Design and analysis of four elements E, H and combined E-H shaped microstrip patch array antenna for wireless applications

In this paper, metamaterial superstrate is proposed to enhance the performance parameters of conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The metamaterial is designed using proposed diagonally connected square split ring resonator (DC SSRR). The designed DCS SRR shows the negative values of refractive index for broadband frequency band, 5.0 GHz to 12 GHz. Use of metamaterial superstrate on conventional rectangular microstrip antenna improves the return loss by 18 dB and enhances the gain, bandwidth and radiation efficiency by 1.2 dBi, 28 MHz and 17.5% respectively. The permittivity, permeability and refractive index of metamaterial are numerically computed using MATLAB. All performance parameters of antenna and S-parameters of DC SSRR are obtained using commercially available full wave electromagnetic simulator HFSS based on finite element method and verified by measured results. Good agreement is found between simulated and measured results.

A reduced-size wideband single-feed circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is presented for telemetry applications in S-band around 2.4 GHz. In this paper we compare the performance of microstrip patch antenna designed over two layer conventional substrate with different relative permittivity and different height and over a Reactive Impedance Substrate with slot, both of them being constituted with the same substrate layers. In particular we optimize the feeding position and number of reactive elements upon the antenna bandwidth and axial ratio. The proposed structure consists of a slot-loaded patch antenna printed over an optimized metamaterial-inspired reactive impedance substrate (RIS). We demonstrate, step by step, the main role of each antenna element by comparing numerically the performance of various antenna configurations, antenna over a single layer substrate or dual-layer substrate, patch without slot or slot-loaded patch, antenna with or without RIS. The final optimized structure exhibits an axial-ratio bandwidth of about 15% and an impedance bandwidth better than 10%, which is much wider than the conventional printed antenna on the same materials. The return loss pattern of different microstrip patch antenna with and without RIS arrangement is also compared using HFSS simulation software.

Fractal antennas have the characteristic of radiating in multiple frequencies through the property of self similarity that fractal shapes posses. By connecting fractal shaped antennas, wideband coverage can be achieved. Microstrip patch antennas with Sierpinski fractal geometry can be tuned, by design, to work exactly at the bands of interest, through judicious choice of the fractal designs and iteration. Therefore, a broadband dual-frequency microstip patch antenna with modified Sierpienski fractal geometry is designed by using Microwave Office 2002 simulation software. The broadband and multiple frequency characteristics of fractal antennas will be demonstrated. The performance of microstrip patch antenna with the classic and modified Sierpinski fractal geometries will be presented.

Planar Beam-forming Antenna Array for 60-GHz Broadband Communication

The present investigation deals with the fabrication of silver (Ag) patch antenna with yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thick film layer inclusion as substrate overlay to enhance its performance. In this paper, YIG nanopowder was mixed with organic vehicle which consists of linseed oil, m-xylene and α-terpineol with powder ratio of 30 wt%. Then the mix was stirred at 150rpm for 3 hours at 40°C in order to obtain homogenous paste, followed by printing it onto FR4 substrate using the screen printing technique to form the YIG thick film layer before dried at 200°C. A basic square shape patch antenna by using silver paste was printed onto the YIG layer and then compared with another patch antenna which was printed without the YIG layer. The results shown that the antenna with YIG thick film layer has return loss of −19.67dB, resonant frequency 6.42GHz, bandwidth 3.13 and Q factor of 2.051, which is better compared to the antenna without the layer by 138.13%, 3.22%, 49.76% and 31.08% respectively.

Graphene based array antennas are becoming more popular for wireless applications due to their ultra slim structure, versatile nature, flexibility, robustness and other advantages as compared to conventional patch antennas. Small size and high gain coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed single element microstrip patch antenna (MPA), 16 elements array antenna and 32 elements array antenna for millimeter wave applications are presented in this paper. The proposed antenna configurations have been designed and simulated using computer simulation technology (CST). Kapton is used as the dielectric substrate having dielectric constant of 3.5 and thickness of 0.075 mm. Graphene is used in the radiating patch as well as ground plane of the antennas whose electrical conductivity is of 1.4286 × 106 S/m2. The thickness of patch and ground plane are of 0.025 mm and 0.05 mm respectively. Each single element antenna has dimension of 1.75×1.5×0.075 mm3 and each array configuration consist of corresponding number of same dimensional single elements. The results of all the proposed antenna configurations have been analyzed in terms of return loss, bandwidth, gain, VSWR and radiation efficiency. Among all the proposed antennas and analyzed feeding methods, the grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) feed 32 elements array antenna shows the best performance.

Role of di-electric materials as substrate for the performance of microstrip patch antenna: a review

The implications of the WiFi technology are rapidly expanded due to the revolution of this technology in the telecommunication domain. The coverage space of the Wi-Fi sources still an issue, which limit the usability of the WiFi in various applications such as home, offices, hotels, and restaurants. The patch antenna is effective technology that can strength the signals gaining and distribution of the WiFi. This study proposes patch antenna design for the indoor WiFi applications of 2.4 GHz. The main objective of this study is to present miniaturized patch antenna of effective Omni-directional radiation based on the 2.4 GHz frequency. The proposed patch antenna is structured as dual rectangle shapes like the eye glass shape. The size of the antenna substrate is 15mm * 25 mm * 1.4 mm in order to ensure the miniaturized properties of the antenna. The bottom side of the substrate is printed with a microstrip feed line, and the copper is the material of the antenna. The proposed patch antenna is applied on S11 parameters that support the WiFi applications of 8.2.11g standard. The operating frequency is 2.4 GHz with 50 Ω as input impedance. The gain mode is about 1.8 dB that constrained by return loss less than -10 dB. To evaluate the proposed antenna, the Vector Network Analyzer is applied using tool called CST Studio Suite. The simulation shows that the proposed antenna address the Omni-directional radiation of 2.4 GHz frequency under gaining loss less than -10 Db. The efficiency of the antenna radiation records about 72%, which is good records comparing with the past studies. The main contribution of this study is the effectiveness of the miniaturized properties of the proposes patch antenna.

The antenna's design and frequency reconfiguration have a significant impact on its performance, which makes it perfect for a particular use case such as the Internet of Things. In this, study developed a unique metamaterial patch antenna design using a frequency reconfiguration technique. In the study, the metamaterial microstrip patch antenna (MMPA) was deployed in an Internet of Things application utilizing a frequency reconfiguration approach, achieved with the help of a PIN Diode. Changing the bias of two PIN diode switches altered the resonating frequency. An FR-4 substrate with a copper patch forms the proposed antenna. The suggested antenna construction has dimensions of 23 x 19 〖mm〗^2. Two steps are involved in the design of a reconfigurable multiband antenna. The first designed Monopole for a Single Band with a centre frequency of 4.0GHz and the Second designed Multiband using a Rectangular Split Ring Resonator (RSRR) on the Ground Plane which includes two PIN diodes as switches, is evaluated in the ON-ON, OFF-ON, ON-OFF, and OFF-OFF switching scenarios. Antenna performance parameters like Gain, reflection coefficient, radiation efficiency, and standing wave ratio of voltage are used to estimate the presentation of the suggested antenna. At the Operating frequency of 3.6 GHz, the suggested antenna's efficiency and gain are 1.68 dB and 81%, respectively.

Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile, low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch. The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch. However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used .

In this research, we utilized Ansoft's HFSS v13, which is a Finite Element Method (FEM) based electromagnetic (EM) simulator, to design and analyze two types of patch antennas: a 1x4 circular microstrip patch antenna and a 1x4 hexagonal microstrip patch antenna, operating at 5 GHz. The circular patch antenna was fabricated on a FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4dB and a height of 1.6mm. Various antenna characteristics, such as return loss, radiation pattern, directivity, gain, return loss and radiation efficiency, were investigated. The designed 1x4 hexagonal patch antenna and 1x4 circular patch antenna achieved a bandwidth of 3.79% with return loss values well below -30dB. Additionally, a favorable directivity value of 4.5dBi and a gain of 2.7dBi for the 1x4 circular patch antenna and a gain of 3.9dBi for the 1x4 hexagonal patch antenna were obtained. Due to their C-band architecture, these microstrip patch antennas can be employed in various satellite communication applications, such as transponders.

This paper presents the impact of dielectric substrates with different relative permittivity ‎used in designing a square ring patch antenna. Choice of suitable substrate material is essential while configuring the square ring microstrip patch antenna, since ‎dielectric constant of a substrate is a basic parameter over regulating return loss, gain, ‎bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and effectiveness of radiation ‎pattern. Two fundamental properties of substrate material is considered in this research i.e. dietetic ‎constant and loss tangent. Therefore, increasing the permittivity of substrate ‎material permits compact size of antenna, but return loss, gain and directivity of ‎antenna diminishing with admiration to the increment of dielectric substrate. The ‎proposed geometric antennas have been designed utilising Computer Simulated ‎Technology (CST) Microwave and MATLAB as a tool for the application, the antenna is ‎acknowledged utilising a square ring patch simulated with different dielectric ‎constant and contains radiating patch and ground plane. It has been considered ‎several of dielectric material whose permittivity ranges from 1.96 to 6.15 relying ‎on demand of GSM at desired frequency 1.8 GHz.

The microstrip antenna has a great attention in wireless application because it has different shapes to design. In this paper the square shaped patch antenna is designed with different material for the substrate to improve the efficiency of the antenna. The substrate with high permittivity couples the power into the surface wave that leads to the decrease in efficiency and increases the return loss to overcome this problem substrate with photonic band gap structure is used to weaken the surface wave mode and to improves the efficiency and reduces the return loss. This is due to the periodicity in the dielectric medium. The design of microstrip patch antenna is done by the CST (computer simulation technology). The result gives the lower return loss will be considered as the efficient one. The analyses should be done for different substrate to get the efficient antenna.

Co-substituted CuO–ZrO2–Nb2O5 composite ceramics with low-temperature sintering and low-loss for high-performance patch antenna

This paper presents a novel complementary CPWfed slotted microstrip patch antenna for operation at 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 6.3 GHz frequencies. The primary structure consists of the complementary split ring resonator slots on a patch and the design is fabricated on FR-4 epoxy substrate with substrate thickness of 1.6 mm. The described structure lacks the presence of a ground plane and makes use of a number of circular complementary SRRs along with rectangular slots on the radiating patch. The structure provides a wide bandwidth of around 390 MHz, 470 MHz and 600 MHz at the three bands with return losses of -11.5 dB, -24.3996dB and -24.4226 dB, respectively. The inclusion of the rectangular slots in the CSRR based slot antenna with stairecase structure improved the performance with respect to return loss.