Quantum well optical tri-state devices

With the rapid growth in the number of applications served by the microprocessor in the electronic device, brings the significant challenges such as response time, bit error probability, computational complexity etc. In order to replace the existing electrical technology due to its delay prone and huge energy loss, optical technology can be adopted because of reliability, high data speed, and low interference. This paper introduces the new concept to improve the overall capacity of the optical system. Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) is adopted to improve the diversity and reduce error in transmission. The analysis is based on the transceivers location and channel gain in the optical bus. Scattering effect for different wavelength rays is also analyzed in unguided optical bus environment.

Order statistics on optically interconnected multiprocessor systems

The stage and close-up magicians have employed various types of optical effects in the presentation of magic illusions. Although certain magical effects "are done with mirrors", many other feats of magic employ no mirrors at all, but other optical-type devices in certain instances. The magician has relied on his magical creativity, misdirection, and showmanship, often more than certain optical and engineering-type devices for achievement of the magical effect. However, certain technical devices have always been a part of the magician's "bag-of-tricks". A brief overview of the magic, patent, and engineering literature is presented detailing what optical devices and effects magicians have and will continue to use. An important criterion is that the optical effect, however simple or complex, when combined with the intended illusion, give the audience the experience of an entertaining, mysterious, magical effect--not a science class type demonstration. Several examples are presented of optical effects in magic tricks which have been successfully employed. The main purpose of this paper is not to expose the secrets of magic, but to allow the optical engineer to gain an appreciation and understanding of how the magician develops and performs new effects, so that new optical devices and techniques might find their place in a show of illusions.

In this paper, an innovative 3-to-3 bi-directional optical bus architecture based on multimode polymer waveguides with embedded 45° micro-mirrors was successfully demonstrated. With a lithography-free imprinting process by high quality electroplated metallic mold, the device can be precisely replicated with a low fabrication cost. Superior to any point-to-point optical waveguide, the implemented optical bus structure is capable of broadcasting and receiving high speed data at 10 Gbit/sec among multiple points as a high performance optical backplane.

Novel optical devices based on the tunable refractive index of magnetic fluid and their characteristics

This paper examines the computing power of optical parallel computer systems. We consider the proposed Array of Processors with optical Pipelined Buses (APPB) in particular, where processors communicate with each other via a spanning optical bus. APPB allow simultaneous access by multiple processors to the optical bus through message pipelining, thus overcoming the bottlenecks caused by exclusive access when employing electronic buses. We give an overview of this model of parallel computation, and then examine the computing power of APPB by demonstrating its capability to efficiently emulate the CRCW PRAM model. We show that an APPB is almost as powerful as a CRCW PRAM. That is, an APPB can emulate a CRCW PRAM with only a small degradation in time performance.

For the shortcomings of traditional data communication electronic mode and bus interface, optical fiber communication electronic technology and compact peripheral component interconnect (CPCI) bus interface mode with industry standard are adopted to design a kind of optical fiber communication electronic data transmission mode. The optical fiber communication electronic board based on CPCI bus constitutes a novel optical fiber communication electronic system. In the process of hardware design, the small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver module is used to convert the photoelectric signal and complete the transmission of optical fiber data. Regarding the existence of differential signal in high-speed serial circuit of electronic board, the wiring is reasonably arranged. The hardware test platform of optical fiber communication electronic system is built based on PCI9054 CPCI bus and industrial personal computer (IPC) communication electronics. FPGA with embedded high-speed serial transceiver module is adopted to design the hardware logic function. Binary gray code is used to count. FIFO protocol and Aurora protocol are supported. Protocol IP core is customized to realize the full duplex electronic communication of high-speed data. Considering the loss problem of the system, the grey model GM(1, 1), ARIMA model and Elman neural network are employed as the big data level research scheme, which are combined into the loss prediction model according to a certain proportion. In the experiment, the test of DMA data reading and writing function is designed, and the embedded highspeed transceiver module and optical fiber communication electronic logic function are simulated. The results show that the symbol error rate (SER) is always 0, and the low-pass filtering characteristics of the channel are effectively compensated, which makes the signal quality stabler. Compared with the single big data level research scheme, the combined model has smaller prediction error and higher prediction accuracy.

Photon is established as a strong and promising candidate in all-optical signal processing and superfast computing. Again, it is found that photon has a successful approach to be used as a quantum mechanical particle. For this reason, it is used as a carrier of information in optical systems instead of electrons in electronic systems. All-optical quantum systems can provide very high speed, secured and noise free communication and computation. Over the last few decades, several all-optical logic processors, algebraic processors, logic gates and their integrated systems are developed by many researchers. All-optical quantum logic gates with qubit data are the basic building block of an optical quantum computer. In quantum computation, qubits or quantum bits are the quantum analogue of classical boolean bits and are used to store information. Several popular encoding techniques (like phase encoding, frequency encoding, intensity encoding, polarization encoding etc.) are used to develop the qubits. Here, in this paper, the gate matrix for quantum optical tristate CNOT logic gate is developed for the first time with a frequency encoding technique. Quantum optical CNOT gate is one of the most important logic gates in the logic family that is extensively used for performing information processing task in optical systems. Tristate-based optical logic operations are proved to increase the data handling capacity. Also, the speed of different types of optical logic operations can be increased with tristate-based optical logic systems. Introduction of contradiction state is another advantage of tristate logic systems. Frequency encoding principle is the best way to encode tristate, quaternary state and multivalued logic states. In the article, the authors have developed a proper truth table and gate matrix of frequency encoded tristate CNOT gate. The all-optical scheme for tristate CNOT gate can be implemented with semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based optical switches. At the same time advantages of quantum optical operations are exploited.KeywordsSemiconductor optical amplifierTristate logicFrequency encoding principle

To cope with ever-increasing traffic demands in transport networks, all-optical switching is currently perceived as a solution to remove bottlenecks imposed by O/E/O conversions. Optical label switching accomplishes packet switching using the optical-labels. It simplifies the design of switching devices in the optical domain and speeds up packet forwarding significantly. In this paper, we propose a novel design of optical switches, and present a performance analysis to show its in-depth behavior. The analysis results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed switching architecture.

I discuss the requirements for optical and optoelectronic devices for large-scale use in digital processing systems. Optics has many potential advantages, especially in helping communications within processors. It is difficult to make optical logic devices because few nonlinear effects are large enough and because most device concepts cannot satisfy the qualitative requirements for digital logic. Quantum well symmetric self-electrooptic-effect devices are now good enough optical logic elements for systems experiments with free-space optics. There are also future prospects for large-scale integration of quantum well optical devices with electronics. This may eventually allow the best of both electronic and optical features for better system performance.

Simplified models for the way information is stored in neural networks consist of two major components: neurons and interconnections among the neurons. Information is stored in the interconnections and the operation of the neurons themselves is often modeled as thresholding. An optical architecture is described and experimentally demonstrated that utilizes a microchannel spatial light modulator (MSLM) to optically simulate a 2-D array of neurons that can represent 2-D patterns and holograms to implement the interconnection among the pixels in the array. Two separate holograms are used and each is fabricated as a multiplexed Fourier transform hologram of a set of images. The optical system is configured so that when an input image matches one of the patterns stored in the first hologram, the associated image from the second hologram is reconstructed and imaged onto the MSLM which thresholds it. For the case of autoassociations the input and output images are the same and feedback can be used by imaging the output of the MSLM back through the optical system.

We have designed and constructed a scalable and reconfigurable optical IP network system for use in residential premises. The network system consists of an optical fiber bus, bus interfaces attached to the bus, and a gateway. In the newly constructed network, 8 optical wavelengths in the course WDM standard were allocated to Gigabit optical transceivers and optical add/drop modules, respectively. The performance examination clarified that throughput of around 90 Mbps was obtained even when 8 personal computers belonging to the different 8 sub networks sent packets simultaneously. The scalability was also confirmed by experiment.

The aircraft landing signal lamp is a kind of optical equipment which provides the pilot with visual landing optical indication. It is installed on the apron of the airport. The aircraft landing signal lamp is usually installed on the aircraft landing sign line. To ensure the safety of aircraft taking off and landing, the height of the lamp after installation should not exceed 30mm. Aircraft landing lights need to provide 360 degrees of horizontal direction, 7 degrees to 90 degrees of vertical direction, and the power should not be too large, therefore, the optical system is required to have a reasonable light distribution curve, high light utilization rate. Because pilots are equipped with night vision equipment at night, landing lights need to provide a near-infrared light signal as well as visible light. To make aircraft take off and land safer, this paper designs an optical system of aircraft landing signal light based on the principle of light guiding optics, which makes the upper surface of the lamp flush with the mounting surface. The height of the lamp after installation is 0mm. The optical system consists of LED integrated surface light source and light guiding glass column. Integrated surface light source integrates visible light LED chip and near infrared LED chip together. To make the light Angle larger and the light distribution curve more reasonable, the upper surface of the light guide glass column is in the form of microlens array. At the end of this paper, a photo of the optical indication effect of aircraft landing signal light is given.

The author examines how optical systems can be used to break the bottlenecks that conventional electronic implementation imposes and presents an initial proposal for a high-performance and scalable optical data-flow architecture. The architecture exploits the high degree of connectivity and inherent parallelism in optics for implementing a highly parallel instruction-level data-flow multiprocessing system. Architectural and implementation issues are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Iridescence—change of colour with changes in the angle of view or of illumination—is widespread in the living world, but its functions remain poorly understood. The presence of iridescence has been suggested in flowers where diffraction gratings generate iridescent colours. Such colours have been suggested to serve plant–pollinator communication. Here we tested whether a higher iridescence relative to corolla pigmentation would facilitate discrimination, learning and retention of iridescent visual targets. We conditioned bumblebees (<i>Bombus terrestris</i>) to discriminate iridescent from non-iridescent artificial flowers and we varied iridescence detectability by varying target iridescent relative to pigment optical effect. We show that bees rewarded on targets with higher iridescent relative to pigment effect required fewer choices to complete learning, showed faster generalization to novel targets exhibiting the same iridescence-to-pigment level and had better long-term memory retention. Along with optical measurements, behavioural results thus demonstrate that bees can learn iridescence-related cues as <i>bona fide</i> signals for flower reward. They also suggest that floral advertising may be shaped by competition between iridescence and corolla pigmentation, a fact that has important evolutionary implications for pollinators. Optical measurements narrow down the type of cues that bees may have used for learning. Beyond pollinator–plant communication, our experiments help understanding how receivers influence the evolution of iridescence signals generated by gratings.