Research on Intelligent Vehicle Platoon Driving Experiment System Based on Wireless Communication

Future wireless communication networks tend to be intelligentized to accomplish the missions that cannot be preprogrammed. In the new intelligent communication systems, optimizing the network performance has become a challenge due to the ever-increasing complexity of the network environment. New theories and technologies for intelligent wireless communications have obtained widespread attention, among which deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is an excellent machine learning technology. DRL has great potential in enhancing the intelligence of wireless communication systems while overcoming the above challenge. This paper presents a review on applications of DRL in intelligent wireless communications with focuses on millimeter wave (mmWave), intelligent caching and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) scenarios. We first introduce the concepts and basic principles of single/multi-agent DRL techniques. Then, we review the related works where DRL algorithms are used to address emerging issues in wireless communications. These issues include mmWave communication, intelligent caching, UAV aided communication, and handover/access control in HetNets. Finally, critical challenges and future research directions of applying DRL in intelligent wireless communications are outlined.

The challenges posed by the future wireless communication network, which will be a huge system with more complex structures, diverse functions, and massive communication ends, will be addressed by intelligent wireless communication technologies. These technologies are playing an increasingly important role in network architecture, computing architecture, resource allocation algorithm design, etc., thanks to the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies, particularly the deep learning technologies, and their extensive application in various domains. In this paper, an endogenous intelligent architecture is developed to effectively clarify and understand in-depth the relationship among the factors by constructing wireless knowledge graph for the air interface transmission, the core network, as well as the network environment, and so on. Furthermore, the knowledge graph simultaneously reveals the structure and operation mechanism of the whole wireless communication networks. Cause tracing, intelligent optimization, and performance evaluation are sequentially implemented based on the knowledge graph, thus forming a complete closed-loop for endogenous intelligent wireless communication networks.

The rapid growth of wireless communication systems and devices has increased global energy consumption in wireless communication networks. Therefore, wireless communication technologies are advancing towards the development of fifth-generation wireless communication systems and beyond, i.e., towards the development of sixth-generation wireless communication systems. It is important that the energy efficiency of wireless communication systems considered a significant parameter along with data rate, delay and reliability. Green wireless communication systems aim to reduce the power consumption of wireless communication systems minimize carbon emissions and make wireless communication systems environmentally sustainable. This paper presents a comprehensive review of sustainable wireless communication systems and energy-efficient protocols for green wireless communication systems. This study discusses various architectural strategies such as energy-efficient base stations, heterogeneous and ultra-dense networks, cloud radio access networks, adaptive networks, renewable energy and their role enables wireless networks to modify their behavior according to the nature of the data and availability of resources. Further, the paper discusses the role of sustainable wireless protocols in all layers of wireless communication, where techniques like power control, duty cycle, energy-efficient routing and transport protocols are playing a significant role in removing the unnecessary communication and utilizing resources efficiently. It also discusses enabling technologies that can be utilized in energy-efficient network operation including energy harvesting, cognitive radio, artificial intelligence, edge computing and network virtualization. Moreover, some of the major challenges in energy-efficient wireless communication including decisions, complexity, security, cost, and regulatory issues, are addressed. This study provides an sustainable wireless communication can be achieved based on recent developments and existing research gaps in wireless communication particularly in future 5G and 6G networks.

In the context of the rapid development of wireless communication and information technology, the network has greatly shortened the actual spatial distances around the world. Multimedia technology and wireless communication, as an important branch of information technology, can better connect people and the network, exploding very powerful energy in the field of education. This research analyzes the cultural communication function of wireless communication and multimedia network technology in university teaching, especially English teaching. At this stage, almost all universities in our country are using multimedia technology to assist teaching, and even many teachers believe that multimedia has become a necessary foundation for the in‐depth development of the “teaching‐learning” interaction in colleges and universities in the information age. The demand for English talents in the Chinese labor market is dominated by application‐oriented talents, but the purpose of English teaching in many schools is still in the reality of traditional research‐based teaching. It is concluded that the root of this contradiction lies in the disconnection between the cultivation of talents in universities and the needs of society. The experimental results show that if the advantages of wireless communication and multimedia network technology can be fully utilized, the teaching efficiency of cultural communication in college English teaching can be increased by 22%. This article also analyzes, discusses, and summarizes the methods and approaches of cultural dissemination to enrich academic research results.

In recent years, with the progress of society and the development of the economy, the number of cars in China has been increasing. In wireless communication networks, the choice of wireless nodes has a greater impact on the improvement of system performance (such as channel capacity, coverage area, etc.). The intelligent vehicle target detection system can perceive and recognize the surrounding objects such as pedestrians and vehicles through sensors, which is the basis for realizing the unmanned driving of intelligent vehicles. In a wireless environment where multiple wireless nodes coexist, current research focuses on how long it takes to re-plan the selection of wireless nodes (for mobile environments) and how to allocate and manage wireless nodes, such as where under the conditions of wireless, who will wireless with whom, and in what way (such as auto focus, digital fusion, or other) wireless, etc.; the dedicated centralized controller (such as the base station of the infrastructure-based wireless access network) determines the wireless partner (i.e., centralized type selection), or the wireless node decides by itself (i.e., distributed selection); select the appropriate number of wireless nodes to take into account the system performance gain and implementation complexity. The popularity of automobiles has brought great convenience to people's lives, but it has also brought greater traffic pressure. At present, the amount of domestic automobile traffic has increased exponentially, and urban traffic congestion has become more serious, and even caused serious traffic accidents, directly affecting people's quality of life. The emergence of intelligent transportation systems has effectively alleviated road traffic pressure and reduced the incidence of traffic accidents. As an important part of the intelligent transportation system, the research of intelligent vehicles has received extensive attention. Intelligent vehicles use a variety of sensors installed on the body to sense the environment, and realize intelligent driving functions such as lane line detection, obstacle detection, dynamic cruise control, and unmanned driving, which is conducive to reducing the incidence of traffic accidents and improving the safety of vehicle driving. At present, in the research of target recognition and tracking of intelligent vehicles, the traditional target detection method is mainly based on artificial feature extraction, which is difficult to describe more complex or higher-order image features, and the tracking effect is not good, which limits the target detection. An intelligent vehicle is an intelligent system with functions such as environment perception, planning decision-making, and operation control, and is an important part of the intelligent transportation system. Identify the effect. In response to these problems, we present a study of the target recognition and tracking of intelligent vehicles based on grid map and lidar sensor technology. To verify the proposed method in the actual scene, we identify and track the vehicle ahead on the road through a car equipped with a lidar sensor. The meaning of target detection: target detection, also called target extraction, is an image segmentation based on target geometric and statistical features. The results show that the proposed research method can accurately identify the vehicle in front and detect the moving targets such as pedestrians. The tracking trajectory is also consistent with the expected route. The results show that the laser radar-based vehicle target recognition and tracking in this study is effective. In the 10 frames of images, the average time taken for the recognition of one frame of image is 9.8 ms, while the traditional method is 12.9 ms. Technology can improve reliable road information for intelligent vehicle driving and improve the transportation efficiency and safety performance of intelligent vehicles. There are two main target detection methods for lidar: detection methods based on feature extraction and detection methods based on grid maps.

The interconnection of all things and industrial integration is the current trend of the times. Among them, the interconnection of all things is the demand of informationization of the times, and the industrial integration is the demand of industrial development. The interconnection of all things is realized based on wireless communication technology. It is necessary to combine the development of the tourist area and the surrounding culture. The relationship between tourist attractions and culture needs to be fully and effectively developed. In order to fully explore the advantages of the cooperation between the two, it is necessary to combine modern technology to package the tour process of each characteristic culture of the scenic spot. Virtual reality is a modern technology that can combine culture and tourism. Wireless communication and VR technology are applied to the development of integration of culture and tourism. The process of tourism will promote profound changes in the tourism model. Under the demand for informatization in various industries, the tourism industry is gradually developing in this direction. The integration of culture and tourism will also be driven by informatization and technology. This paper analyzes the current situation of culture and tourism, summarizes the problems existing in the current process of integration of culture and tourism, and finally puts forward targeted solutions. Mainly in the process of the integration and development of tourism and cultural industries, the traditional culture and scenic spots are the basic factors, combined with wireless communication and virtual reality technology, to develop a tourism industry with technological characteristics of the new era.

Artificial intelligence driving technology has become the main direction of technological progress in intelligent vehicles. To address the issue of road recognition and traffic sign recognition response in the field of intelligent vehicle autonomous driving, a vehicle autonomous driving algorithm based on HSV road detection and yolov5 traffic sign recognition is proposed and applied to micro intelligent vehicles. The hardware of the mini smart car is controlled by NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin, and the software method is embedded in the Ubuntu system. The yolov5 neural network is used to solve the classification and location problems of traffic signs. The results of experimental testing prove that micro intelligent vehicles can drive according to regulations on simulated roads and accurately recognize road signs, and can make corresponding actions accurately. The research results provide certain reference value for the application and development of vehicle autonomous driving.

The wireless optical communication is a kind of broadband access technology, it can be said that it properly combined with the optical fiber and wireless communication technology. More to say, it is a powerful supplement of modern optical fiber communication. In this paper, based on the advantages of wireless optical communication technology, this paper introduces the wireless optical communication technology in the application of 2G network, 3G network and extends the application in backbone network, and analyzes the common problems and solutions in the wireless optical communication. With the advance of technology, the wireless optical communications technology development prospects will be more and more broad, is worthy of popularization and application.

Wireless personal communication network is easily affected by intrusion data in the communication process, resulting in the inability to ensure the security of personal information in wireless communication. Therefore, this paper proposes a malicious intrusion data mining algorithm based on legitimate big data in wireless personal communication networks. The clustering algorithm is used to iteratively obtain the central point of malicious intrusion data and determine its expected membership. The noise in malicious intrusion data is denoised by objective function, and the membership degree of communication data is calculated. The change factor of the neighborhood center of gravity of malicious intrusion data in wireless personal communication network is determined, the similarity between the characteristics of malicious intrusion data by using the Markov distance was determined, and the malicious intrusion data mining of wireless personal communication network supported by legal big data was completed. The experimental results show that the accuracy of mining malicious data is high and the mining time is short.

The mobile phone industry has experienced an explosive growth in recent years. The emerging markets such as China, India, and Brazil contribute this growth. In China, the number of mobile subscribers has already surpassed the number of fixed landline phone subscribers. In Korea and Japan, there is an explosion of mobile and wireless services. The United States are joining too and there were 207.9 million subscribers in 2005 (CTIA, 2006). Mobile e-commerce (m-commerce) makes business mobility a reality; mobile users could access the Internet at any time, from anywhere with handheld devices or laptop. A 3G enabled smart phone enables you to access a wide range of services anywhere and anytime. For example, you can send and receive e-mail, make cinema and restaurant reservations and pay for them, check real train time, look at digital maps, download music and games, and also browse the Internet. Mobile and wireless services are ranging from mobile communication networks to wireless local area networks. The service provided by mobile communication systems has achieved huge success as mobile and wireless communication technologies are converging at fast speed. We will study mobile and wireless communication in relation to mobile phones. Hence, m-commerce is defined as electronic commerce carried out in handheld devices such as smart phone through mobile and wireless communication network.

This paper proposed the lightweight QoE driven adaptive invulnerability wireless communication control method, including the wireless communication terminal equipment with invulnerability antenna. According to the quality of wireless network channel quality, the lightweight QoE driven scheme was developed. According to user needs, the quality of the network, survivable ability of wireless communication terminal and wireless communication survivability requirements, we proposed three matching rules by considering the wireless hop number, data size and life cycle. The experiments demonstrated that the proposed scheme can optimize wireless communication terminal equipment and wireless opportunistic communication network construction, guarantee the user experience quality and improve wireless communication network survivability.

In order to improve the effective ability of sports, it is necessary to carry out sports timing training, construct the wireless communication network of sports timing training, and propose a sports timing training method based on wireless communication. A training model of motion timing in wireless communication network based on spatial interval equilibrium regulation and piecewise load distribution is constructed. The wireless communication transmission channel model of motion timing training is constructed, the channel adaptive equilibrium allocation of motion timing training in wireless communication network is carried out by using spatial equilibrium scheduling method, the orthogonal matching signal tracking model of motion timing training is established. Combined with the load block equilibrium allocation method of multiplex motion timing training, the optimal allocation of motion timing training is carried out. the effectiveness of motion timing training information transmission in wireless communication network is characterized by the number of endpoint paths, and the anti-interference ability of communication is improved by combining the interference suppression method of training environment. The simulation results show that the output quality of motion timing training in wireless communication network is high and the bit error rate (BER) is low, which improves the balanced distribution ability of motion timing training load in wireless communication network.

A low temperature thermal energy harvesting system to supply power to wireless sensing modules is introduced. The thermoelectric generator module (TEG) makes use of the temperature gradient between the human body (the heat source) and the ambient to deliver a low voltage output that is up-converted by means of a power management circuit. This regulated power source is able to reliably supply a wireless communication module that transmits the collected temperature, current and voltage measurements.

The use of a wide range of radio stations of various generations in the Armed Forces of the RussianFederation has led to the impossibility of fully taking into account all their features when planningradio communications. For example, it becomes an extremely difficult task to take into account the entirelist of self-detected frequencies by the emissions of their own heterodynes of various radio stations,as well as frequencies prohibited for establishing and conducting radio communications. In this regard,the risks of lack of radio communication or violation of the rules for the use of the radio frequency rangehave increased many times, including in the units of military robotic complexes (RTK VN). The articlenotes that one of the biggest problems in creating a unified digital combat control system, the technicalbasis of which will be a wireless communication network - a radio communication network operating invarious frequency ranges, today is meeting the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)and, in particular, meeting the requirements for the correct use of the radio frequency spectrum.To optimize the process of radio communication planning in the formations of the RTK VN, to increaseits efficiency and effectiveness, the article proposes to create and apply an automated system for monitoringthe assignment of radio frequencies based on a risk-based approach. It is shown that the riskorientedapproach when planning radio communications in the divisions of the RTK VN involves acomparative assessment of the nominal value of the assigned operating frequency with a list of selfdetectedfrequencies of each of the radio stations used, as well as with a list of prohibited frequencies forestablishing radio communications (frequencies for transmitting distress signals, etc.). It is reasonedthat this approach will reduce the risks of lack of radio communication or violation of the rules for usingthe radio frequency range. It will optimize the processes of automated planning of radio communicationsin the formations of the RTK VN and increase the efficiency and effectiveness of automated planningand management of radio communications during combat operations. The article describes thealgorithm of the automated control system for the assignment of radio frequencies. The software implementationof this algorithm involves the creation and storage in the appropriate memory area of libraries(databases) of the main prohibited frequencies defined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.In addition, these libraries (databases) store lists of self-reflected frequencies by the emissions of theirown heterodynes of all types of radio stations used, given in the technical description of each of theradio stations used.

Abstract: The rapid advancement of automation and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has significantly transformed modern retail systems, aiming to enhance customer experience and operational efficiency. Traditional shopping methods in supermarkets and malls often involve manual product scanning and long checkout queues, leading to increased waiting time and customer dissatisfaction. To address these limitations, this paper presents the design and development of an IoT-enabled Smart Shopping Cart system that automates product identification, real-time billing, and payment processes. The proposed system integrates embedded hardware components such as a microcontroller, RFID reader and/or barcode scanner, LCD display, wireless communication module, and optional weight sensor to ensure accurate and secure product handling. Each product is identified using RFID tags or barcodes, and the corresponding information is retrieved from a centralized database. The system dynamically updates the total bill as items are added or removed, allowing users to monitor their expenses in real time. Additionally, the integration of wireless communication technologies such as Wi-Fi enables seamless synchronization with a cloud-based server for inventory management, pricing updates, and transaction recording. To improve system reliability and prevent fraudulent activities, a weight validation mechanism is incorporated,which compares the measured weight of products with predefined values stored in the database. This enhances billing accuracy and reduces the risk of unscanned items. The system also supports optional digital payment integration, enabling customers to complete transactions directly from the cart, thereby eliminating the need for traditional checkout counters. Experimental evaluation of the proposed system demonstrates a significant reduction in billing time compared to conventional methods, along with high accuracy in product identification and transaction processing. The results indicate that the smart cart system can reduce checkout time by more than 50%, improve user convenience, and optimize retail operations. Furthermore, the modular design ensures scalability and adaptability for future enhancements such as artificial intelligence-based recommendations and customer behavior analytics. Overall, the proposed Smart Shopping Cart system offers a cost-effective, efficient, and user-friendly solution for modern retail environments. It not only enhances customer satisfaction by minimizing waiting time but also provides retailers with valuable insights for inventory control and decision-making. The system has strong potential for real-world implementation and can serve as a foundation for next-generation automated retail systems. Keywords: Smart Shopping Cart, Internet of Things (IoT), RFID Technology, Real-Time Billing, Retail Automation