SMART PARKING SYSTEM BASED ON RFID

Urban parks and green spaces are managed by local authorities, and 8 local authorities are utilizing the park and green space management system in Korea. However, in each local government, park and green space data, system components, main function, and tasks were established in different forms and their utilization was also very low. In this context, this study suggests a general-purpose model of the park and green space management system that can be used commonly by local governments for park and green space management. Based on the requirements that the GIS (geographic information system) should be used for continuous management in the “park and green space master plan guideline”, and the creation of an urban park inventory in the “act on urban parks, green areas, etc.”, we proposed a general-purpose model that builds GIS—based spatial information. We expect that local governments can reduce time and cost of introducing the park and green space management system, and the central government will be able to collect data and statistics on national park and green space, and establish data-based policies.

Model free Reinforcement Learning to determine pricing policy for car parking lots

India is the sixth largest economy in the world. With the rise in its population, urbanization has become a global phenomenon. Due to this, there has been a rapid increase in the number of vehicles on the road. However, modern infrastructure is failing to provide secure and efficient parking system for these increased vehicles. The problems arise because of the limited parking spaces. The increasing vehicles on the road along with the improper management of the available parking space lead to the parking-related problems as well as an increased traffic jam in the urban areas. Thus, it is highly necessary to develop a smart parking system. This paper involves a parking system that works on automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) algorithm using optical character recognition (OCR). The system consists of a camera at the entrance of the parking gate, which will be used for number plate recognition using digital image processing, and then a parking slot will be allocated depending on the status of the vehicle. Also at the exit, the vehicle number is identified and the information is updated to the cloud using Internet of things (IoT) where it can be monitored. The availability of the parking slots can also be viewed on the mobile through the android app created for ease of public usage. This paper makes excellent use of all the available resources in order to create an efficient solution for the existing situation.

In this study, an image-processing based smart parking system was developed for multi-storey parking garages. Car drivers spend a considerably long amount of time finding an available parking space where slots are spread throughout multiple storeys which causes longer queues and traffic congestion. The proposed system design through the Python IDLE and the OpenCV library makes use of the combined edge detection and coordinate bound pixel sections in determining whether a parking space in the acquired footage is occupied or not. For the testing of the accuracy and reliability of the parking space identification system, sample footages of actual indoor parking garages were used. With this study, real time image processing and updating of the parking slot availability offers an increased efficiency to the parking system and lower cost than installing individual car sensors in each parking space.

With the continuous acceleration of China’s modernization process, the number of private cars has increased sharply, and the traffic flow of various parking lots is increasing. The parking management of motor vehicles has become a problem of great concern to the society. In view of the shortage of parking spaces, the long time of manual fee collection, low efficiency and the inability to quickly find the reserved parking spaces in urban parking lots in China. At the same time, in large shopping malls, there is a common phenomenon that the parking range is single or the parking space is difficult to find, which makes the vehicles stay in the parking lot in a short time and cause congestion. For parking lot managers, it is difficult to timely regulate the parking lot through the existing traffic flow information of the parking lot, and it is impossible to determine the number of vacant parking spaces in the parking lot in real time. At the same time, The existing management system has problems such as low efficiency, poor scalability and less service content, which is difficult to solve in the face of emerging problems. Therefore, based on the above problems, this project designs an urban intelligent parking cloud platform based on wechat applet, which can distinguish users and administrators, select spare parking spaces, route navigation and time payment of parking fees for parking users, and the parking lot managers can understand the spare parking spaces and vehicle payment of the parking lot they manage, At the same time, it can detect the traffic flow through the traffic flow in a period of time and give early warning to prevent the accumulation of vehicles in the parking lot. Users and administrators can obtain more convenient and real-time information only through mobile phones, which solves the difficult problem of parking management in intelligent parking lot.

Increased use of cars that are not balanced with the provision of adequate parking areas and many drivers who park in any place. The existing parking system only utilizes the parking area and the parking attendant who controls it. Motorists also have to find a place that is free of parking officers or drivers do not pay attention to the parking area, the vehicle owner will look for must get out if you do not get a parking space. To overcome this, make a parking system by using a microcontroller system that facilitates vehicle users to understand the number and arrange an empty parking space. The design of this parking system discusses the available parking system which will be notified via LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and LED (Light Emitting Diode) at the entrance of the parking lot, and also so that it can be used for the total vehicles in the parking lot with LED indicators ( Light Emitting Diode). This design uses the Arduino Nano as a processor to process data. The servo that translates the bar will be driven. When the parking lot is full, the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) gives information that there is no vacant land, so the parking user goes up to the next floor. From the Arduino test results, Nano can adjust the circuit well, and Ultrasonic sensors can connect vehicles in each parking area, and the servo bars can be opened and closed again.

Nowadays, the increasing number of vehicles and shortage of parking spaces have become an inescapable condition in big cities across the world. Car parking problem is not a new phenomenon, especially in a crowded city such as Dhaka, Bangladesh. Shortage of parking spaces leads to several problems such as road congestion, illegal parking on the streets, and fuel waste in searching for a free parking space. In order to overcome the parking problem, we develop a spatio-temporal based car parking system namely, SlotFinder. We collect the data of 408 buildings those have parking slots from seven different locations. We then cluster these data based on time and locations. Later, we train location wise vacant parking spaces by using stacked Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based on their temporal patterns. We also compare our technique with the baseline models and conduct an ablation analysis, which outperforms (lower RMSE and MAE of 0.29 and 0.24, respectively) than that of the previous approaches.

Ø With the ever-growing urbanization and the increasing number of vehicles on the road, efficient management of parking spaces has become a critical challenge in modern cities. In this project, we propose a smart car parking system based on Arduino micro controllers to address this issue. The system utilizes ultrasonic sensors to detect the presence of vehicles in parking spaces and employs RFID technology for vehicle identification. Ø The smart parking system offers several innovative features to enhance user experience and optimize parking space utilization. Users can conveniently locate available parking spaces through a mobile application or digital displays placed at strategic locations. The system also integrates with existing payment systems, allowing for seamless payment transactions and automated access control. Ø One of the key advantages of the proposed system is its scalability and flexibility. It can be easily deployed in various parking environments, including on-street parking, parking garages, and commercial parking lots. Furthermore, the use of open-source Arduino platforms ensures affordability and accessibility, making it suitable for implementation in both developed and developing regions. Ø In addition to improving parking efficiency and reducing traffic congestion, the smart parking system contributes to sustainability efforts by minimizing carbon emissions associated with vehicle circulation in search of parking spaces. It also provides valuable data insights for urban planners and policymakers to optimize parking policies and infrastructure planning. Ø Through this project, we demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of using Arduino-based technology to develop innovative solutions for urban parking management. The smart car parking system presented here serves as a practical demonstration of how IoT and embedded systems can contribute to creating smarter and more sustainable cities.

Over the last few years, finding vacant parking spaces has become a hassle for drivers especially in crowded cities. This problem leads to wasting drivers' time, traffic congestion, and air pollution. Recently, smart parking systems aim to address this problem by enabling drivers to have real-time parking information about vacant parking spaces. However, the existing parking systems rely on a central third party to organize the service, which makes them subject to a single point of failure and privacy breach concerns by both internal and external attackers. In this paper, we propose a secure smart parking system using blockchain technology. Specifically, a consortium blockchain is made of parking lots to ensure security, transparency, and availability of the parking system. Then, to protect the drivers' location privacy, we use cloaking technique to hide the drivers' locations. The blockchain validators return available parking offers with in the cloaked area. Finally, the driver selects the best offer and makes reservation directly with the parking lot. Evaluations are conducted to evaluate the proposed scheme, and results indicate practicality of our scheme.

In recent times the concept of smart cities has become very popular. Thanks to the Internet of things the idea of smart city now seems to be completed. Consistent efforts are being made in the field of IoT in order to maximize the productivity and reliability of urban infrastructure. Problems such as, traffic congestion, limited car parking facilities and road safety are being addressed by IoT. In this paper, we present an IoT based cloud integrated smart parking system. The proposed Smart Parking system consists of an on-site deployment of an IoT module that is used to monitor and signalize the state of availability of each single parking space. A mobile application is also provided that allows an end user to check the availability of parking space and book a parking slot accordingly.

In the large cities, it remains difficult and expensive to create more parking spaces for vehicles since they have almost reached their full occupancy. The lack of available parking places leads to the problem of traffic congestion and consequently to pollution, since drivers will spend a lot of time looking for a vacant parking place. Hence the need to establish a parking management system able to improve the exploitation of the existent parking places at a city level. This paper proposes a new multi agent system for parking vacancies detection based on vision techniques. We explore a network of interconnected video surveillance cameras and parking stations to provide an intelligent service to the drivers in order to facilitate their task and improve the exploitation of the parking resources. The proposed system introduces a new approach for parking spaces modeling and elaborates an adaptive approach for vacancies estimation in order to supply the driver with reliable information about the vacant parking spaces in the city according to the size of his vehicle.

Nowadays the concept of smart cities has gained grate popularity. and thanks to the IoT of things technology for the concept and the idea of smart city in this paper, we present an IoT based smart parking system. A Smart parking system that helps drivers to find vacant spot. Driver Problems such as limited car parking, traffic problems and road safety are being addressed by IoT. In this paper, I present an IoT based smart parking system. The Smart car Parking system will help user to solve the problem for finding a parking space and to reduce the time that they have spent in searching for the nearest available car parking. A mobile application is also provided that allows an end user to check the availability of parking space and book a parking slot according to their time convenience.

Present decade has seen the growth and advancements in Electric Vehicle (EV). For the LPG and diesel cars that produce pollution and pose as threat to the environment, EVs are an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative particularly for CO2 reduction and alternative energy purposes. With the growing popularity of EV, there is a need for their charging ports. And parking of vehicles has always been a cumbersome task. And hence, EV also requires an efficient parking system. The project that we are working on involves a “Smart Parking as well as Green Charging system of EV”. We are building an IOT based Car Parking System using Node MCU, Arduino UNO, Servomotor and 6 IR sensors. We use Internet of Things (IoT) for a hassle-free parking system and getting the information on Blynk application about the slot availability. Second part of project is charging the EV using a 15V solar panel that is used to charge a 12V battery on the platform where car is parked

There has been a considerable growth in the volume of road traffic in India. As a result, the demand for parking spaces has increased. Due to less availability of parking spaces, commuters spend many hours on average searching for one. Improper management of the same has lead to overcrowding of roads with vehicles, causing air pollution as well. Thus, to ease the process of locating vacant parking spaces and making this information available for commuters, this paper proposes an end-to-end parking system. The system employs a combined approach, referred to as the Hybrid Model, using Mask R-CNN and YOLOv3 to determine the occupancy status of parking slots and update it in real-time for users to view. A new metric, MDR, was devised to evaluate the car detection performance of Mask R-CNN, YOLOv3, and the Hybrid Model.

The objectives of this research is to provide information about the Smart Parking Application Design for Parking Arrangement detection by counting the number of parking spaces which occupy the parking car entrance, the number of cars entered, the car left the parking lot and the number of cars outside the parking entrance. The research used descriptive method to collect information about the status of existing information by action method (action research). The type of data that exist in this research is primary data and secondary data. The data collection methods were field research, research libraries and prototype methods. Smart parking application works by sorting in advance the existing parking lot row based on the parking lot number. If there is available parking space, then the parking ticket will be given the number of empty parking area in the nearest sequence and reducing the common mistakes in the parking system. The entire Smart Parking system consists of a series of senders and receivers. The receiver circuit consisting of wireless data transceiver will capture the serial data from Arduino Uno which will be converted by converter to be processed by Personal Computer.