Designing Smart Parking Application for Car Parking Space Arrangement

The parking space is one of the crucial problems in the urban city. Most buildings have parking facilities for residents and visitors. The common parking patterns are parallel parking, perpendicular parking and angular parking. Parallel parking is a common design for street side parking whereas perpendicular parking and angular parking are a common design for garages. Angular parking is easy to park than other types. A typical parking space for a personal car is 3 meters in width and 6 meters in length. The parking space have limitation but the number of car increasing along with the economic growth [7]. So the parking space should accommodate the maximum number of car. Normally, the parking space configuration is designed by architects or construction engineers because it's required technical knowledge to calculate a number of car and parking pattern. In parking area, there must be an alleyway for cars to enter and exits. This study is to design and implement a calculation model for number of car and parking pattern in the specified parking area. In the calculation, the dimension and the specific condition of parking area is require. The model calculate the maximum number of car and also calculate the parking pattern for the parking area. This model is use to support non-technical user during the parking area design and can be as engine to develop mobile application for general user in the future.

In this work, we describe the implementation of a smart parking and mapping system, named Smart Park, for searching and booking parking spaces in uncovered parking areas. This system comprises of a mobile application which allows users to view and select available parking slots on an interactive map based on aerial imagery. The system can suggest parking spaces based on criteria such as vehicle dimensions, distance to destination and user preferences. QR technology has been used to allow users to check-into and out of the parking lot. Moreover, the application integrates a map guidance system to guide users to their designated parking spaces. The application features an administrator interface, with parking data represented in visual format, for analysis and strategic decision making. The features implemented are aimed at alleviating the difficulties in parking identification and allocation, thereby minimising congestion in and around parking lots.

With the continuous acceleration of China’s modernization process, the number of private cars has increased sharply, and the traffic flow of various parking lots is increasing. The parking management of motor vehicles has become a problem of great concern to the society. In view of the shortage of parking spaces, the long time of manual fee collection, low efficiency and the inability to quickly find the reserved parking spaces in urban parking lots in China. At the same time, in large shopping malls, there is a common phenomenon that the parking range is single or the parking space is difficult to find, which makes the vehicles stay in the parking lot in a short time and cause congestion. For parking lot managers, it is difficult to timely regulate the parking lot through the existing traffic flow information of the parking lot, and it is impossible to determine the number of vacant parking spaces in the parking lot in real time. At the same time, The existing management system has problems such as low efficiency, poor scalability and less service content, which is difficult to solve in the face of emerging problems. Therefore, based on the above problems, this project designs an urban intelligent parking cloud platform based on wechat applet, which can distinguish users and administrators, select spare parking spaces, route navigation and time payment of parking fees for parking users, and the parking lot managers can understand the spare parking spaces and vehicle payment of the parking lot they manage, At the same time, it can detect the traffic flow through the traffic flow in a period of time and give early warning to prevent the accumulation of vehicles in the parking lot. Users and administrators can obtain more convenient and real-time information only through mobile phones, which solves the difficult problem of parking management in intelligent parking lot.

This article is devoted to the study of the most urgent problem of large megacities such as acute shortage of free areas and an acute shortage of parking spaces. Modern methods of solving this problem are considered, foreign experience is learned and practical examples of mechanized multi-level parking in different countries. Currently, most of the residential property, as well as hotels and business centers are being built with standard parking spaces. During the operation of such parking lots, the developer understands that the number of parking spaces provided is significantly less than the number of cars that want to leave their car in the parking lot. The shortage of free parking spaces and parking spaces for parking lots significantly increases the importance of building and arranging multi-level parking lots. The system of high-altitude automatic parking lots offers a serious alternative to the generally accepted ideas about parking of vehicles.

A decision support system for available parking slots on the roadsides in urban areas

Nowadays the concept of smart cities has gained grate popularity. and thanks to the IoT of things technology for the concept and the idea of smart city in this paper, we present an IoT based smart parking system. A Smart parking system that helps drivers to find vacant spot. Driver Problems such as limited car parking, traffic problems and road safety are being addressed by IoT. In this paper, I present an IoT based smart parking system. The Smart car Parking system will help user to solve the problem for finding a parking space and to reduce the time that they have spent in searching for the nearest available car parking. A mobile application is also provided that allows an end user to check the availability of parking space and book a parking slot according to their time convenience.

In the modern world with about a billion vehicles present around the globe, and being in a densely populated country like India creates the need for an efficient parking system and with world advancing towards automation, there is also a need for an automated parking system. Mainly the problem of parking arises in big cities and this causes problems like traffic congestion, driver frustration & air pollution, etc. The issue mainly arises from not knowing whether the parking spaces is available at any given point of time. Even if known, many vehicles may be competing for limited parking spaces causing severe traffic congestions. Even there are problems that can be caused with regards to the parking management. It may be difficult for the parking management to organise the parking of the vehicles in an orderly manner. Thus we are trying to resolve the problems stated by developing an RFID based smart parking system that monitors the availability of idle parking slots and guides the vehicle to the nearest such slot by sending a message to the mobile number registered in the vehicle’s RFID. The proposed system uses infrared transmitter-receiver pairs that remotely communicate the status of parking occupancy to the Arduino UNO microcontroller and displays the vacant slots on the display at the entrance of the parking so that the user gets to know the availability /unavailability of parking space prior to his/her entry into the parking place. Implementation involves minimal human interaction and provides a seamless parking experience thereby reducing a lot of time wasted by the user in parking his/her vehicle. Key Words: Parking System, RFID, Arduino UNO

Parking space is becoming a serious problem due to the day-by-day increase in number of vehicles on the road. Particularly, in cities with large population, or in places where sports or artistic events are scheduled, looking for parking space is a major problem and finding a parking spot can be a frustrating experience. In order to combat this problem, some parking lots have introduced sensors to detect when a car enters or leaves a parking lot in order to track capacity and alert drivers if they are full. This is a partial solution that allows drivers to determine if a parking lot has open parking spots, but not the exact location of those spots. In this paper, we present a prototype of smart parking system using wireless sensor technology and networks. Using a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), parking spot statuses (occupied or idle) are detected and transmitted to a database. This information then be accessed by users through website or mobile app (application) to receive real-time updates. This system should provide users with near instantaneous updates of available parking spots while the WSN allows for flexibility of sensor placement. With the successful implementation of smart parking, the economical and time costs associated with traffic jams, cost associated with wasted gas fuel, and time looking for an empty parking space that are caused by inefficient parking will be significant reduced.

Increased use of cars that are not balanced with the provision of adequate parking areas and many drivers who park in any place. The existing parking system only utilizes the parking area and the parking attendant who controls it. Motorists also have to find a place that is free of parking officers or drivers do not pay attention to the parking area, the vehicle owner will look for must get out if you do not get a parking space. To overcome this, make a parking system by using a microcontroller system that facilitates vehicle users to understand the number and arrange an empty parking space. The design of this parking system discusses the available parking system which will be notified via LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and LED (Light Emitting Diode) at the entrance of the parking lot, and also so that it can be used for the total vehicles in the parking lot with LED indicators ( Light Emitting Diode). This design uses the Arduino Nano as a processor to process data. The servo that translates the bar will be driven. When the parking lot is full, the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) gives information that there is no vacant land, so the parking user goes up to the next floor. From the Arduino test results, Nano can adjust the circuit well, and Ultrasonic sensors can connect vehicles in each parking area, and the servo bars can be opened and closed again.

Car parking is one of the most significant issues in today's world. Parking cars on surrounding roads and pathways can cause unfair traffic jams and thus hampers people's daily activity. To avoid these problems, the development of a smart car parking system is a major concern for several developed countries. At present, most of the previous studies on car parking systems suffer from several limitations such as lack of security, wastage of time, huge money expenses, and lack of user interest-aware car parking system. To overcome existing challenges, this paper presents a user interest and payment-aware automated car parking system using Internet-of-things (IoT) technology. In this paper, an android application for smart car parking is developed for Bangladeshi people that allow users to choose emergency or non-emergency parking slots based on their interest and payment verification. For anti-theft purposes, this system offers an early alert and notification feature. The experimental test results by investigating several use cases depict the suitability of the proposed system.

SummaryIn big cities, the drivers face a major problem in identifying an optimal vacant parking space for their vehicles as the number of vehicles has rapidly grown over the recent years. This objective of determining the available parking space results in wastage of time, air pollution, and traffic congestion. Smart parking systems facilitate the driver to book parking slots and attain real‐time parking information. However, the existing smart parking solutions necessitate the disclosure of sensitive information like desired destination from the vehicle drivers. Moreover, the current smart parking solutions are highly centralized, making them vulnerable for launching privacy breaches by service providers and resulting in the issues of single‐point failure. In this paper, ring signature and improved multi‐transaction mode consortium blockchain‐based private information retrieval (RS‐IMTMCB‐PIR) scheme is proposed for privacy preserving in smart parking system. This RS‐IMTMCB‐PIR scheme initially utilizes an improved multi‐transaction mode consortium blockchain constructed by different number of parking lot owners in order to achieve maximized parking offers based on the factor of availability, transparency, and security. It incorporates an improved private information retrieval approach for protecting the location privacy of drivers and secretly retrieving the offers of parking from the improved multi‐transaction mode consortium blockchain. It further utilizes the benefits of ring signature for permitting the drivers in a potential anonymous authentication process that aids in available parking slot reservation. The simulation results of this proposed RS‐IMTMCB‐PIR scheme portrayed a predominant performance in ensuring maximized degree of drivers' privacy with reduced computation and communication overheads.

Finding a vacant parking space in outdoor parking lots is a daily concern of most vehicle drivers during rush hours, especially in the urban context. In this paper, an outdoor parking space vacancy detection system is proposed, using mobile devices to improve parking space searching experience for vehicle drivers by providing them with the location and occupancy information of parking spaces. The system uses state-of-the-art image recognition algorithm, namely Convolutional Neural Network with a Raspberry Pi to identify vacant parking spaces from a parking lot image retrieved in real time via an IP camera. A university parking lot has been chosen as the test bed to deploy the proposed system for real time parking space vacancy detection. An Android smartphone application called Driver App is developed to enable ubiquitous visualization of real time outdoor parking spaces occupancy information for vehicle drivers. Evaluation outcomes based on the responses to System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire revealed high usability of the Driver App as a tool that provides smart parking service to assist vehicle drivers in searching for a vacant parking space.

In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s automobile industry, the number of vehicles in China has been increasing steadily. Vehicles represent a convenient mode of travel, but the growth rate of the number of urban motor vehicles far exceeds the construction rate of parking facilities. The continuous improvement of parking allocation methods has always been key for ensuring sustainable city management. Thus, developing an efficient and dynamic parking distribution algorithm will be an important breakthrough to alleviate the urban parking shortage problem. However, the existing parking distribution models do not adequately consider the influence of real-time changes in parking demand and supply on parking space assignment. Therefore, this study proposed a method for dynamic parking allocation using parking demand predictions and a predictive control method. A neural-network-based dynamic parking distribution model was developed considering seven influencing factors: driving duration, walking distance, parking fee, traffic congestion, possibility of finding a parking space in the target parking lot and adjacent parking lot, and parking satisfaction degree. Considering whether the parking spaces in the targeted parking lots are shared or not, two allocation modes—sharing mode and non-sharing mode—were proposed and embedded into the model. At the experimental stage, a simulation case and a real-time case were performed to evaluate the developed models. The experimental results show that the dynamic parking distribution model based on neural networks can not only allocate parking spaces in real time but also improve the utilisation rate of different types of parking spaces. The performance score of the dynamic parking distribution model for a time interval of 2–20 min was maintained above 80%. In addition, the distribution performance of the sharing mode was better than that of the non-sharing mode and contributed to a better overall effectiveness. This model can effectively improve the utilisation rate of resources and the uniformity of distribution and can reduce the failure rate of parking; thus, it significantly contributes to more smart and sustainable urban parking management.

The change in approaches to the organization of parking space in the conditions of modern urban development of cities is considered. The domestic and foreign practice of designing parking lots oriented to residential development is analyzed. The trend of changes in the design, construction and organization of parking lots in highly developed cities has been revealed, in the direction of moving away from meeting the needs of all car owners in parking spaces to integrating parking spaces into the residential and transport infrastructure of cities. Modern parking lots are adaptive, integrated, functionally changing urban spaces over time, which allow regulating the number of cars on city streets. In Ukraine, the design of parking lots still gravitates towards the level of car mobility and the radius of accessibility to parking lots. The article examines the types, distribution, types by purpose and placement of parking spaces in the city of Vinnytsia. The problem of parking space organization in the city of Vinnytsia has been determined. The peculiarities of the formation of the existing parking space in the city of Vinnytsia, depending on the formation of the existing development of the city districts, functional purpose and the way of using the territory, were studied. The main typology of the city's parking lots and their condition have been determined. The main trends in the organization of parking space in the city of Vinnytsia are presented and rational directions for its further development are proposed, which allow to reduce the use of personal vehicles when moving around the city and free the city spaces from excessive overloading with cars.

India is the sixth largest economy in the world. With the rise in its population, urbanization has become a global phenomenon. Due to this, there has been a rapid increase in the number of vehicles on the road. However, modern infrastructure is failing to provide secure and efficient parking system for these increased vehicles. The problems arise because of the limited parking spaces. The increasing vehicles on the road along with the improper management of the available parking space lead to the parking-related problems as well as an increased traffic jam in the urban areas. Thus, it is highly necessary to develop a smart parking system. This paper involves a parking system that works on automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) algorithm using optical character recognition (OCR). The system consists of a camera at the entrance of the parking gate, which will be used for number plate recognition using digital image processing, and then a parking slot will be allocated depending on the status of the vehicle. Also at the exit, the vehicle number is identified and the information is updated to the cloud using Internet of things (IoT) where it can be monitored. The availability of the parking slots can also be viewed on the mobile through the android app created for ease of public usage. This paper makes excellent use of all the available resources in order to create an efficient solution for the existing situation.