The diffusion of computer-assisted legal research systems

Diffusion of innovation is a process which needed in an effort to adapt to an idea or technology so that a person or group of people can adopt a new subject through the stages set. The purpose of this research is to hope that the process of accepting the attractor based on the "Piknet" sound wave as an innovation can be studied based on the diffusion theory of innovation from Rogers. The method used in this research is a literature review which was carried out for 2 (two) months, in June and July 2021. The object of the writing is to deepen Rogers' theory of the diffusion of innovations that can be used as a basis for determining the stages of the wave-based attractor diffusion process. the sound of "Piknet" to groups of fishing fishermen in Bulak District, Surabaya. Rogers' innovation diffusion theory can be used as the basis for the diffusion process of "Piknet" sound wave-based attractor innovation in Bulak District, Surabaya, using elements and stages of the decision process that are adapted to the conditions of the local community.

Авторами в данной работе затрагивается весьма популярный вопрос диффузии инноваций. Диффузия инноваций является последним этапом инновационного процесса и показателем успешности деятельности предприятий. Изучение диффузии инноваций и применение данного явления в концепции развития инновационных процессов связано с исследованием инновационных характеристик и экономических показателей, которые могли бы улучшить работу предприятий, привести к росту прибыли и расширению охвата рынка. Авторы выявили и систематизировали факторы, влияющие на диффузию инноваций. С их помощью возможно управление процессом диффузии инноваций на конкретном рынке и в определенный период времени. The authors in this paper touch upon a very popular issue of diffusion of innovations. Diffusion of innovations is the last stage of the innovation process and an indicator of the success of enterprises. The study of the diffusion of innovations and the application of this phenomenon in the concept of the development of innovative processes is associated with the study of innovative characteristics and economic indicators that could improve the performance of enterprises, lead to an increase in profits and expand market coverage. The authors identified and systematized the factors influencing the diffusion of innovations. With their help, it is possible to manage the process of diffusion of innovations in a specific market and in a certain period of time.

Research on the diffusion of innovation has postulated three empirical regularities—the S-curve for diffusion in a temporal context, the neighborhood effect for diffusion in a spatial context, and the hierarchy or short circuit effect for diffusion in the context of a central place system. This paper reviews the evidence for each regularity, considers the consistency of each, and presents an explanation for these regularities taken together that appears more useful for future research than previously posited explanations. Our paradigm focuses upon 1) the distinction between innovation diffusion agencies and adopters themselves, 2) the relationship between the marketing surface viewed by diffusion agencies and the resistance surface offered by potential adopters, and 3) the sequence of communication systems associated with different stages of the diffusion process. By focusing upon behavioral aspects of diffusion rather than upon rigidly defined structural aspects, the consistency of each regulari...

The purpose of this paper is to construct a comprehensive framework of research dissemination and utilization that is useful for both health policy and clinical decision-making. The framework illustrates that the process of the adoption of research evidence into health-care decision-making is influenced by a variety of characteristics related to the individual, organization, environment and innovation. The framework also demonstrates the complex inter-relationships among these characteristics as progression through the five stages of innovation namely, knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation and confirmation occurs. Finally, the framework integrates the concepts of research dissemination, evidence-based decision-making and research utilization within the diffusion of innovations theory. During the discussion of each stage of the innovation adoption process, relevant literature from the management field (i.e., diffusion of innovations, organizational management and decision-making) and health-care sector (i.e., research dissemination and utilization and evidence-based practice) is summarized. Studies providing empirical data contributing to the development of the framework were assessed for methodological quality. The process of research dissemination and utilization is complex and determined by numerous intervening variables related to the innovation (research evidence), organization, environment and individual.

Academic conferences, particularly international conference venues, have been suggested as a way to overcome inequality within academic associations. In this study, we assess the national diversity of 18 annual conferences of the International Communication Association (ICA) between 2005 and 2022 and compare the composition of conference contributors to that of ICA members. Our results show that although the overall national diversity of ICA conferences has more than doubled since 2005, and closely mirrors ICA membership, the effective number of contributing countries is still very low. National diversity differs substantially between divisions and depending on the conference venue, with non-US venues exhibiting significantly more national diversity. We discuss measures to evaluate and improve ICA’s national diversity at different levels.

In recent decades, different social innovations – such as lifelong learning, inclusion or Education for Sustainable Development – have had a huge impact on domestic education systems. In an increasingly globalized world, innovations diffuse across national borders. At the same time, diffusion processes seem to be highly influenced by public and private actors, e.g., international organizations (IOs) or non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Both state and non-state actors use social networks and digital communication platforms, such as Twitter, as channels for the diffusion of social innovations and practices. Inclusive education, which has become the main alternative to special schools for the schooling of children with disabilities, is a widely discussed innovation in education and, hence, represents a suitable case for the study of global diffusion processes and the involved actors. Thus, drawing on social network theory (SNT), the aim of this paper is to examine the structure of the Twitter communication network forming around the social innovation of inclusive education. Empirically, we use social network analysis (SNA) to map the communication network; identify central actors; and infer assumptions about the role of different actor groups. Our results show, for instance, that especially NGOs and IOs hold central positions in the network, which enables them to exert influence on the diffusion of innovative ideas. Overall, the findings of our study indicate how the online communication tool Twitter can play a crucial role for actors who seek to influence the global diffusion of social innovations in education and effect education policies, norms and systems at the global, national and regional levels as such.

Open Data is a public information disclosure instrument based on information technology that is a solution for increasing requirement of data and public information. Jakarta Provincial Government is the first province, which has implemented it to improve user data access, as well as efficiency and effectiveness of data supply management. Since it is launched in 2015 until early 2017, only 56 out of 362 organizations in Jakarta Provincial Government are actively adding sets of data into the data portal of such program. This research aims to determine the diffusion process of innovation and the obstacles in the program. It uses qualitative descriptive method to describe the problem and explore the solution in detail. Then the results showed that the process of diffusion of program innovation prioritizes communication channels through interpersonal communication in groups or individuals. The decision-making process of innovation by SKPD/UKPD under Jakarta Provincial Government aims to take an attitude towards innovation can be outlined into several stages, namely knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation and confirmation. Further, the innovation obstacles found are some form of resistance against innovation in the form of habitual adopter factors that are difficult to change in the implementation process and distortion of messages on personal factors in the form of constraints on the use of information technology language that is difficult to understand

Purpose Autonomous vehicle (AV) adoption has both positive and negative impacts on supply chain social sustainability (SCSS). This paper explores and evaluates the actions that organisations take to address the social impacts of adopting AVs and develops a model for SCSS in this context.Design/methodology/approach This study implemented a Delphi study conducted over three iterative rounds to gather and evaluate the actions that organisations take to address social impacts when adopting AVs in supply chains. The panel consisted of 39 experts from industry and academia. The Delphi findings are validated and extended through 14 follow-up expert interviews.Findings Our findings identify eight categories of actions used to address the social impacts of adopting AVs in the supply chain. These are discussed in relation to established SCSS indicator categories and an additional category, “reputation” is introduced. The categories are also aligned to the technology adoption process to understand how social sustainability implications can be mitigated as AV adoption matures.Practical implications Practitioners benefit from prescriptive frameworks which provide actions addressing the social sustainability implications of AV adoption. These can be applied either from a social sustainability indicator or innovation adoption process perspective.Originality/value This study builds on the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory to propose a refined innovation process model for socially sustainable adoption of AVs. This customised model aligns the new action categories with the established stages of the innovation adoption process, uniquely illustrating how to manage the social sustainability impacts of AV adoption as part of the technology adoption process. Identified social supply chain indicator categories are also aligned with the actions for an alternative perspective.

This study examines convergence as both a concept and a process. It examines the current state of convergence, various definitions of convergence, convergence practices, and it identifies Seven Observations of Convergence to be used as a strategy for best practices for organizations to integrate new and old media. Everett Rogers (1995) diffusion of innovations and the five stages of the innovation process in organizations, coupled with innovation management research are theoretical foundations used to examine the infusion of technological changes into business practices in the media industry. The study is based on research conducted during the summer of 2002 that included in‐depth interviews, participation‐observation, and archival documents from three leading corporate media groups and convergence pioneers‐Tribune Company, Media‐General, and Belo Corp at their integrated business units in Chicago, Dallas, and Tampa, Florida. The three organizations were selected for field study because they are convergence pioneers that fell under the grandfather clause of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission 1975 cross‐ownership rule and were allowed to maintain ownership of their television broadcast and newspaper business units in the same market.

The long-standing use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides has created habits and dependency among farmers. Inorganic materials have become commonplace and it seems as if there are no other options to use as farming inputs. Basically, synthetic-based agricultural production materials can damage the environment and potentially harm farmers. Most farmers in the Subak Wengaya Betan Farmers Group have switched from using inorganic materials to organic ones up to now. This should serve as an example of how farmers in Subak Wengaya Betan can adopt organic farming innovations. This research aims to analyze the diffusion process of organic agricultural communication innovations as an effort to mitigate climate change in the Subak Wengaya Betan Farmers Group, Bali Province. The main process in qualitative research was chosen to obtain in-depth results through the data collection stage using interviews, observations, and other documentation to gather detailed information as data collection techniques. The results of this study indicate that effective steps that can be accepted by farmers to transition to organic farming include the development of a social system closely tied to local wisdom, along with the active participation of customary or village officials who possess and earn the trust of the community. Keywords: Diffusion of innovation; communication; mitigation; organic farming; climate change

Property developments are inherently uncertain and risky. As a result, several risk management techniques are adopted by property developers in the Australian property development sector to mitigate the impact of potential downside risks. However, uncertainty can create potential upside opportunities for property developers during the property development process which can be explored through flexibility/real options analysis. Several quantitative models and applications have been executed in the literature on flexibility/real options analysis, but practical adoption is still lacking because practitioners are yet to fully understand the theory and its potential benefits. In this paper, a conceptual model is developed to capture flexibilities/real options and linked to the property development process to determine the exact stages within the property development process where real options could be embedded to retain the potential for capturing future upside benefits from uncertainty. Through face to face semi-structured interviews with twelve different stakeholders in the Australian property development industry, thematic analysis and extensive literature review on real options theory, a conceptual model is developed. There are several flexibilities/real options naturally embedded at different stages of the property development process. Other flexibilities can be embedded in the development process deliberately by property developers with the intention of capitalising on upside opportunities in future. These flexibilities embedded at different stages of the development process has the potential to serve as a risk mitigation tool for property developers in Australian property development sector. The model can serve as a practical tool and a visual aid for property development practitioners and stakeholders to determine the exact stages in the property development process where real options are embedded and the specific types of options. It will also aid in deepening the understanding of practitioners regarding real options in property development and further enhance potential acceptance and adoption in the Australian property industry. The linkage to the property development process can enhance easy identification of flexibilities/real options at different stages of the property development process. A model that links real options to the different stages of the property development process is new in the literature.

Using Citation Analysis Techniques for Computer-Assisted Legal Research in Continental Jurisdictions

Behavioral theory and transportation cycling research: Application of Diffusion of Innovations

Doctoral institutions were ranked (1) globally, and (2) according to selected specialties in communication studies based on a combination of NCA and ICA top convention paper awards from 1994 through 1998. In conjunction with other data on the research productivity of doctoral institutions in communication studies, students, faculty, and administrators are urged to utilize the results of this study to assess the programs of particular doctoral institutions. Not only can the schools listed here be compared to other schools not listed, but those listed can also be compared with each other either globally or in particular specialties.

This paper shows the utility of systems approach by extending the traditional innovation models and incorporating and integrating into them selective critical structural variables to map their interaction and explain the inherent dynamism. Conventionally, the approaches in explaining the innovation diffusion process assume that the process takes place in a stable and homogeneous system in which the innovation diffuses or spreads without being affected by the system’s structural variables even under external influences. However, many studies have established that the presence of symmetry is not the general rule in innovation diffusion process. This work examines these models and recognizes that they need further modification to improve the holistic understanding of the dynamic structural complexities and forces driving the processes of innovation and diffusion. This paper shows the general but extended frameworks of innovation diffusion mainly propounded by Frank M. Bass, E. M. Roger, E. Muller, P. Milling, and Frank H. Maier and proves how the application of system dynamics modeling can contribute in a meaningful way to the area of innovation diffusion research. A proof-of-the-concept analysis has been done by calibrating a diffusion model of Indian foundry sector followed by discussion on simulation results and future direction.