Design of spanner shape micro strip patch antenna for Wi-Max applications

This paper presents comparison of rectangular micro strip patch antenna and E-Shaped micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.45GHz. Two parallel slots are made into the basic rectangular patch design of micro strip antenna which resulted into desired E-shaped patch. The basic design consist of inset feed type and we have used dielectric substrate Fr4 epoxy whereas E-shaped patch consist of coaxial probe and RT Duroid as substrate. Both the designs have been implemented using HFSS software. On comparing the parameters of both the antenna’s design, it was observed that E-shaped patch antenna has enhanced gain and return loss, hence the antenna with enhanced parameters is considered, the better one. Keywords : Rectangular patch antenna, Micro strip patch, E-shaped patch, coaxial feed Cite this Article Priya Sharma, Shreya Ghare, Shruti Jain, Archana Tiwari. Design and Simulation of E-Shape Micro-strip Patch Antenna at 2.45GHz. Journal of Microwave Engineering & Technologies . 2020; 7(1): 17–24p.

This paper presents a design of triangular microstrip patch antenna with varying substrate heights. The operating frequency used is in the range 1–3 GHz for wireless communication systems. Microstrip patch antenna with triangular shape is fabricated on FR-4 substrate which has a relative permittivity of 4.4 and mounted at a height above ground plane. Important parameters of antenna like return loss, input impedance, antenna gain, and VSWR are observed and comparison is done among the different antenna widths.

The design of stacked patch antenna integrated with metamaterial for broadband applications to achieve appreciable gain, directivity and low return loss is presented in this article. It mainly focuses on optimization and easy adaptation in MMIC technology. The antenna is designed to carry out by combining two Microstrip patch antenna in a stack manner and Metamaterial is implemented by Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) technique on both side of the patch antenna and slots are introduced at four corners of the patch and adjacent to the metamaterial. The designed antenna is capable of maintaining its performance over wireless system at C band (4-8 GHz) frequency range. The substrate used is FR-4 with thickness of 0.8mm and permittivity) is 4.2. It is simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) and it is resonated around 6 GHz. It yields a VSWR of about 1.014 (6.25 GHz), 1.022 (5.829 GHz) and 1.015 (6.522 GHz) under simulation and 1.25 (6.03 GHz), 1.119 (5.74 GHz) and 1.247 (5.36 GHz) in measurements respectively. Thus the antenna becomes a necessity for many applications in recent wireless communications such as RADAR and space applications.

In this research, we utilized Ansoft's HFSS v13, which is a Finite Element Method (FEM) based electromagnetic (EM) simulator, to design and analyze two types of patch antennas: a 1x4 circular microstrip patch antenna and a 1x4 hexagonal microstrip patch antenna, operating at 5 GHz. The circular patch antenna was fabricated on a FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4dB and a height of 1.6mm. Various antenna characteristics, such as return loss, radiation pattern, directivity, gain, return loss and radiation efficiency, were investigated. The designed 1x4 hexagonal patch antenna and 1x4 circular patch antenna achieved a bandwidth of 3.79% with return loss values well below -30dB. Additionally, a favorable directivity value of 4.5dBi and a gain of 2.7dBi for the 1x4 circular patch antenna and a gain of 3.9dBi for the 1x4 hexagonal patch antenna were obtained. Due to their C-band architecture, these microstrip patch antennas can be employed in various satellite communication applications, such as transponders.

SUMMARYIn this paper, the design of a penta‐band slot radiator for the WLAN (2.26‐2.61 GHz), WiMAX (3.14‐4.49 GHz), and C band (4‐8 GHz) antenna design and fabrication process is proposed. The proposed system (antenna) has a dielectric substrate material and radiating patch (T‐shaped) with an inverted‐L slot (both left and right sides of the feed), circle slot, and comb‐shaped ground structure on the back of the substrate. The proposed dimension of the antenna is 20 × 30 mm2, and it is designed and fabricated on FR4 substrate. It can be designed to cover the frequency bands of 2.61, 3.12, 4.32, 6.54, and 7.62 GHz. It can be designed using advanced design system (ADS) and measured using vector network analyzer (VNA). The obtained simulation result of the proposed antenna is achieved with better return loss.

A novel metamaterial structure has been proposed for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) applications. A patch antenna with dimension of 18 mm × 13.9 mm and resonating at 5 GHz has been designed and the effect of Double Negative (DNG) metamaterial loading for the patch size reduction as well as a lowering in resonance frequency for the fixed size patch antenna has been proposed. A size reduction of 72.5% in the patch antenna has been obtained with the loading of this metamaterial structure and the effect of loading the metamaterial shows that without reducing the size, the patch antenna can work at 3.7 GHz resonance, providing a lowering in resonance frequency by 26%. The metamaterial structure consists of two concentric loops with an outer radius of 3.1 mm. The width of the ring is 1.0 mm and the split is 0.5 mm and has been designed over a 1.57 mm thick Fr4 substrate. The bending effect of the patch antenna with and without metamaterial loading and its comparison with the planar patch antenna has been also shown here. The metamaterial structure has shown its resonance at 5 GHz and its permittivity and permeability behavior over the desired frequency range has been plotted. The simulation of traditional patch antenna and patch antenna over metamaterial has been compared for its return loss, VSWR, gain and efficiency. Finally, a spice circuit for the S parameter of the metamaterial, patch antenna and patch antenna loaded with metamaterial has been obtained using Matlab and ADS for its equivalence to 3D field solver and its comparison has been plotted for its verification.

In this paper, a multi resonant MPA capable of operating satisfactorily in the frequency range of 2.39 GHz to 5.79 GHz have been proposed. The antenna has been designed using substrate of FR4 material having dielectric constant of 4.4 with a conducting radiating patch on the substrate and a conducting ground plane on the bottom side of substrate. The ground plane has been partially reduced to improve the antenna bandwidth. The antenna performance has been analyzed in terms of various antenna parameters such as return loss (dB), impedance bandwidth (GHz), gain (dB), directivity (dBi), Half power Beam width (Degree), current density and VSWR. The antenna has been designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio (2010). The designed MPA is suitable to be used for Bluetooth, IMT, WLAN and WiMAX applications. The antenna has bandwidth of 3.40 GHz and VSWR of less than 2. The antenna has been successfully fabricated and tested. It has been observed that the practical results obtained by testing the fabricated antenna using Network analyzer E5071C closely matches with the theoretical results obtained by simulating the antenna design in CST MWS 2010.

A novel 377 Ω patch antenna operating at GSM 900 downlink band for RF energy harvesting is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The designed antenna consists of a normal patch with two steps incorporated at the appropriate position to enhance its bandwidth. The antenna is designed and tested in Agilent advance design systems ADS environment and constructed on a FR4 substrate. The antenna yields an impedance bandwidth of 34.35% (325 MHz) at 946 MHz centre frequency with a return loss S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</inf> of •29.22dB and gain of 5.2 dBi. The proposed patch antenna is suitable for ambient RF energy harvesting at downlink frequency band of GSM 900 as demonstrated by simulation and experimental results. The measured results closely agree with the simulated results.

Design of a Low-Cost Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications at 3.5 GHz

Wireless communication systems, satellite communication and radar systems are generally used low pass microwave filter for frequency selection. The low pass microwave filters are essential for reject harmonic components which are above cut off frequency. High impedance and low impedance microstrip lines are used in stepped impedance microwave filter design. In this proposed filter describes the design of C-band microstrip line low pass filter. In this paper we have choose the bandwidth of 4GHz and implemented with FR4 substrate. Relative permittivity is 4.2 with a thickness of 62 mil for 6th order low pass filter. I have achieved the cut off frequency 4.010GHz for -3dB. The return loss is greater than -47 dB. The proposed low pass stepped impedance microwave filter describes the designing of Butterworth approximation and cut off frequency at 4GHz with an realization of microstrip line. This low pass filter design is simulated by Advanced Design System (ADS) software.

Filters plays important role in the design of RF module for the Communication systems. In this paper we are presenting the microstrip Bandpass filter (BPF) for the Asian Pacific Telecommunication (APT) Band 28. The Filter is of Chebyshev type of 7th order for the frequency range of 758 to 803MHz with a Pass Band ripple and Fraction Bandwidth of 0.1dB and 5.7% respectively. The design is based on the Even and Odd mode coupling nature of the Microstrip Transmission Lines. The Filter is simulated using Advanced Design System(ADS) simulation software. Fr4 substrate with a Dielectric constant of 4.6 with a substrate height of 1.6mm is used. The results obtained shows a insertion loss S(2,1)= −1.7dB and the return loss S(1,1)= −17dB. The designed filter shows good passband response and the good stopband attenuation.

A common cause of death of women is Breast Cancer and Tumors, and it is difficult to detect both of these at the early stage due to their minimal structure. Microwave Imaging is one of the effective techniques among the current and past methods. In this paper, a compact size microstrip patch antenna has been designed in CST Studio Suite Software for microwave imaging to diagnose breast cancer using the FR-4 (Lossy) substrate material with a resonant frequency of 2.3 GHz (S-band), varying from 1.5 GHz to 3 GHz. A feedline fed the antenna’s radiating patch, which is rectangular in size. The breast model with tumors was designed in the CST consisting of skin, fat, glandular, and cancer affected tissues. A Return Loss (S1,1) value of −37.28 dB and −45.72 dB were obtained in free space and after applying the antenna in the cancer affected breast phantom, respectively. Other obtained output parameter values such as Directivity (2D and 3D), Radiation Efficiency, Polar Radiation, etc., are also presented in this paper, showing that the antenna model would be a better option for breast cancer diagnosis.

In this paper, we have proposed a Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna with a Defected Ground Structure (DGS). Here, we have integrated the concept of DGS and Slotted Patch Antenna in order to get enhanced bandwidth and gain. The proposed antenna consists of a microstrip fed slotted rectangular patch with E-shaped cut in the ground plane. The performance of this antenna is discussed and analyzed with the variations in patch width and number of slots. The variations in Return Loss (S11), Radiation Pattern and Gain of the designed antenna are analyzed for different case studies. The antenna shows a dual band characteristics having a return loss of below −20 dB at 3.2–3.5 GHz and below −10 dB at 5.6–5.8 GHz, which is suitable for IEEE 802.16 WiMAX and IEEE11p WLAN applications. CST MWS 2015 is used to simulate the antenna structure.

This paper presents a review of existing works and solutions in the field of solar/electromagnetic energy harvesting and RF transmission. Solar cell antenna is a combination of Solar cell and Microstrip antenna. Solar Cell Antenna design is mainly used in autonomous property for transceiver. The objective of this work was to use photovoltaic solar cells in patch antenna structures. The radiating patch element of a patch antenna was replaced by a solar cell. Direct Current (DC) generation remained the original feature of the solar cell, but additionally it was now able to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves. Here, we used a new patch antenna structure based on a photovoltaic solar cell. It was then used to collect photo-generated current as well as Radio Frequency (RF) transmission. A mathematical model which would serve the minimization of power losses of the cell and therefore the improvement in the conversion efficiency was studied. A simulation allowed analyzing the performance of the antenna, with a silicon material, and testing its parameters such as the reflection coefficient (S11), gain, directivity and radiated power. The performance analysis of the solar cell patch antenna was conducted using Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Simulation results for this antenna showed a resonance at a frequency of 15.77 GHz with an effective return loss of −27.62dB and a gain of 5.77dBi.

In this paper, we have designed various shapes of patch antennas like Rectangular patch antenna, U-shaped, E-shaped and Rectangular shaped vertical slot antenna which is resonated at 0.7THz–0.8THz. The main theme of this paper is to overcome the major disadvantages of basic microstrip patch antenna like narrow bandwidth, high return loss etc. The recent improvements in wireless technology give a big challenge to design a patch antenna which results in wide bandwidth, low loss and better efficiency at terahertz region. The performance of various shapes can be analyzed by different parameters like Return loss, VSWR, Radiation pattern. In this parametric study, we have investigated and found that among all the configurations the Rectangular shaped vertical slot antenna yields better performance and having a return loss of −32db and it resonates at 0.75THZ. Terahertz antennas which find its applications in satellite communications, civil and military applications. The proposed antennas are designed and simulated by using a finite element method based electromagnetic solver, Ansys-High-Frequency Structure Simulator Software(HFSS).