Input impedance of probe‐fed multilayer rectangular microstrip patch antenna using the modified Wolff model

This paper presents comparison of rectangular micro strip patch antenna and E-Shaped micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.45GHz. Two parallel slots are made into the basic rectangular patch design of micro strip antenna which resulted into desired E-shaped patch. The basic design consist of inset feed type and we have used dielectric substrate Fr4 epoxy whereas E-shaped patch consist of coaxial probe and RT Duroid as substrate. Both the designs have been implemented using HFSS software. On comparing the parameters of both the antenna’s design, it was observed that E-shaped patch antenna has enhanced gain and return loss, hence the antenna with enhanced parameters is considered, the better one. Keywords : Rectangular patch antenna, Micro strip patch, E-shaped patch, coaxial feed Cite this Article Priya Sharma, Shreya Ghare, Shruti Jain, Archana Tiwari. Design and Simulation of E-Shape Micro-strip Patch Antenna at 2.45GHz. Journal of Microwave Engineering & Technologies . 2020; 7(1): 17–24p.

Partial discharge (PD) phenomenon in high-voltage (HV) apparatus is a warning symptom of insulation degradation that can eventually lead to equipment breakdown. The ultra-high frequency (UHF) or electromagnetic method has been widely adopted to monitor the insulation condition of HV power equipment such as power transformers. To detect PD occurrence on HV power transformers, the UHF method is preferable due to its high immunity to external interferences such as background noise and electromagnetic interferences from telecommunication. The UHF antennas are used in the UHF method to detect the electromagnetic waves emitted by PD events inside the power transformer tank. Many studies about the design of UHF antennas to detect PD on power transformers have been conducted previously. However, these UHF sensors are still facing noise disturbances especially for on-line partial discharge measurement, in presence of high noise levels. To address interference issues affecting the UHF sensor sensitivity, this paper presents a novel UHF PD sensor called rectangular microstrip patch antenna or simply patch antenna. This type of antenna has a simple structure, low cost for fabrication, and ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency enabling it to detect PD signals in a wide frequency range within the UHF range (300MHz-3GHZ). To design, simulate and optimize the UHF antenna, the HFSS software was used. The FR4-epoxy substrate having a thickness of 1.6mm, and a dielectric constant of 4.4 was used to design and simulate this rectangular patch antenna. The perfect electric conductor (PEC) was used on the rectangular patch, feedline, and ground plane of the designed patch antenna. The proposed antenna has a low reflection coefficient, low VSWR < 2, a wide bandwidth, as suitable gain, and directivity enabling this antenna to be a suitable and promising sensor for PD detection on power transformers.

This letter investigates the performance and requirements of High gain microstrip patch antennas for Sub-6 GHz 5G applications. Here the rectangular patch antenna is gradually modified with 3-different techniques: (i) Edge-cut single rectangular patch antenna (ii) Wheel shape slot loaded on the radiating patches (iii) Staircase-shape two element rectangular patch antenna array. This paper discussed 4 different rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) designs (Design - 1, 2, 3, 4) for Fifth generation communication system. The aim of the Wheel shape structure is to achieve wide bandwidth and antenna gain; Edge truncation technique helps to improve impedance matching and Staircase-shape structure helps to enhance bandwidth as well as achieves compactness of the antenna. All these antennas are convenient for Sub-6GHz 5G- NR band n79 (4.4 GHz to 5 GHz). All these structures are designed and simulated in ANSYS HFSS 2019 software.

A broadband microstrip patch antenna with multi-layer substrate for fuze application is designed. The multi-layer substrate is composed of the bottom layer of Si with low electric conductivity, the middle and the top layers of Si with high electric conductivity. An air cavity is fabricated by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching in the middle layer of Si to reduce the effective dielectric constant of the multi-layer substrate. The multi-layer substrate microstrip patch antenna is simulated and optimized by finite element method. The simulation results show that operating at 10GHz, the bandwidth and the gain of the multi-layer substrate microstrip patch antenna are 15.5% and 6.1dB respectively, which meet the needs of the application in fuze well.

This paper proposed a rectangular microstrip patch antenna employing textile substrate material suitable for satellite downlink applications has been demonstrated and analyzed. The paper presents a compact and low profile microstrip fed textile patch antenna employing rectangular patch as a radiating element and Denim as substrate with relative permittivity (dielectric constant) e r = 1.6 and dimensions 26.8mm × 22.8mm × 0.7mm. The proposed antenna has operating range of frequencies from 10.705 GHz to 10.953GHz. The proposed antenna has gain of 8.49 dB and directivity of 8.35dBi at resonant frequency of 10.832GHz. The performance of the prototype antenna has been examined in terms of return loss (dB), directivity (dBi), gain (dB), input impedance and VSWR. The antenna has been designed, simulated and analyzed using CST Microwave Studio 2014. The proposed textile antenna has impedance bandwidth of 247 MHz with input impedance of 49.9 ohms. The compact size and flexibility of antenna enables the structure to be easily integrated into spacesuit for satellite downlink communication purposes. The antenna has been practically fabricated then tested for experimental validation using E5071C Network Analyzer and anechoic chamber. It has been observed that the practical results closely match with the simulated results of the proposed antenna.

This article presents the experimental results and verification of design expressions of multilayer rectangular and circular microstrip patch. Three rectangular and circular microstrip patch of different dimension have been fabricated on substrates er2 = 4.3, thickness 1.53 mm and er2 = 2.2, thickness 0.787 mm. The measurements have been carried out for simple microstrip patch, covered microstrip patch, space dielectric patch and microtrip patch with two superstrate. The experimental results obtained have been compared with reported design expression of multilayer rectangular and circular Microstrip patch in (Kumar and Malathi, Microwave Opt Technol Lett (2007), 2946-2950; Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40 (2008), 3206-3212). The experimental resonant frequency is in close agreement with the calculated resonant frequency. Such experimental validation and results may prove to be more useful for design engineers and further investigation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:352–356, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25735

The rectangular microstrip patch antenna has been extensively analyzed with regard to its input impedance and resonant frequency, both for infinite and finite ground plane dimensions. For infinite ground planes existing formulas have been compared and improved parameters presented. The influence from the side current radiation has been discussed as well. For finite ground plane dimensions the contribution from the ground plane edge diffraction has been accounted for in an equivalent radiation conductance and an equivalent diffraction susceptance. Formulas for these parameters have been developed on the basis of different theories. They are valid under the condition that only one of the ground plane dimensions are finite at the same time. Experimental investigations are carried out to test the accuracy of the developed formulas, showing good accuracy under the given conditions.

Based on a resonant cavity model, this work presents an effective computer aided design (CAD) algorithm to design singly fed circularly polarized (CP) rectangular microstrip patch antennas. The CAD algorithm allows precise prediction of the antenna performance. The analysis of radiation pattern, input impedance, and axial ratio parameters confirm the success of the design. The experimental results from a manufactured prototype operating at 2.25 GHz are in good agreement with the CAD predictions. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 9: 32–41, 1999.

This paper reviews the multiband performance of a microstrip rectangular slotted patch antenna towards the three-way slotting achieved in the four stage design process. The process iterates through the stages of a basic rectangular patch design, incorporation of a rectangular slot open ended at the two sides, introduction of a circular slot at the center of stage 2 design followed by the rectangular extensions of the circular slots. The substrate used is FR4 epoxy (h=1.6 mm)and the coaxial feeding technique has been employed. The design stages have been analyzed over HFSS for the major parameters including the reflection coefficient, bandwidth, radiation pattern and gain. The design results for each stage have been graphically shown and stated in the results section.

A narrow band micro strip patch antenna with "Pentagonal Rings" shaped metamaterial cover is proposed and analyzed at a height of 3.2mm from the ground plane. The antenna along with the proposed metamaterial cover is designed to resonate at 2.31GHz frequency (in S-Band). Proposed metamaterial cover significantly reduces the return loss and increases the directivity of the antenna in comparison to rectangular micro strip patch antenna alone. The proposed antenna is suitable for application requiring low bandwidth space and reduced return loss, at 2.31GHz frequency. The scope of this paper is to design and simulate the proposed artificial structure with simultaneous negative permittivity and permeability or the so-called LH MTM. Nicolson-Ross-Weir approach has been used for verifying the double-negative properties of the proposed metamaterial cover.

This paper is highly focused on the multiband application of the microstrip patch antenna. In first phase, rectangular microstrip antenna (RMSA) with a rectangular slot cut inside the rectangular patch at an appropriate position is simulated and analyzed. Then, the double (dual) slot had been embedded in the rectangular patch. Comparative analysis between these proposed structures and a simple microstrip patch antenna is done. Parameters as return loss and bandwidth are analyzed using FDTD algorithm in MATLAB. The use of multi slotted concept in rectangular patch antenna makes it flexible in terms of bandwidth control.

In this paper an inset fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed and its parameters like return loss, directivity, band width are analysed. Then a metamaterial structure of Interconnected Hexagonal Rings is designed such that it exhibits negative permittivity and negative permeability at the same frequency as that of inset fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Here NRW parameters are used to verify negative permittivity and negative permeability. This structure is then superimposed on the microstrip patch antenna and its parameters are again analysed. Improvements are seen in the above parameters. Then a varactor diode as active device is added to the metamaterial structure and again parameters are analysed using CST microwave studio software. Further improvement in above parameters are observed.

This paper presents a compact split ring resonator metamaterial-embedded rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The inset-fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) resonates at 5.29 GHz frequency with return loss −12.108 dB is designed with applications in wireless communication. After then, RMPA is embedded with metamaterial split ring resonator. This metamaterial structure gives reduced resonant frequency and improved bandwidth along with good impedance matching. This technique also provides 27% reduction in size of RMPA. The proposed antenna is simulated using HFSS software, the prototype antenna has been fabricated and results are measured.

The input and mutual impedances of rectangular microstrip patches mounted on a spherical structure are studied in the paper. The analysis approach is based on the moment method where the elements of the moment method matrix are calculated in the spectral domain. In order to avoid numerical problems a modified vector-Legendre transformation and normalized Legendre polynomials are defined and applied to the solution procedure. An approximate method is developed to calculate coupling between basis and test functions located on different patches. A laboratory model is built to test different configurations of patches and to validate the calculated results.

A simple dual-band antenna design and implementation method is proposed in this work, based on the equivalent media properties inspired by resonant metamaterial elements. The equivalent circuit model of dual-band patch antennas based on a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is presented and validated. The dual-band patch antenna is designed etching a CSRR in the patch of a conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The first resonance is governed by the quasi-static resonance of the CSRR while the second resonance is originated by the rectangular patch. The fact of etching a CSRR on a rectangular patch antenna also produces a miniaturization of a conventional patch antenna. The equivalent circuit model proposed in this letter is sound in order to understand the functionality of dual-band patch antennas based on a CSRR. Good agreement between simulation, equivalent circuit model and experimental results is shown and discussed. These results lead the equivalent circuit model to become a simple and straightforward tool for the design of this type of multiband antennas, of low cost and versatile operation for a broad range of wireless communication systems.