Increasing Microstrip Patch Antenna Bandwidth by Inserting Ground Slots

In this paper, a multi resonant MPA capable of operating satisfactorily in the frequency range of 2.39 GHz to 5.79 GHz have been proposed. The antenna has been designed using substrate of FR4 material having dielectric constant of 4.4 with a conducting radiating patch on the substrate and a conducting ground plane on the bottom side of substrate. The ground plane has been partially reduced to improve the antenna bandwidth. The antenna performance has been analyzed in terms of various antenna parameters such as return loss (dB), impedance bandwidth (GHz), gain (dB), directivity (dBi), Half power Beam width (Degree), current density and VSWR. The antenna has been designed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio (2010). The designed MPA is suitable to be used for Bluetooth, IMT, WLAN and WiMAX applications. The antenna has bandwidth of 3.40 GHz and VSWR of less than 2. The antenna has been successfully fabricated and tested. It has been observed that the practical results obtained by testing the fabricated antenna using Network analyzer E5071C closely matches with the theoretical results obtained by simulating the antenna design in CST MWS 2010.

A rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is constructed by using Double slotted ground plane in comparison with un-slotted ground plane for gain enhancement. The microstrip patch antenna using double slotted ground plane uses a total of 40 samples in comparison with un-slotted ground plane with 2mm substrate thickness.. The enhanced gain is by 1.99 dB. Attained significance accuracy ratio (p<0.05). Microstrip patch antenna with double slotted ground plane performs appears to be better in terms of Gain.

An MPA, or microstrip patch antenna, is an antenna made out of a metal patch mounted on a grounded base. The shape of the metallic patch is flexible and may be a rectangle, a circle, a triangle, etc. For decades, microstrip patch antennas have played a crucial role in wireless communication systems. The Mobile Phone Industry has come to rely heavily on the MPA in recent years. The primary goals of this study are to minimise XP radiation, suppress a higher-order mode that isn't desired (a spurious mode), shrink the size of planar RMPA, and increase its gain for use at lower frequencies (S-band, 2–4 GHz). A pair of symmetrical metallic stubs loaded between the ground and the patch, a pair of symmetrical linear slots etched in the ground plane as DGS(Defected Microstrip Surface) (DMS), and the incorporation of a rectangular slot etched in the radiating patch as DMS(Defected Ground Structure) near the non-radiating edge all contribute to this goal. The HFSS simulator was used to conduct analyses of the investigated parameters, including return loss, gain, radiation pattern, etc.

Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile, low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch. The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch. However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used .

A reduced-size wideband single-feed circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is presented for telemetry applications in S-band around 2.4 GHz. In this paper we compare the performance of microstrip patch antenna designed over two layer conventional substrate with different relative permittivity and different height and over a Reactive Impedance Substrate with slot, both of them being constituted with the same substrate layers. In particular we optimize the feeding position and number of reactive elements upon the antenna bandwidth and axial ratio. The proposed structure consists of a slot-loaded patch antenna printed over an optimized metamaterial-inspired reactive impedance substrate (RIS). We demonstrate, step by step, the main role of each antenna element by comparing numerically the performance of various antenna configurations, antenna over a single layer substrate or dual-layer substrate, patch without slot or slot-loaded patch, antenna with or without RIS. The final optimized structure exhibits an axial-ratio bandwidth of about 15% and an impedance bandwidth better than 10%, which is much wider than the conventional printed antenna on the same materials. The return loss pattern of different microstrip patch antenna with and without RIS arrangement is also compared using HFSS simulation software.

In this paper, a different method for designing a novel and compact microstrip patch antenna with step slots etched on the ground plane and split square ring slots etched on the patch has been designed with wide bandwidth and minimal return loss characteristic for UWB applications. The proposed antenna has been designed and simulated using HFSS. An extra rectangular slot in the ground plane is used to create an additional resonance at higher frequency. The proposed antenna can operate from 18.5939 GHz to 29.9792 GHz for VSWR <2. The Simulated results obtained for this antenna resonant frequency at 20.6281GHz with - 45.06dB and wide bandwidth is 11.3853 GHz (55.19% with center frequency) show that it exhibits good radiation behavior within the UWB frequency range.

A microstrip line-fed broadband rectangular microstrip patch antenna is proposed to work in 5G applications in an endeavor to play a significant role in the communication system, which operates at 28 GHz. An initial rectangular microstrip patch antenna has been designed and analysis its performance. The intended operating frequency range has been tuned in using a cutting the slot and edge with a partial ground plane approach (28.00 GHz-29.96 GHz). The inset-fed microstrip patch antenna presented in this paper has a defected ground structure (DGS) and is constructed on a Teflon substrate with a 2.1 dielectric constant. The use of a defected ground slot increases the antenna’s bandwidth and efficiency compare to full ground plane of antenna. With a wide -10dB bandwidth of 1.96 GHz, the developed antenna is projected to function at 28.90 GHz for the 5G application. Its return loss is -39.42dB. Additionally, the antennas have an overall size of 35 x39x1.57 mm3, a wide bandwidth of 1.96 GHz, and strong gain and directivity across the whole operating band. The VSWR value is 1. This proposed antenna produces better outcomes than some of the existing antennas described in a recent scholarly study. First, an antenna is designed, followed by simulation and performance analysis done using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. The improvement of the antenna’s parameters and operational bandwidth for 5G applications significantly improved during analysis. It follows that this antenna will probably be adequate for 5G wireless communication systems.

In this paper, we present a novel slotted structure which will be etched on the patch of new microstrip patch antenna, and ground plane with crossed strip-line gaps is also used in our novel slotted patch antenna, unlike conventional microstrip patch antenna. The simulated results show that the bandwidth of slotted antenna is 13 times wider than the original microstrip antenna. Moreover, magnetic field distribution of slotted microstrip antenna is much more uniform than that of original microstrip antenna, as a result, the slotted antenna has better radiation characteristic. In addition, the 50 Ω matching is reached at the resonant frequency, therefore additional matching networks are not needed.

The circular polarized response in microstrip antenna is realized when two orthogonal modes placed nearby in their frequency, are present. This paper presents a details study to analyze the effects of slots in the ground plane and substrate layers, in realizing circular polarized response in multi-layer suspended configuration. The study is presented using FR4 and Arlong substrates. The slots in ground plane modifies the surface current lengths at patch fundamental orthogonal modes to yield optimum separation between them to realize CP response. The placement of thicker dielectric in suspended configuration further enhances the realized axial ratio bandwidth at the cost of marginal decrement in broadside antenna gain. The optimum response in terms of axial ratio bandwidth and gain is obtained using FR4 substrate in three layer suspended design employing thicker FR4 substrate in bottom layer. The realized circular polarized bandwidth here is more than 75 MHz (>7%) with broadside gain of nearly 5 dBi over the BW. The proposed simpler design can find usage in mobile communication systems which are operating in 1000 MHz frequency spectrum.

Internet of Things (IoT) based application requires integration with the wireless communication technology to make the application data readily available. In this article, a dual band microstrip patch antenna operating at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequencies is designed for use in Wi-Fi applications. The main purpose is to design a compact, easy to manufacture, cheap and high-performance microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is printed on the substrate of FR4 with two C-shaped strips and a microstrip feed line on the front side. There is L-shaped slot in the ground plane on the bottom side. The overall geometric size of the antenna is 29x26x1.6mm3. The antenna bandwidth is 140MHz and 552MHz at 2.45GHz and 5GHz respectively.

n this paper, metamaterial approaches are used to improve the gain, bandwidth, and radiation efficiency of microstrip patch antennas for 60GHz applications. In order to lower surface wave losses and improve the performance of proposed antennas, this work investigates a variety of techniques, including the use of metamaterials as antenna lens and as electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures. To overcome the narrow bandwidth (2 GHz) and low gain (1.9 dB) of a conventional GaAs-based microstrip patch antenna operating at 60GHz, several enhancements were investigated via HFSS simulations, the result were cross validated and compared using CST Microwave Studio. Integrating an Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) structure improved performance to a 7.3GHz bandwidth and 3.5dB gain. The most substantial enhancement was realized by combining the EBG with a lens technique, achieving a 10GHz bandwidth and 4.8dB gain. These results confirm that metamaterial-inspired techniques are highly effective for advancing high-frequency antennas, particularly for 60GHz communication systems.

This study presents a new, simple method for improving the front-to-back (F/B) ratio of a microstrip patch antenna (MSA) based on surface wave suppression. The back radiation of the MSA is significantly reduced by using the meandered ground plane edges and placing split-ring resonators (SRRs) in the middle of the meandered slots. By loading SRRs near the center of the meandered ground plane edges, some parts of the diffracted back-lobe power density can be reduced further. Compared to the F/B ratio of a conventional MSA with a full ground plane of the same size, an improved F/B ratio of 18 dB has been achieved experimentally for our proposed MSA.

The non-radiating dielectric waveguide (NRD) has been receiving considerable attention due to its low loss nature and the ability to suppress radiation at bends and discontinuities. It is proposed to exploit the above properties to design a NRD based slot array. Previous work relied on measured data for the admittance of a single slot in the ground plane of the NRD. In the present paper, a single slot in the NRD ground plane is characterized using the TLM method. The perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition was used to ensure minimal reflection from the exterior boundaries of the computational domain. It is also shown that an s/sub 11/ less than -40 dB is achieved when the PML is used to terminate the NRD.

A microstrip patch antenna consists of a metal patch on a substrate on a ground plane. Different feeding modes are used such as: coaxial probe feed, microstrip line feed, proximity-coupled feed, and coplanar wave guide feed (CPW). The patch can take different shapes to meet various design requirements. The most known forms are rectangular, square, circular, hexagonal… The microstrip patch antenna is low-profile, conformable to planar and nonplanar surfaces, simple and cheap to manufacture using modern printed-circuit technology. There are many methods of analysis for the microstrip patch antennas. The most popular models are the transmission-line, cavity and full wave methods. In this paper, a microstrip patch antenna for 2.45 GHz applications is designed based on the transmission line method. The design is optimized with the Method of the Moments (frequency domain method) because it’s one of the accurate methods for wire and planar antennas. Also, the four feeding modes are simulated and compared.

By embedding four radial slots in ground plane, enhanced performances of a probe-fed annular-ring patch antenna operated at the TM/sub 21/ mode for conical-pattem radiation have been obtained. The size reduction achieved for the proposed antenna is about 75%, compared with the corresponding conventional annular-ring patch antenna at a fixed operating frequency. Moreover, with the large lowering in the resonant frequency, the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna can greatly be increased by a factor of about 4.8. Also, the antenna gain measured is increased by about 3 dBi. Owing to these enhanced performances, the proposed antenna is suitable for present-day mobile communication. In addition, the design of adding a reflecting plate behind the antenna's ground plane to reduce the backward radiation due to the embedded slots in the ground plane is also studied.