Rectangular Micro Strip Patch Array Antenna With Corporate Feed Network For Wireless Communication Applications

This work looks at the use of wideband cavity-backed U-slot microstrip antennas in finite phased arrays. This configuration retains the single-patch and single-layer characteristics of conventional microstrip antenna arrays and provides a good impedance matching over wider scan angles when electrically thick substrates are used to improve the frequency bandwidth. The characteristics of finite phased arrays of U-slot rectangular microstrip patches enclosed in cylindrical cavities are analyzed from a validated hybrid methodology based on the finite element method, the modal analysis, and the properties of spherical waves. The results are compared with those obtained using an infinite array model. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.

In this paper, we designed a rectangular patch single and array antenna by using CST software version 18.0. First, we used a copper as radiating patch and then the nanomaterial conductor like carbon nanotube (CNT) to improve the antenna performance. In both cases, the operating frequency is 2.4 GHz, which is used for many communication applications including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. We have designed the four-element patch array antenna in two forms of arrangement (series and corporate feed). We used the substrate FR4 (its height=1.6 mm, Єr=4.3) and copper as the ground in all our designs. The return loss (s parameter) Always less than 10 dB the value of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) was close to the one in the designs. The highest directivity obtained from a patch array (1×4) antenna was 13.5 dBi when using carbon nanotube. Finally, we made a comparison of the analyzed results after simulation in a detailed table of the basic antenna properties, Including Return loss, VSWR, gain and directivity at the resonant frequency.

Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile, low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch. The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch. However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used .

In this paper Microstrip Patch antenna is designed in Ansoft HFSSV13. The designed antennas are double-sided printed microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is designed over the operating frequency is 2.4GHZ using the substrate material as FR4 which has the dielectric constant of 4.4(ε <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> ). The designed antenna can be used for ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) band and WLAN applications. The designed antenna has low profile, low cost, easy fabrication and good isolation. The antenna is designed by using Ansoft HFSSV13 simulation software and designed antenna provides return loss less then −10dB. The parameters such as return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), mutual coupling, gain, radiation pattern has been simulated and analyzed.

This paper described the design of multiple element of microstrip patch antenna array operating at 2.45GHz for WLAN and 5.85GHz for WiMAX applications. The design and development also focus on different type antenna such as rectangular and circular patch antennas. Microstrip antennas have the attractive features of low profile and light weight. However the antennas may be too large for practical applications at the lower microwave frequency range and may offer only a few percentage of bandwidth. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio is used as an effective tool for 3D electromagnetic simulation of high frequency components. A parallel or corporate feed configuration is used to build up the arrays. In parallel feed, the patch elements were fed in parallel with the transmission lines. The transmission lines are divided into two branches according to the number of patch elements. The objective of this project is to develop the antenna that has high gain, directivity and efficiency. Each component of the antenna system is optimized to get the best results. Many factors are considered such as operating frequencies, bandwidth requirements and directivity, all of which affect its efficiency. The analysis on performance will be based on the obtained result especially in radiation pattern, bandwidth and return loss.

This work presents a wideband 60 GHz microstrip patch antenna (MPA) array based on low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) multilayer technology. Four parasitic patches are stacked above the driven MPA. An additional resonant mode is excited by the proposed parasitic surrounding stacked patches (PSSPs) to enhance the bandwidth of the MPA. The structure of the PSSPs increases the gain of the MPA due to its array configuration. The proposed PSSP structure can find many applications in designs for large‐scale antenna arrays because the PSSPs and the driven microstrip patch are distributed at different layers. This arrangement allows a direct feed network to the MPA without the blockage caused by the PSSPs. A 2 × 2 antenna array was designed and fabricated with the PSSPs to further increase its gain. The proposed array can achieve a gain of 10.5 dBi and a wide bandwidth of 27.3% at 60 GHz.

The modern wireless communication desires high gain, wide bandwidth and minimal size antennas that are efficient to provide improved performance over a wide range of frequency spectrum. This requirement leads to the design of microstrip patch antenna. This paper presents the design of compact 1X2 microstrip patch antenna array which uses the corporate feed technique for excitation. The proposed antenna is designed on FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6mm. Dielectric constant and parameters like Return Loss, Gain and Radiation pattern are calculated using high frequency simulation software. The fabricated antennas results are to be compared with Simulation results. The antenna has been designed for the range 2.4 GHz. Keywords: Microstrip antenna, corporate feed, FR-4 substrate, Microstrip antenna array

The paper presents design and development of a linear microstrip patch antenna array and also, a method to change the radiation pattern of the array by steering null in the desired direction. This is achieved by changing the phase of each of the array element which produces a null in the radiation pattern without significantly affecting the main beam lobe. Different methods can be used for array synthesis. In this paper the Schelkunoff polynomial method is used for the synthesis of array. For an N element array, (N-I) nulls can be formed. The array is designed around a frequency of 930 MHz using four microstrip patch antenna elements of rectangular shape arranged in linear configuration. The theoretical design of the antenna array is presented initially and then the results of the array simulation and the hardware implementation are presented.

The primary aim of this work is to design and analyze a microstrip patch array antenna for usage in 5G communication systems. Array antennas are extensively employed in 5G applications due to their high gain and directivity, which enhance signal strength, coverage and directional control. The microstrip patch is fabricated on FR-4 materials and configured in a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1 \times 2$</tex> array. The antenna is engineered to comply with the frequency range of 3.4 GHz to 3.6 GHz that is regulated by the Malaysian 5G applications. The microstrip patch antenna array operates at a frequency of 3.5 GHz. The FR-4 substrate has a height of 1.6 mm and a dielectric constant of 4.7. The microstrip patch antenna array has been designed with the appropriate dimensions through theoretical analyses and computations. The principal software for modelling and simulating results is the CST Microwave Studio 2021. Gain, directivity, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), radiation pattern, bandwidth, and the reflection coefficient are among the critical parameters that must be analysed.

Summary form only given. A reconfigurable antenna based on liquid crystal technology is presented in this paper. It comprises of a 1×4 microstrip patch antenna array, LC-based inverted microstrip line (IMSL) phase shifters, and RF-feeding and biasing networks. Nematic LC (N-LC) cell is used as tunable substrates for both the microstrip patch antenna array and the phase shifters. The dielectric tensor of N-LC is controlled a DC or low-frequency AC bias voltage. The microstrip patches are used as waveguide radiating elements while the LC-based IMSL phase shifters are used to steer the main beam. The RF signal coupled between the phase shifters and microstrip patch antennas are guided and then radiated from the top face of the microstrip patch antennas. As a proof of concept, the beam steering capability of the reconfigurable antenna is demonstrated by steering the main beam to -27°, 0 and 27° at 14.5 GHz and the frequency tuning capability is demonstrated by changing the frequency from 15.9 GHz at 0V to 14.3 GHz at 10 V, a tuning range of 10%. Comparisons with measurements are provided in order to validate the proposed numerical approach and illustrate the potential use of LC's as tunable materials in microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies.

A solution is presented for the problem of an infinite array of microstrip patches fed with short current elements. The input reflection coefficient is calculated versus scan angle in an arbitrary scan plane, and the effects of substrate parameters and grid spacings are considered. The scan blindness phenomenom is observed and discussed in terms of a forced surface wave response. Measurements from waveguide simulators confirm the theory for thin substrates.

This paper presents a novel self-isolation technique for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) microstrip patch antenna (MPA) arrays using annular via-based mode conversion. The proposed approach transforms the TM20 mode into a hybrid TM20+TM01 mode, enabling high isolation in both E-plane and H-plane coupled configurations without requiring additional decoupling structures. A compact 2 × 1 single-fed antenna array is designed using annular vias and an open slot in the MPA, serving as a fundamental unit for the MIMO array. By exciting an element with a hybrid mode in the H-plane coupled MIMO array, a TM10 mode of very low intensity is induced on the adjacent half and a TM01 mode on the rear half of the nearby patch that leads to high isolation. However, in the E-plane coupled MIMO array a quasi-TM01 mode is induced on each half of the nearby patch whose overall field distribution resembles a TM11 mode due to the slot in the patch and the annular vias. Thus, in both configurations, the coupled modes are either orthogonal or exhibit weak field distribution concerning the excited mode. To validate the technique, 2 × 1 MIMO arrays were fabricated and measured. An isolation levels of 38 dB and 40 dB is demonstrated in the E-plane and H-plane configurations, respectively, at 5.8 GHz. The measured cross-polarization level is −50 dB in the broadside direction for the E-plane coupled array in both planes and it is 18 dB/23 dB at ϕ = 0°/ϕ = 90° in the H-plane array. Additionally, a broadside gain of 7.3 dB and 7.1 dB is achieved for a single port in the respective configurations. The proposed technique offers an effective, scalable, and space-efficient solution for high-isolation MIMO antenna systems, making it suitable for advanced wireless communication applications.

The work is to design a 2x2 circular microstrip patch antenna array resonating at 2.4GHz and it is simulated for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications by using HFSS tool. Circular patch antenna array is designed by depositing circular patches on FR-4 Epoxy substrate and is fed using microstrip feed lines. Fabricated antenna resonates at 2.391GHz. Antenna parameters such as Gain, return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Directivity, Reflection coefficient and radiation pattern are analyzed. 2x2 circular microstrip patch antenna produces more gain and less return loss compared to 2x2 rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The compact size and higher directivity compared to rectangular array makes it more relatively useful for WSN applications.

A novel uniplanar compact electromagnetic bandgap (UCEBG) configuration is presented for back-lobe suppression of microstrip patch antenna (MPA) array at 60 GHz. The proposed UCEBG consists of an array of nonuniform circular metallic patches on top surface of the array to reduce the back-lobe level by eliminating undesired surface currents. Hence, by utilizing the investigated UCEBG, the front-to-back ratio (FTBR) and side lobe level (SLL) of the conventional MPA array are improved 20 dB and 5 dB, respectively. To validate the UCEBG configuration design, the proposed MAP array is simulated by the finite element method (FEM) and finite integration technique (FIT).

The aim of this paper is to design the effective shape of a microstrip patch antenna which can provide lower return losses, better gain and performance for X-band (2 GHz to12 GHz), Ku-band (12 GHz to 18 GHz) and K-band (18 GHz to 26 GHz) applications. Attempts have been made to optimize the antenna performance by increasing the number of slots, by using slots in different position in patch and by using array technique. The simulation is performed by using GEMS simulator which is commercially available antenna simulator. The antenna is designed by using Taconic TLY-5 dielectric substrate with permittivity □ r =2.2 and height, h=1.588 mm. Without using array technique we have got the return losses in the range of −20 db to −25 db at the frequencies around 19.5 GHz. The series feed array offers −7.25 db return loss around 11.5 GHz, −17.5 db return loss around 16 GHz and −13db return loss around 21GHz. Therefore, this antenna is suitable for X-band, Ku-band and K- band applications.