and social wellbeing (Spearman’s ρ=0.245, p=<0.000); social and psychological wellbeing (Spearman ρ=0.391, p=<0.000). Conclusion: The present study concluded that majority of high-risk pregnant women had low bio-psychosocial wellbeing and had significant relation in between biological, psychological and social wellbeing which may help health care workers to contribute a need-based quality care and help to improve the outcome of pregnancy. How to cite this article:Bera T, D’Souza SRB, Karkada S. Biopsychosocial Wellbeing of High-Risk Pregnant Women: A Descriptive Study. Int J Nurs Midwif Res 2019; 6(4): 39-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.9318.201931