DIGITALISATION OF THE TRANSNISTRIAN REGION HEALTH SYSTEM AS A REGIONAL COMPONENT IN THE DNIESTER RIVER ECOSYSTEM

The rapid development of digital technologies, digital transformation, business innovation, and the emergence of such technologies as artificial intelligence, blockchain, the Internet of Things provides significant potential for transforming business processes and creating new innovative models. The trend analysis conducted in this article (using the Google Trends tool) around the world for 2009-2023 showed that public interest in “business innovation” was almost constant until 2021 (according to the GT Scale, it ranged from 0.25 to 0.5). After 2021, it increased (according to the GT Scale, it was more than 0.5). At the same time, public interest in “digital transformation” has significantly increased since 2014, reaching almost maximum values in 2020-2023 (0.75 – 1.00 on the GT Scale). This confirms a growing need in society to acquire new knowledge related to the ability of businesses to adapt to digital transformation, including through creating innovative developments. Unlike trend analysis, bibliometric and comparative analyses identify trends in developing interest in this topic not among ordinary citizens – users of the Google search platform ‒ but among scientists who publish the results of their research either in monographs or in authoritative peer-reviewed scientific journals indexed by leading scientometric databases. The comparative analysis conducted in the article using the Google Books Ngram Viewer (Google) tool, which displays the frequency of references to relevant terms in English-language books for 2009-2019 worldwide, showed similar trends: the persistence of scholars’ attention to business innovation, while their interest in digital transformation is growing: in 2009-2013 – a slight increase, in 2013-2019 ‒ a significant increase. In the bibliometric analysis, a five-level mechanism for limiting the research sample was applied: only English-language and most recent (for 2018-2022) scientific articles indexed by the Scopus database in the subject area of Business, Management and Accounting were subject to analysis. Based on these limitations, the research sample for the keyword “digital transformation” was reduced from 12131 to 1700 papers, and for “business innovation” from 865 to 70. The analysis of the published articles, their views and citations, carried out using the SciVal tool, fully confirmed the conclusions drawn from the trend and comparative analysis results. In terms of digital transformation, the leaders in terms of the number of papers and the number of views are Germany, Italy, the UK and the US; in terms of citations – the UK, Germany, the US, and in terms of individual scientists – Brazil and Germany. As for the topic of business innovation, the United States is the undisputed leader in all these parameters, followed by China and the United Kingdom. Some scientists from Germany and Spain also attract the attention of the academic community (in terms of views and citations). Changes in trends and research priorities in each of the studied topics were identified and described using SciVal (analysis of the reference dynamics to the top 50 keywords in articles for 2018-2023). For example, in 2023, compared to 2022, scientific interest in issues related to “value creation” (+61.5%), “incumbents” (+66.7%), “service economy” (+83.3%), “digital marketing” (+75.0%), and “design thinking” (+150.0%) increased the most. VOSviewer software made it possible to cluster the scientific work by thematic areas. The largest cluster on digital transformation relates this concept to small and medium-sized businesses and technologies, and the largest cluster on business innovation relates it to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and the protection of property rights.

Under the background of economic globalization, cross-border electronic commerce has become the foundation of China’s foreign trade development. Cross-border electronic commerce is a new type of trade developed in the process of economic globalization, which has developed rapidly in recent years, but there are still many shortcomings in the development of cross-border electronic commerce. In order to solve the problems existing in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in cross-border electronic commerce, the thesis puts forward some suggestions based on the development model of cross-border electronic commerce, which lays the foundation for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in cross-border electronic commerce.

Driven by digital technology, China's digital economy is developing rapidly, and its position in the economy and society is getting higher and higher. As the main force of China's economy, employment and GDP, SMEs have been greatly impacted by the COVID-19 epidemic. It is of great practical significance to study the digital transformation of SMEs for the relief and development of SMEs after the epidemic and to promote the development of China's digital economy. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the status quo, problems and policy appeals of China's small and medium-sized enterprises' digital transformation. The survey object was the principals of 925 small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. The survey questions included 11 issues such as difficulties faced by enterprises in business operation, application of digital technology, effectiveness of digital transformation, and driving factors of digital transformation. On this basis, the study was carried out. The survey results show that SMEs in China generally have problems such as lack of digital transformation thinking, weak digital foundation, and large obstacles to digital transformation. The vulnerability of SMEs themselves and the differences between different types of SMEs increase the difficulty of digital transformation. The classified statistics of SMEs based on different dimensions such as the development stage, location, and scale of enterprises show that there are significant differences between different types of SMEs and the total sample, as well as between different types of SMEs in terms of difficulties faced in operation, effectiveness of digital transformation, status quo of digital transformation, application of digital technology, driving factors of digital transformation, and policy appeals; Meeting market demand, improving production efficiency and significantly reducing costs are the driving factors for SMEs to carry out digital transformation, but there are differences between different types of SMEs. In order to effectively promote the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, it is suggested to give full play to the guidance and policy support of government departments based on the policy demands of small and medium-sized enterprises for digital transformation, accelerate the construction of new infrastructure, and provide more solid digital transformation foundation for small and medium-sized enterprises; Take multiple measures to eliminate the shortage of digital talents, improve and innovate the talent training mechanism, and provide talent support for digital transformation; Build a digital platform and network, build a cross industry and cross link digital collaboration system, open up the digital transformation path of SMEs, and boost their digital transformation and development.

The aim of the study is the conceptual development of tools for assessing the effectiveness of government measures for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the context of foreign economic sanctions, based on the econometric analysis of the indicators of small and medium-sized enterprises (the number of small and medium-sized enterprises, the number of people employed in the field of entrepreneurship) and the allocated financial resources under federal and regional programs to support entrepreneurship («My Business», «Social Entrepreneurship»). The scientific proposal of the authors, used in this article, is to substantiate the importance in the conditions of foreign economic sanctions to expand the access of small and medium-sized businesses to financial resources. This is done through the priority implementation of state support programs for entrepreneurship. Based on the available statistical data, the authors proved that government initiatives to implement federal and regional programs to support entrepreneurship contribute to the increase in the number of small and medium-sized enterprises, which indicates their effectiveness.

As China's economy gradually moves towards a stage of high-quality development, the traditional extensive development model is no longer suitable for this transformation demand, and there is an urgent need to shift towards a more intensive, efficient, and sustainable development mode. Innovation is not only the driving force for high-quality development but also the main means of balancing economic and social development. The development of specialized, refined, and innovative "little giant" enterprises can effectively promote technological self-reliance and support the inherent needs and practical paths for the high-quality development of the Chinese economy. Meanwhile, digital transformation is a necessary path for enterprises to adapt to market changes, improve operational efficiency, and innovate business models. Based on this, this article mainly analyzes the development path and digital transformation path design research of specialized and innovative "little giant" enterprises. After analysis, this article believes that the development of small and medium-sized enterprises can be divided into three stages: growth start-up, specialization and innovation, and the "little giant" stage. The three elements of efficiency change, innovation drive, and value co-creation are coordinated, and digital transformation is promoted in three stages. Suggestions are also made for the development of specialized, refined, and innovative "little giant" enterprises.

In modern conditions of development, digital platforms in small and medium-sized businesses began to be widely used during the development of Industry-4.0 globalization. Modern studies define digital platforms as an electronic environment that includes a general set (list) of goods and services with a corresponding digital configuration. Examples of digital platforms are: digital music platform "Spotify" or "iTunes", digital movie platform "Netflix", etc. The article established that from the point of view of the economy, digital platforms are auxiliary electronic environments (markets) on which sellers and buyers buy and sell goods. And digital entrepreneurship is also considered as the process of creating a new Internet business. In the process of research, it was established that thanks to the spread of digital platforms, entrepreneurs have opportunities to stimulate innovation to create new products or services. In the framework of Industry 4.0, globalization and digitalization have created some benefits for participants based on digital platforms. First of all, through digital platforms, manufacturers can assess buyers and end consumers without going through intermediaries. Also, digital platforms allow sellers to display their products in virtual shopping centers through a website, and consumers can view product information at a time and place convenient for them. It has been proven that small and medium-sized enterprises are one of the main engines of the modern economy, which contribute to the development of the country's economy, the creation of income, employment and innovation in various fields. Small and medium-sized enterprises are the key to economic growth and market competition in most developed economies due to their flexibility and ability to innovate. According to the results of the conducted research, it is confirmed that the use of digital tools and platforms helps small and medium-sized businesses to determine the right direction for improving the efficiency of small and medium-sized enterprises within the framework of Industry 4.0 and digitalization trends. After all, the activity of small and medium-sized business enterprises directly affects the total GDP of the country. Thus, the subject of further research is the study of factors that can increase the productivity of small and medium-sized business enterprises, which is important in determining the directions of the future development of small and medium-sized business enterprises. In addition, within the framework of Industry-4.0. SMEs must take advantage of globalization and digitalization to perform better and achieve greater competitive advantages.

This article analyzes the state and prospects for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Vladimir region. The authors demonstrate that SMEs play a key role in the regional economy, contributing significantly to GDP, job creation, and infrastructure development. The development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an important factor in economic growth and social stability in Russian regions. The structure of region's SME is diverse, encompassing various legal forms, which provides flexibility and adaptability to market conditions. The article emphasizes the important role of government support, including preferential lending programs and tax incentives, as well as the development of support infrastructure (business incubators and technology parks). The article provides statistical information showing a positive trend in the number of enterprises (+2.2%), employment (+6.9%), and turnover (+15.5%) of small and medium-sized businesses in the Vladimir region over the past period. There has also been a significant increase in the average monthly salary of employees (+20.4%). The authors argue that the key factor for the further development of small and medium-sized businesses is the promotion of entrepreneurial activity among the younger generation. The article identifies the main challenges that hinder the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the region. The article discusses the need for government intervention in the economic regulation of small and medium-sized businesses. It emphasizes that without proper government support, the region's economy cannot effectively utilize its resources, which ultimately affects the standard of living and sustainable development of society. The authors identify the key strategic aspects of government support for small and medium-sized enterprises, focusing on creating a sustainable economic environment, developing a modern support ecosystem, and fostering effective collaboration with large businesses.

Fellowship Training in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology: Navigating the New Educational Landscape as a Result of the Coronavirus Crisis

As a powerful measure to deepen the supply-side structural reform, tax reduction and fee reduction policies play an important role in promoting the high quality development of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs).This paper selects 582 SMEs listed on China's A-share market from 2018 to 2021 to measure their high quality development level and explore the policy effect of the new round of tax reduction and fee reduction policies implemented since 2018.The results show that the reduction and exemption of value-added tax(VAT) and social insurance premiums are conducive to improving the high quality development level of SMEs, and the impact of income tax reduction on the high quality development level of enterprises is not significant, and the income tax burden between enterprises is quite different. Therefore, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to further implement of the tax and fee reduction policies, consolidate the achievements of the existing tax and fee reduction policy, improve the tax structure of enterprise VAT and social insurance premiums, implement differentiated income tax reduction and exemption policy, and guide the high quality development of SMEs.

The subject of the research. The study focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of the problems facing State support for small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to identify the main destructive factors in the development of medium and small enterprises and to identify ways to overcome them. The methodological basis of the article is general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, such as dialectical method, analysis, grouping of data, problem-oriented approach. Results of work. The article discusses the special role of medium- and small-scale enterprises in generating GDP, creating jobs and improving the demographic situation. It is noted that a significant proportion of enterprises either operate in the shadow sector or do not take measures to improve profitability. It has been hypothesized that an important reason for this state of affairs is imperfect state support for small and medium-sized enterprises. First of all, there is a heavy tax burden, low wages in the sector, unstable legislation. The worldwide coronavirus pandemic has also been noted as an additional challenge, with most small and medium-sized businesses on the verge of survival through quarantine activities. The field of application of results. The materials, results and conclusions of the article may be used in the activities of various public organizations and local self-government bodies as an analytical basis for appeals about the need for State support for small and medium-sized enterprises, Training of specialists in secondary and higher education. Conclusions. Small and medium-sized businesses are the driving force behind the economy. It provides a large share of GDP, promotes the development of the middle class and has a positive impact on demographic indicators. The opportunity and ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to develop, even under difficult political and economic conditions, proves that it is these entities that support the economy in difficult times. Creating an enabling environment for doing business and developing small and medium-sized enterprises should therefore be a priority for the Government. To this end, support programs must be put in place: infotrmation, financial security and social support. Active and targeted support for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises contributes to the growth of GDP and the creation of new jobs.

The study analyzes the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the southern regions of Russia, including the Republic of Kalmykia, Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov regions and Stavropol Territory. The purpose of the study is to analyze the statistics of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the South of Russia, with an emphasis on identifying differences and peculiarities in the dynamics of its development. The objectives of the study include conducting a comparative analysis of key indicators of small and medium-sized enterprises, identifying factors contributing to and hindering its development, as well as identifying the main problems faced by entrepreneurs. The work uses methods of comparative analysis, statistical data processing and a systematic approach based on official statistical data, reports from government agencies and scientific research, which ensures the reliability and objectivity of the conclusions. Results. Quantitative indicators such as the number of registered small and medium-sized enterprises, production volumes, and employment levels were analyzed. A steady increase in the number of registered small and medium-sized enterprises was observed in all regions, although the rate of growth varied. The largest increases were observed in the Rostov Region and Stavropol Krai, indicating favorable business conditions. However, a decline in employment in a number of regions points to structural changes in the economy and the optimization of business processes. One of the key features of regional economic policy is the significant difference in the level of small and medium-sized enterprises development between regions. For example, the Rostov Region demonstrates a steady increase in the number of small and medium-sized enterprises and their contribution to the regional economy, while the Republic of Kalmykia faces limitations related to a smaller population and a narrow domestic market. Regional differences are also evident in the structure and specialization of small and medium-sized enterprises. In Stavropol Krai, growth is observed in the agricultural sector, while the Volgograd Region emphasizes industry. These characteristics highlight the need to consider regional specifics when developing support measures.

Small and medium-sized enterprises, like large enterprises, are indispensable and important part of China's modern economic operation. They have played an irreplaceable and important role in promoting the sustained and rapid development of the national economy and alleviating the employment pressure. Financing difficulties is the main factor restricting the survival and development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. The emergence of supply chain financial financing model, provide a new way of thinking to break through the financing difficulties of SMEs. This paper first introduced the current situation of financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China from two aspects: the status of direct financing and the status of indirect financing, sums up the problems of financing small and medium-sized enterprises, and analyzes the reasons of financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises in China from both inside and outside The Secondly, the article puts forward the advantages of supply chain finance in solving the financing dilemma of small and medium-sized enterprises, and three basic models in solving the financing process of small and medium-sized enterprises. Finally, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the effective development of supply chain finance with the present situation of financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China.

With the improvement of the level of market economy and the improvement of the state's attention to small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is gradually increasing, and the market competition is also becoming increasingly fierce. Under the background of big data, the competition faced by small and medium-sized enterprises is more severe. Strengthening the management of financial internal control can ensure that enterprises can successfully complete their development goals and improve their market competitiveness, so as to realize the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Combined with the significance of financial internal control of small and medium-sized enterprises under the background of big data, this paper emphatically analyzes the problems existing in financial internal control of small and medium-sized enterprises under the background of big data. According to the analysis results, this paper puts forward the strategies of financial internal control of small and medium-sized enterprises under the background of big data, for reference.

This study investigated the challenges confronting human capital development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. The authors adopted the survey research design. An instrument was designed using the 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree (5) to strongly disagree (1). The instrument has two sections. Section A has nine items which sought the views and opinions of respondents on the challenges of human capital development in SMEs and Section B has eight items which elicited the demographic profiles of respondents. A total of 165 questionnaires were distributed to the target population using the purposeful (judgmental) sampling technique. Out of the 165 questionnaires administered, 140 were returned upon which the analysis was based. This represents an 85% response rate. Data analysis was carried out with the aid of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). It was found that human capital development in Nigerian SMEs leaves much to be desired. Based on the analysis of data, it was found that 79% of respondents agreed and strongly agreed that many SMEs have negative training philosophy and pay lip service to human resource development. Seventy percent of the respondents agreed and strongly agreed that many SMEs do not have laid-down policies governing training and development programmes, while 52% of the respondents agreed and strongly agreed that SMEs engage in human capital development haphazardly, without embarking on need analysis. The authors recommended the need to address the issues of human capital development in SMEs and for SMEs to embrace the investor in people criteria if the desired corporate and national goals are to be realized.

Linkage between Training and Development on Business Growth: A Study of Manufacturing SmalllMedium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Sri Lanka.