The impact of process mapping on transparency

The article presents a commentary on the paper “Implementing Successful Self-Service Technologies,” by Amy L. Ostrom, Mary Jo Bitner, and Matthew L. Meuter. The author contends that self-service technology must be integrated with an entire organization's business processes and other back-office technologies. He notes that the firms highlighted in the paper were able to inextricably link self-service technologies to their company's strategies, business models, business processes, and cultures. The author says the paper failed to address the critical variables that indicate whether or not self-service technology will be successful.

Digital transformation is forcing companies to rethink their processes to meet current customer needs. Business Process Management (BPM) can provide a means to structure and address this change. However, most BPM approaches face limitations on the number of processes they can optimize at the same time, due to complexity and resource constraints. The article is devoted to data mining as a tool for modeling and improving the company's business processes. Process Mining is a collection of data-driven diagnostic and business process improvement methods that combine machine learning and BPM. Among the advantages of Process Mining is more efficient management decision making. The possibility of introducing Process Mining methods into the work of a telecommunications company for the automatic collection of information about business processes and building a map of business processes is analyzed. The use of Process Mining methods will allow a telecommunications company to optimize the work of its departments and increase customer satisfaction. In addition, the implementation of this system contributes to a better analysis of the results of the execution of business processes for providing access to the Internet. This will improve the regulations for these processes, control of their compliance and the procedure for making managerial decisions at a higher quality level.

PT. Electrical MBS address at the Rukan City Garden Maisonete A 1/5 East Cengkareng, West Jakarta is a PT engaged in the sale of electrical equipment that is being developed in the field of buying and selling daily necessities. The author conducted research based on the company's business processes. Managed business process is ordering, purchasing and sales. Research conducted covering all business processes that originally done manually later on Automated via a web-based application system. The author also help the company to see the reports generated by the existing business processes. Moreover, the author also assist the company in determining the supplier for each item that is using the Decision Support System with Analytical Hierarchy Process method. Aplication made is expected to help the company to run its business and simplify the control of the company in general .

The article systemises methodical instruments for evaluating efficiency of measures of digitalisation of business processes of enterprise. A schematic diagram of a general algorithm for evaluating the effectiveness of measures to digitalise the business process of enterprises has been developed. It is determined that assessing the degree of effectiveness of measures to digitalise the business processes of enterprise will also indirectly create conditions for identifying bottlenecks, based on which the management of enterprise will be able to make operational management decisions to optimise the business process through its digital development. It is substantiated that the assessment of business processes and their digitalisation should lie within the functional responsibilities of a certain entity; for this purpose, it is proposed to establish committees at the enterprise to assess the efficiency and digitalisation of business processes. In addition to formulating proposals for eliminating bottlenecks and directions and methods of digitising the company's business processes, the functional responsibilities of the Business Process Efficiency and Digitalisation Committee include the function of assessing the efficiency of an already digitised business process. For this purpose, the Committee develops analytical tools using established business process evaluation methods adapted to the evaluation of a digitised business process, which may include the PDCA cycle, internal audit of business processes, analysis of key performance indicators, functional and cost analysis, and analysis of stakeholder requirements. Each of the proposed instruments for evaluating the effectiveness of measures to digitalise the enterprise's business processes is adapted. It is summarized that when assessing the efficiency of business processes with a view to determining the need for their digital transformation or assessing the efficiency of a digitised business process, it is advisable for an enterprise to approach this issue in a comprehensive manner, namely, to develop clear policies and procedures by establishing and regulating the activities of the committee for assessing the efficiency of the enterprise's business processes by delegating to it a responsible person from each unit for managing business processes that create value or participate in this process.

Information technology (IT) plays an important role in the development and sustainability of the business and transforms the business that is run. With the support of information technology in the course of an organization's business processes, it is hoped that business goals can be realized properly and appropriately. This series of activities or business processes are monitored and evaluated regularly so that the stages can change to suit the needs of the organization. Andamari Creative is an indie book publisher that is ready to help writers to publish their books. In its development, Andamari has carried out business processes and provided services to writers and other users. For business processes to continue running well, analysis and evaluation are needed to find deficiencies and identify opportunities for improvement. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the business processes and information technology (IT) services provided by the online book publisher Andamari Creative. Data collection techniques by conducting interviews and observations. Furthermore, the analysis is carried out descriptively by analyzing the course of business processes, services, and deficiencies in them. The results of the study indicate that the ongoing business processes and services can be analyzed and some strengths and weaknesses can be found. From these shortcomings, recommendations for improvement are proposed to improve Andamari Creative's business processes and services in the future

This study discuss the event drive process analysis in the retail company. Its purpose to modeling the process in these company as an alternative. The use of information systems has become an obligation for companies to survive before deciding which system to use is important to know the business processes of the company. We use the event driven process analysis to be one alternative that can be used to map the existing business model within the company. The research method consist of three phase analysis, such as modeling the existing business process, doing analysis using EPC, and then create new business process. EPC analysis has been widely used by various companies to map the business processes of the company before using the information system that will become the main program of the company. Mapping of business process on retail companies will cover from the purchase of goods from suppliers to the sale of goods to the customer. The result of this study is event driven modeling process for several business process in retail organization

The article defines the essence of the concept of «business process». The classification of business processes of financial and industrial companies is presented. The components of ensuring effective management of business processes of a financial and industrial company are substantiated. The structure of business processes of domestic organizations includes three main levels – executive, middle (management) and operational. At each of these levels, employees perform specific functions that allow for the smooth operation of short-term and long-term goals and the control of this work. This type of development of business processes of financial and industrial companies is basic and can be expanded by individual resource allocation strategies. It is worth noting that the three-level structure of business processes of a financial and industrial company is universal and can be used in organizations of various profiles due to its simplicity and efficiency. At the same time, there are different types of processes that are used in companies, and their features greatly affect the specifics of the business and the results. The main directions of organizational and economic support for the development of business processes of financial and industrial companies have been identified. The efficiency of business processes development of a financial and industrial company depends on internal factors, among which the most significant are technical and technological equipment, use of modern information technologies, and personnel qualifications. Internal factors in management are of particular importance. It determines the relationship between the company's employees and have a decisive impact on the system of interaction with the external environment in the formation of organizational support. The system of organizational and economic support for the development of business processes is a management method of financial and industrial company, where activities are considered as a combination of interrelated processes directed at creating a goal result (product or service) that has a value for the consumer and generates income for the financial and industrial company. The efficiency is not measured by the quality of performance of individual functions by each of the company's divisions, but by the aggregate result obtained in the course of performing all functions along the entire value chain of financial and industrial company.

Business process modelling is an important part of system design. When designing or redesigning a business process, stakeholders specify, negotiate, and agree on business requirements to be satisfied, including non-functional requirements that concern the quality of the business process. This thesis addresses the question of how to specify and compute the quality of a business process, given the model that stakeholders use. The motivation for this thesis is the increasing importance of the quality of business processes. Knowing the quality of specific business processes enables stakeholders to judge if these processes need improvement. Knowing the quality of the constructs of those processes (viz., events, inputs, activities, and outputs) and the way they are structured enables a more detailed analysis of their shortcomings and provides a basis for the design of improvements. The research challenge of this thesis is grounded in the assumption that: “Organisations need an appropriate means to effectively compute achievement of their goals and objectives by their business processes.” Given this challenge, the main research question on which this thesis focuses is: “Can the quality of a business process be computed quantitatively at different levels of granularity?” The research objective is: “To develop frameworks, factors, and metrics for computing non-functional requirements (quality) of business processes quantitatively at different levels of granularity.” The outcomes of this thesis are: 1) BPIMM, a language-independent business process integrating meta-model, based on the concepts of seven mainstream business process modelling languages: BPMN, EPC, RAD, UML AD, SADT, IDEF0, and IDEF3. 2) BPC-QC (Business Process Concept - Quality Computation), an approach to quality computation at the lowest level of granularity of a business process. The approach consists of: i. BPC-QEF (Business Process Concept - Quality Evaluation Framework), a language-independent generic framework and algorithm to compute the quality of the constructs of a business process: event, input, activity, and output. ii. A set of business process quality dimensions and factors. The following quality dimensions are distinguished: performance, efficiency, reliability, recoverability, permissibility, and availability. Each dimension categorises different quality aspects in terms of factors. A non-exhaustive set of sixteen quantitative factors is provided. iii. Quality metrics for each of the quality factors, to facilitate a quantitative computation of the quality of a specific construct of a business process. 3) BP-QC (Business Process - Quality Computation), an approach to compute the quality at the highest level of granularity of a business process. The approach consists of: i. BP-CQCF (Business Process - Compositional Quality Computation Framework), a language-independent generic framework and algorithm to compute the quality of a business process as a whole, given the quality of its constructs. ii. A set of generic business process modelling patterns to decompose a business process into more succinct parts, namely: sequential, parallel with synchronisation, exclusive, inclusive, simple loop, and complex loop. iii. A set of over one hundred computational formulae. For each combination of modelling pattern and a quality factor, there is a formula to compute the quality. 4) AAV (Approach to Application and Validation), an evaluation plan to evaluate BPIMM, BPC-QC and BP-QC in practice, together with expert stakeholders. The plan consists of the units of measure, a measurement model, and a case study procedure. To evaluate the applicability of the contributions of this thesis to real world business needs, four case studies have been conducted in different environments: a Dutch educational institution, a global financial institution, an international financial service provider, and a Dutch research project on crisis management. Each of these case studies concerns a different, single business process. This thesis shows that: 1) A quality computation approach can be adopted independent of a business process modelling language. 2) Quantitative quality factors can be introduced specifically for the constructs of a business process. 3) Quantitative metrics and computational formulae can be developed for specific quality factors, allowing the computation of different aspects of the quality of a business process quantitatively at different levels of granularity. 4) An evaluation plan can be developed to evaluate the applicability of the contributions of this thesis (viz., BPIMM, BPC-QC, and BP-QC). The contributions of this thesis are designed to be beneficial to the areas of business and management, requirements engineering, software engineering, and business process modelling. In the areas of requirements engineering and software engineering, these contributions are intended to help practitioners to consider non-functional requirements at the earliest stage. In the area of business process modelling, information systems, service computing, and cloud computing, the contributions can be used for quality-driven modelling, design, and redesign. To conclude, knowing the quality value of a business process at different levels of granularity provides a basis for its improvement.

Implementation of IT in the enterprise raises the possibility of various risks arising from threats and disturbances. Companies need to have business continuity planning (BCP), so that the company's business processes can be sustain in normal or critical situations. BCP is a methodology used to create and validate plan to sustain business operations continuously before, during, and after disasters or disturbing events. BCP is an important part of Business Continuity Management (BCM) and is a step that can be taken to reduce the negative impact of business interruptions caused by internal and external. The current condition of the Business Continuity Plan is the lack of understanding of the key elements of the business continuity plan design that leads companies to realize what business continuity plan are or do not know what is needed to make BCP and BCP owned by the company still lack in completeness of the business continuity strategy. Based on the present condition, this research aims to explore the elements of BCP based on business continuity standard that is COBIT 5 Domain: Manage Continuity, ISO 22301: 2012 Business Continuity Management System, ITIL IT Service Continuity Management and related business continuity plan research. The results of the research are BCP has 8 main elements, determining the need of business continuity management, business continuity review, risk analysis, business impact analysis, business continuity strategy, disaster recovery plan, employee training, BCP testing, where the eight elements can be categorized into two are managerial and technical.

‘The Best of Time’ of any organization is achieved through several factors such as connectivity, causality and understanding. These factors are found by successful implementation of strategy through business process. Extending operational excellence to management excellence is the strategic imperative for organizations of all sizes, in every market around the world. The goal is clear; however, in most organizations, the path for getting there is less so. This paper illustrates how business processes are integral to delivering business strategy. It also examines the way organizations can analyse the performance of their existing processes and suggests some ways in which they can look to improve that performance because business competitive edge and success comes from the organisation's ability to continuously improve its operations and processes. It discusses on the Process Renewal Group Business Process Management Framework. In addition, it provides a deeper look into two main phases, such as Understanding the Enterprise and Architect and Alignment of Business processes, which are the fundamental building blocks for the success of modern enterprise. We conclude that alignment of organisation's business processes with strategy and stakeholder expectations is also highly important.

In modern economic conditions, each company seeks to increase the level of competitiveness. In this regard, it is necessary to use modern management tools, including those based on information technology. For effective company management, it is necessary to timely examine its business processes. Effective management measures are selected depending on the completeness of the description and modeling of business processes. This article provides a description of business processes, describes the possible strategy and SWOT analysis on the example of car service activities. It is shown that to analyze the current activities of the company, they use the «goal tree», «problem tree», «strategy tree». The proposed company strategy is aimed at increasing the company's profits. SWOT analysis and analysis of the external environment of the company revealed the strengths and weaknesses to improve future activities. Based on a comprehensive analysis business process models in the «as is» and «to be» notations will be developed that will allow company management to assess the state of the companies business processes before and after their improvement. Such a research is aimed at choosing a strategy for improving or reengineering the company activities.

Product returns are one of the challenges for business people in the manufacturing sector, which occurs because consumers are attracted to the products they produce. In recent years, it has been identified and reported that returns on food products have also increased drastically. This has serious health and economic consequences for both the company and society. Product returns are also a big challenge for a food company PT. XYZ. This company gets a very high number of products, so it suffers a huge loss. Product returns at PT. XYZ because the food products sold exceed the expiration date. A high number of products can affect the business goals of a company. To overcome this problem, the author aims to identify the company's business processes to find out the causes. The method presented here is a hybrid method, that is, composed of three methods, namely Root Cause Analysis (RCA), Lean Thinking methods and Fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno. Identification of the causes of product problems in the business process of PT. XYZ uses RCA and Lean Thinking methods. This study also provides recommendations for new business processes at PT. XYZ using Lean Thinking and Fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno. The results of the business process recommendations were tested at PT. XYZ for 57 days and resulted in a decrease in the number of product returns.

Procurement of goods is a recurring activity in a company's business process. Meanwhile, the traditional goods procurement process is often felt to be less efficient and effective, so it requires a better solution. The traditional procurement process also often takes a long time, has high costs and lacks transparency. This can lead to inefficiencies and risks of abuse. This research aims to develop a more efficient and effective goods procurement application model using SDLC and waterfall methodology. This research uses observation methods to study the current procurement process and interviews to obtain input from stakeholders regarding application needs. The research results show that the goods procurement application model developed can help companies in the goods procurement process more efficiently and effectively. This application model can help companies save time and costs, as well as increase transparency and accountability in the procurement process.

PurposeBenchmarking research has explored the role of organizational practices and business processes rooted with human capabilities for achieving growth performance. The role of high performance work system as an organizational practice and business process is yet to be studied. Even if studied, no study has been conducted on the role of training transfer climate on high performance work system and organizational performance. The current research aims at examining high performance work system on organizational performance. Further, the study also examine training transfer climate as a mediating variable between HPWS and organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachData collected from 415 executives of a high performance-based power sector company of Gujarat, India. The survey instrument consists of high performance work system, training transfer climate and organizational performance. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for a simultaneous assessment of overall and specific elements of measurement validity and reliability. Structural equation modelling used to test the hypothesized model.FindingsThe result proved the capability of high performance work system to predict organizational performance. Further, the result supports the hypothesis that training transfer climate acts as a mediator between high performance work system and organizational performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe result has important theoretical and managerial implications. Theoretically, the research extends the scope of benchmarking to high performance work system. The managerial implications have been discussed from the training transfer climate perspectives.Originality/valueThe originality of the study lies with proving the role of high performance work system and training transfer climate as an organizational practice and business process within benchmarking research.

Wood plays an important role in the production of renewable energy in the EU which is going to grow further in the future. The economics of operations, however, are still critical. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the potential of process improvement measures to increase the performance of biomass to energy supply operations. Article I and II investigated the organizational structure and business process for forest biomass procurement of a German integrated roundwood and energy wood procurement chain by means of business process mapping. The business process was then analyzed and redesigned by the method of business process reengineering. Furthermore, two new business processes were developed which are to be applied in procurement operations only for energy wood. Article III analyzed the raw material allocation process currently in use by supply chains from roadside storage to plant in the Finnish region of North Karelia. It developed an alternative, information-based process using data on the transportation distance, drying models for forecasting the moisture content and data on the volume of the storages. Discreteevent simulation was used to compare current and new processes and to analyze their effects on the economics of operations. Article VI investigated the cost-saving potential of improving data management and information logistics through the application of information and communication technology. Its profitability was analyzed by a cost-benefit analysis. The economic analysis of the business process reengineering showed that the reengineered To-be process can potentially cut costs by up to 39% relative to the currently applied business process. The information-based raw material allocation process could the energy content delivered by the supply chain by up to 9% over the entire year and by up to 29% during the peak period in winter when the fuel demand of the plant is highest. Applying ICT in to investigated cases in Finland showed a net present value of 212 739 € over a time span of ten years at an annual production of 150 000 loose-m in the first case. In the second case the net present value was even 969 841 € which seemed to be very high at an annual production of 37 000 loose m. This thesis demonstrates that process improvement can considerably increase the productivity and cost-efficiency of existing forest biomass supply chains.