Public history, personal pseudohistory, and VirtHSTM

Notes on Contributors

To answer the question of what public history is, it is worth turning to its origins. The emergence of academic history in the 19th century was associated with its separation from other fields of knowledge. At that time, it was believed that without a professional historical education, it would be impossible to become a learned and intelligent person and to narrate the past objectively and truthfully. Otherwise, these stories would resemble nothing but myths and fairy tales. During Soviet times, history gradually became a scientific discipline as well as an ideological doctrine, as its primary task during the rapid cascade of changes in various political regimes was to educate ideologically savvy professionals for state-building. Historical science was formed during the creation of nation-states and affirmed the national identity of various social and ethnic groups that formed one nation. World War II forced historians to rethink the meaning of life, its fragility, and vulnerability. At the same time, the deep political, economic, and social world crisis of the 1970s – another global upheaval – drew the attention of historical science to the person. Oral history, new social history, public history, etc. sprang into existence. Attention was also paid to certain social groups – women, religious communities, working and student youth, etc. Gradually, public history has become a factor contributing to the democratisation of historical science. Thus, the article describes the peculiarities of the development of public history and its forward movement in the world. The author concludes that public history will not only provide a modern idea of what historical knowledge is but will also help to find out how it works now in our context, how it is used for the benefit of various individual and collective social actors, and, ultimately, will provide guidance for discerning the basis of Ukrainian disputes over historical issues. Keywords: official history, public history, emergence, development, crisis of the 1970s.

Purpose– Does copyright protection reduce or foster intellectual and industrial creation? Based on a case study from history of science, the aim is to provide more controversial evidence to this debate.Design/methodology/approach– The investigation used primary and secondary sources from the history of science and made the link to the actual debate on copyright, piracy and scientific communication.Findings– The paper describes how Elzevier, through non-authorized exploitation of a new product and without consideration of the editor's legitimate interests, in a context of missing copyright protection, largely contributed to the dissemination of the FrenchJournal de Savantsand its content, and finally to the success of scientific journals. Obviously, rights infringement can not only promote the interest and objective of the rights holder but also and above all contribute to the emergence and development of new forms of scientific life. Sometimes, when barriers to communication and debate are too strong, tolerated and calculated infringement may be an option to move the lines/change the situation.Research limitations/implications– In the post-Gutenberg galaxy, made up of open access, common goods and public domain, open data and e-Science, evaluation, innovation, sustainability, communication and sharing, copyright is not necessarily the (only) option to develop scientific communication. At least, the authors have to study lessons from academic publishing, copyright protection and piracy very carefully.Originality/value– The paper sheds light on a surprising and not very well-known part of the history of academic publishing.

Among the various facets of the new public history movement, applied history holds particular interest for social science historians. Public history generally involves the effort to use historical work for nonacademic audiences; it thus embraces historical museum work, aspects of archive preservation, and media presentations for general audiences. All these are admirable goals, not of course novel, but receiving new and explicit attention in a variety of recent programs, and in the Public History Association. Applied history, though part of public history in its broadest sense, has a more specific mission (one must note that some of the presentation training programs in public history are labeled “applied,” a terminological confusion that one hopes can be remedied). Applied historians seek directly to integrate certain kinds of historical research with the process of policy research, in both public and private sectors. Applied historians do this research themselves, most typically on a contract basis from academic sanctuaries but potentially as policy researchers independent of a direct academic base. They are also involved in training graduate students in this research mode, and in several cases have also mounted undergraduate courses or programs in the genre.

Ding Fubao was a pivotal figure in developing and disseminating modern western medicine in China by translating, compiling and writing a large number of western medical books. His medical books are crucial historical documents in the history of publishing, science and technology, and translation in China. However, current research on his medical books remains insufficient in terms of unclarified basic quantity, bibliography, publication time and version details. Based on physical evidence, this paper examined these historical materials, synthesized the previous studies, and finally constructed a complete, accurate and standardised catalog of Ding's medical books up to date, with 157 books in total. Compared with the previous studies, this catalog added 8 books which had never been mentioned before and deleted 12 books previously misattributed to Ding, supplemented 172 versions, corrected 104 bibliographic details, and left 53 issues open.

<p>Уникальность истории психологии в России состоит в том, что, в отличие от мировых тенденций, где историко-психологическая проблематика все более дифференцируется и растворяется с частными научными направлениями, у нас в стране она сохраняет свою интегративность и статус отдельной психологической отрасли. Происходит это благодаря сформировавшейся отечественной традиции рассмотрения истории каждой конкретной науки не только как научной пропедевтики, но и как научной культуры, с ее требованиями преемственности и сохранения релевантной научной методологии.</p><p> Современные реалии, обусловленные инновационной функциональностью информационных систем, предлагают новые формы оценки науки, связанные с формальными индикаторами научной результативности. В статье исследуется информационный статус истории психологии как публикационного массива в отечественном информационно-публикационном и наукометрическом пространстве.</p><p>Рассматривается объем историко-психологических публикаций в Российском индексе научного цитирования, а также публикационная динамика в области истории психологии, отраженная в РИНЦ. Выявляются организации — лидеры по публикационной активности в области истории психологии. Исследования по истории психологии и связанные с ними публикации рассматриваются как фактор, влияющий на рост или ослабление индикаторов влиятельности (импакт-факторов) отечественных научных периодических изданий. Проводится сравнение показателей продуктивности/авторитетности (индекс Хирша) массива публикаций, объединенного темой «история психологии», и массивами публикаций по другим отраслям психологического знания.</p><p>Делается вывод о приросте и издержках истории психологии в актуальном моменте развития информационных ресурсов.</p>

Forebyggende medicinering for at reducere risikoen for hjertekarsygdom er for mange ældre danskere blevet en integreret del af hverdagen. Med udgangspunkt i udviklinger omkring blodtrykssænkende medicin fra 1950 og frem undersøger denne artikel, hvilke videnskabelige, økonomiske og politiske forandringer der har bidraget til at gøre forebyggende medicinering til en del af vores aldring, som langt hen af vejen tages for givet. Analysen trækker på medicinsk historiske og samfundsvidenskabelige publikationer, offentligt tilgængelige rapporter og statistik samt interviews med danske blodtryksforskere og ledere i lægemiddelvirksomheder. Analysen demonstrerer, hvordan ændringer i forståelsen af fænomenet blodtryksforhøjelse blandt medicinske forskere spillede sammen med ændringer i lægemiddelmarkedet, som yderligere blev hjulpet på vej af velfærdsstatslig regulering i kølvandet på 2. verdenskrig. Samlet peger analysen på, at det er forsimplet at forstå den stigende udbredelse af forebyggende medicin enten som videnskabens triumf eller ’medikalisering’ af alderdommen drevet frem af kapitalinteresser. Derimod er det væsentligt at forstå hvilke mulighedsrum, der skabes i samspillet mellem markedskræfter, forskningsambitioner og offentlig regulering, og hvordan det udnyttes af forskellige aktører i et felt.

Journal Article Historical Analogism, Public Policy, and Social Science in Eleventh- and Twelfth-Century China Get access Robert M. Hartwell Robert M. Hartwell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 76, Issue 3, June 1971, Pages 690–727, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/76.3.690 Published: 01 June 1971

Chapter 25 - Legislative Aspects of Lead Regulation and Regulatory Policies

The online panel discussion following the 2021 Boyle Lecture, “The Re‐discovery of Contemplation through Science” was very rich, both in terms of the topics raised by the panel members, and the extensive list of questions and suggestions posed by the online participants. Here, I record some initial thoughts in response, grouped under the following headings: Overall Rationale and Purpose, Contemplative Methodologies in Scientific Insight and Broader Practice, Science Culture and Politics, Psychological and Meditative Consequences, Natural Theology of Old and New Kinds, New Atheism, Education, Christian Practice, and Lessons from the History of Science and Technology.

Aims: The aim of this poster is to chronologically describe the past thirty years of the field of Applied Physical Activity at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of Charles University in Prague and to place the emergence of the field in its historical context. Method: The research method used was historical with the application of methods and techniques inherent to historiography, especially the analysis of historical sources and the use of auxiliary historical sciences and archives, including those that archive documents from research or materials from the field of applied physical education at Charles University. In this theoretical work, available historical publications such as monographs, articles, and internal publications of Charles University, mainly from the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, were used to map more than thirty years of the history of the field. As part of the data collection, interviews were also conducted with former and current teachers of the field, the study department and the Vice Dean for Student Affairs of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport. Result: Applied physical activity is a kinanthropological discipline dealing with the organisation of physical activity programmes for people with specific needs. At the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of Charles University, a discipline with this focus was opened in 1992 under the name Physical and Occupational Education for the Disabled. This poster presents the development and key milestones of the field of Adapted Physical Activities (APA) at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of Charles University over the last thirty years, and offers an overview of the different periods of the field, setting the emergence of the field in its historical context. In the more than 30 years since its inception, the field has undergone a number of changes leading to the creation of the current field of Adapted Physical Education and sport for persons with special needs in the Department of Health Physical Education and Sports Medicine fakulty of Physical Education and Sport Charles University in Prague Czech Republic. Keywords: college, curriculum, history, disability, physical education

As one of the oldest continuously publishing journals in statistics (published since 1901), Biometrika provides a unique window onto the history of statistics and its epistemic development throughout the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries. While the early history of the discipline, with the works of key figures, such as Karl Pearson, Francis Galton, or Ronald Fisher, is relatively well known, the later (and longer) episodes of its intellectual development remain understudied. By applying digital tools to the full-text corpus of the journal articles (N = 5,596), the objective of this study is to provide a novel quantitative exploration of the history of the statistical sciences via an all-encompassing view of 120 years of Biometrika. To this aim, topic-modelling analyses are used and provide insights into the epistemic content of the journal and its evolution. Striking changes in the thematic content of the journal are documented and quantified for the first time, from the decline of Pearsonian and Weldonian biometrical research and the journal’s tight connection to biology in the 1930s to the rise of modern statistical methods beginning in the 1960s and 1970s. Newly developed approaches are used to infer author networks from publication topics. The resulting network of authors shows the existence of several communities, well-aligned with topic clusters and their evolution through time. It also highlights the role of specific figures over more than a century of publishing history and provides a first window onto the foundation, development, and diverse applications of the statistical sciences.

This article considers the development of Soviet historical science during the second half of the 1980s based on the analysis of periodicals, private sources, as well as clerical and other documents of Soviet universities and academic institutions. During the first stage, i.e., in 1985–1987, historians had to respond to the “challenge posed by the party” and turn to studying the topical problems of the recent past. However, the system of Soviet historical science was “stable” enough to cope with this “challenge” without profound transformations of the long-established mechanism of work among academic institutions and universities. The second stage of the Soviet historical science reorganization, i.e., in the second half of 1988–1990, was characterized by more radical changes that implied the institutional restructuring implemented within the framework of the program for the reorganization of the existing research centers and the “turn” to solving the urgent research problems. Additionally, a new space of public history, where publicists, writers, and historians discussed the “acute” problems of the recent past was developing with the very legitimacy of official Soviet historiography questioned.

The reference book “Terminological Dictionary of Publishing Business: Editor’s Book” by Viktor Shpak was published in 2020. Its author, Viktor Ivanovych Shpak, is a Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Publishing Department of the Institute of Journalism at the Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University. The area of scientific interests of the researcher includes the history of publishing in modern Ukraine, small business of the Ukrainian publishing industry, economics of publishing, management of publishing business, the printing in modern Ukraine, training for the publishing industry, public organizations of the publishing industry.