The Research and Design of Multi-Source Data Exchange System Based on Middleware Technology

Model View Definition (MVD) is developed as a subset of the IFC schema to define BIM data exchange requirements of the architecture, engineering, construction, and facility management industries. Several domains such as the Precast/Pre-stressed Concrete Industry, the American Concrete Industry (ACI), the American Industry of Steel Construction (AISC), and the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (Brim MVD) have defined or are currently defining model views for formally representing their BIM data exchange requirements and assisting their exchange processes using the neutral data format, IFC. However, even though several domain industries involve the same or similar sets of data exchange requirements for their MVDs, a lack of a proper approach for reusing existing MVDs results in that a data exchange process of new MVD including the same entities, attributes, and relationships of other MVDs contains inconsistent and heterogeneous sets of data exchange requirements. For accelerating the consistent MVD development reusing previous efforts and the interoperable BIM data exchange environment, this paper involves the investigation of existing MVDs and their module-based definition processes to identify the current problems in MVD development regarding reusability and contains the discussion of the promising method for utilizing predefined MVDs for new MVD development.

The increasing popularity of the Web of Data is motivating the need to integrate semantic-web ontologies. Data exchange is one integration approach that aims to populate a target ontology using data that come from one or more source ontologies. Currently, there exist a variety of systems that are suitable to perform data exchange among these ontologies; unfortunately, they have uneven performance, which makes it appealing assessing and ranking them from an empirical point of view. In the bibliography, there exist a number of benchmarks, but they cannot be applied to this context because they are not suitable for testing semantic-web ontologies or they do not focus on data exchange problems. In this paper, we present MostoBM, a benchmark for testing data exchange systems in the context of such ontologies. It provides a catalogue of three real-world and seven synthetic data exchange patterns, which can be instantiated into a variety of scenarios using some parameters. These scenarios help to analyze how the performance of data exchange systems evolves as the exchanging ontologies are scaled in structured and/or data. Finally, we provide an evaluation methodology to compare data exchange systems side by side and to make informed and statistically sound decisions regarding: 1) which data exchange system performs better; and 2) how the performance of a system is influenced by the parameters of our benchmark.

Flexible platform supporting data exchange and sharing between autonomous information systems is very important for today's increasing IT infrastructures, but in the process of data exchange, there's a big obstacle due to the heterogeneity of data. How to protect and make full use of data resources of the existing systems, in other words, how to realize data exchange and sharing among different systems, has become a determining factor in the success of establishing a new system. In order to resolve the problem, a design of general data exchange system for distributed heterogeneous data is proposed in this paper, which focuses on supporting a general solution to describe the mapping relationship of data and transform heterogeneous data automatically. The system has been applied in Data Fusion Project of Xiangtan University.

A model for representing taxonomic descriptive data is presented. The model has been developed in response to the growing requirement for the global exchange of descriptive data. Meaningful exchange of data requires that data be represented in a form that can be consistently parsed and interpreted, requiring a common data model and the constrained and explicitly defined use of descriptive terms. The model presented here is divided into two parts that address both of these issues. A new data model for the representation and storage of taxonomic descriptive data is proposed that builds on and extends the best features of current descriptive data models and formats. An ontology‐based model for defining and constraining the use of descriptive terms is also presented. The model is based on an analysis of current taxonomic working practices and the processes involved in generating a description. The model takes a specimen‐oriented approach allowing descriptive data to be represented through a range of levels of abstraction from actual measurements of structures on a specimen to abstract descriptions of the features expected to be found on a specimen that is a member of a particular taxon. A comparison and discussion of the important aspects of the new model relative to existing models is presented.

In recent years, the development of digital technology has driven the continuous improvement of the digital level of the international logistics industry. Shipping companies, port companies, and freight forwarding companies have all explored digital transformation, and international logistics business has become a trend toward full visibility, online transactions, and smart operations. In this context, the international logistics industry has created demands for convenience, efficiency, green environmental protection, smart flexibility, safety and reliability.At present, my country's Logistics data exchange lacks a unified standard and standardized data exchange platform as a whole. At the same time, there are also some attempts at data exchange, such as the four reports of a transportation vehicle. Through the cooperation and data exchange of the four departments, the operating efficiency of the transportation vehicle carrier has been improved.There are two major optimization directions in the future. One is to improve the quality and efficiency of data exchange through collaboration between all parties in the entire process; the other is to increase the utilization rate of data through the government's disclosure of the data in its hands. There is reason to believe that the future is the era of data. With the development of my country's Internet and information technology, data sharing and exchange will become our development direction and our future economic growth point.

This paper represents a systematic methodology to establish design requirements for the real-time data exchange between the industrial control computer based on Compact PCI and the device controller of heavy ion accelerator. The system core models include, PCI model based on FPGA which achieves PCI configuration and PCI master controller, DSP HPI controller which can transport data from FIFO to SDRAM or vice versa, and PCI device driver on microsoft Windows 7. The paper describes in detail how logic models cooperate with each other. Especially when DMA is executing, signals of FIFO for data exchange are used to control PCI master state machine and HPI state machine. Additionally, an interrupt INTA# is sent to Windows 7 as soon as DAM is finished. For verifying the feasibility of the system, a test application is designed which can non-stop write data to SDRAM by DMA or read data from SDRAM to memory by the same way. Thorough checking of the system shows rigorous conformance to the requirements of heavy ion synchrotron running.

Data exchange is the problem of transforming data structured under a source schema into data structured under a target schema in such a way that all constraints of a schema mapping are satisfied. At the heart of data exchange, lies a basic decision problem, called the existence-of-solutions problem: given a source instance, is there a target instance that satisfies the constraints of the schema mapping at hand? Earlier work showed that for schema mappings specified by embedded implicational dependencies, this problem is solvable in polynomial time, assuming that (1) the schema mapping is kept fixed and (2) the constraints of the schema mapping satisfy a certain structural condition, called weak acyclicity.We investigate the effect of these assumptions on the complexity of the existence-of-solutions problem, and show that each one is indispensable in deriving polynomial-time algorithms for this problem. Specifically, using machinery from universal algebra, we show that if the weak acyclicity assumption is relaxed even in a minimal way, then the existence-of-solutions problem becomes undecidable. We also show that if, in addition to the source instance, the schema mapping is part of the input, then the existence-of-solutions problem becomes EXPTIME-complete. Thus, there is a provable exponential gap between the data complexity and the combined complexity of data exchange. Finally, we study restricted classes of schema mappings and develop a comprehensive picture for the combined complexity of the existence-of-solutions problem for these restrictions. In particular, depending on the restriction considered, the combined complexity of this problem turns out to be either EXPTIME-complete or coNP-complete.

XML data exchange has become ubiquitous in Business to Business (B2B) collaborations. Automating as much as possible the exchange of XML data between enterprise systems is a key requirement for ensuring agile interoperability and scalability in B2B collaborations. The lack of standardized XML canonical models or schemas in B2B data exchange, as well as semantic differences and inconsistencies between conceptual models of those that want to exchange XML data implies that XML data cannot be directly and fully automatically exchanged between B2B systems. We are left with the option of providing techniques and tools to support humans in reconciling the differences and inconsistencies between the data models of the parties involved in a data exchange. In this paper we introduce such a technique and tool for XML data exchange. Our approach is based on a lifting mechanism of XML schemas and instances to an object-oriented model, and the design and execution of data mediation at the object-oriented level. We use F-logic -- an object oriented rule language -- together with its Flora2 engine as the underlying mechanism for providing an abstract, object-oriented model of XML schemas and instances, as well as for specification and execution of the mappings at the model level. This provides us with a fully-fledged tool for design- and run-time data mediation, by focusing at the actual semantic models behind the XML schemas, rather than having to deal with the technicalities of XML in the data mediation process. Finally, we present the architecture of the current data exchange system and report on preliminary evaluation of our system.

Editorial

With the development of Energy Internet technology, the contents of the external information network are more and more abundant. The data of various types of business systems is frequently interactive between intranet and external information network, but it also brings about lots of security risks. Aiming at the existing security problems, this paper presents a secure data exchange model based on proxy middleware, and the proxy middleware for the client and service is designed in detail. The methods for security filtering are mainly by SOAP digital signature, SOAP encryption, authentication, timestamp, sequence number tag, blacklist and white list, access control for methods, access control for time and so on. The aim is to achieve data encryption and data filtering for data exchange system and guarantee effectively the security of the data exchange system.

The realization of the data exchanges between the reverse engineering system and CAD / CAM system is by Graphics Interchange standards, of which the initial graphics exchanges specification IGES is one of the important ways that data exchanges in systems. At first, the paper introduces the structures of the five parts that composes the IGES file. Secondly, it also introduces the meaning of the parameters that the rational B-spline surface in IGES and gives the method to identify and extract IGES surface data in the reverse engineering system. At last, it uses the OpenGL graphics system to show the surface data. Then, the exchanges of the surface data between the systems can realize easily by the method.

The importance of scientific and technical information management in Chinese universities as a resource base for generating innovations and extracting new knowledge is proven. A conceptual model of digital transformation and factors influencing its successful implementation, including: digital management, digital services, and digital innovations, is proposed. Organizational, technical-technological and resource factors are mentioned among the factors influencing digital transformation, the importance of providing administrative, financial, personnel, technical-technological and security support for the digitalization of the communication infrastructure of Chinese universities is emphasized. A system of countermeasures and proposals, including political support and technical training, data exchange and network security, as well as standards and talents cultivation, aimed at improving the level of scientific and technical information management of Chinese universities, and the growth of their research and innovation potential, is justified.

Industry 4.0 is the German vision for the future of manufacturing, where smart factories use information and communication technologies to digitise their processes to achieve improved quality, lower costs, and increased efficiency. It is likely to bring a massive change to the way control systems function today. Future distributed control systems are expected to have an increased connectivity to the Internet, in order to capitalize on new offers and research findings related to digitalization, such as cloud, big data, and machine learning. A key technology in the realization of distributed control systems is middleware, which is usually described as a reusable software layer between operating system and distributed applications. Various middleware technologies have been proposed to facilitate communication in industrial control systems and hide the heterogeneity amongst the subsystems, such as OPC UA, DDS, and RT-CORBA. These technologies can significantly simplify the system design and integration of devices despite their heterogeneity. However, each of these technologies has its own characteristics that may work better for particular applications. Selection of the best middleware for a specific application is a critical issue for system designers. In this paper, we conduct a survey on available standard middleware technologies, including OPC UA, DDS, and RT-CORBA, and show new trends for different industrial domains.

The recent deployment of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) has emerged as the most promising approach to provide an extensive computational capability for processing and controlling physical entities, which relies on reliable data exchanges among machines in CPS. However, for CPS exploiting public network infrastructures, links in CPS may suffer from a variety of vulnerabilities to harm real-time data exchanges. Providing network resilience for real-time communications consequently becomes the most critical requirement in CPS. Considering the support of multiple communication paths in state-of-the-art network infrastructures, in this paper, we develop a mathematical resource-optimal network resilience design for CPS. In our design, duplicates of timing sensitive data are simultaneously forwarded via multiple communication paths. Therefore, timing constraints are violated only if all communication paths fail to forward data to the destination on time. By analyzing the relationship among the probability of timing constraint violation, the time domain resource allocation, and the number of communication paths (the spatial domain resource allocation), our design leads to the minimum resource usage to support real-time data exchanges in CPS. Our mathematical resource-optimal design solves the most challenging issue of unreliable data exchanges in CPS in the most efficient fashion, to consequently support the maximum number of machines in CPS.

Health facilities in developing countries are increasingly adopting Electronic Health Records systems (EHRs) to support healthcare processes. However, only limited studies are available that assess the actual use of the EHRs once adopted in these settings. We assessed the state of the 376 KenyaEMR system (national EHRs) implementations in healthcare facilities offering HIV services in Kenya. The study focused on seven EHRs use indicators. Six of the seven indicators were programmed and packaged into a query script for execution within each KenyaEMR system (KeEMRs) implementation to collect monthly server-log data for each indicator for the period 2012-2019. The indicators included: Staff system use, observations (clinical data volume), data exchange, standardized terminologies, patient identification, and automatic reports. The seventh indicator (EHR variable Completeness) was derived from routine data quality report within the EHRs. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine how individual facility characteristics affected the use of the system. 213 facilities spanning 19 counties participated in the study. The mean number of authorized users who actively used the KeEMRs was 18.1% (SD = 13.1%, p<0.001) across the facilities. On average, the volume of clinical data (observations) captured in the EHRs was 3363 (SD = 4259). Only a few facilities(14.1%) had health data exchange capability. 97.6% of EHRs concept dictionary terms mapped to standardized terminologies such as CIEL. Within the facility EHRs, only 50.5% (SD = 35.4%, p< 0.001) of patients had the nationally-endorsed patient identifier number recorded. Multiple regression analysis indicated the need for improvement on the mode of EHRs use of implementation. The standard EHRs use indicators can effectively measure EHRs use and consequently determine success of the EHRs implementations. The results suggest that most of the EHRs use areas assessed need improvement, especially in relation to active usage of the system and data exchange readiness.