The Research for Knowledge Management System of Virtual Enterprise Based on Multi-agent

Commercial enterprises operate not only in the conditions of military operations on the territory of the country, but also based on the growing need to transition from the traditional trade model to an electronic one due to the gradual increase in the share of the digital economy in Ukraine as well. The specified circumstances require a review of the principles of security activities in order to preserve business and create favorable conditions for the implementation of digital transformation in the conditions of each trade enterprise in accordance with the actual conditions of operation. Restructuring of security activities must begin with the formation or improvement of the appropriate management system. The purpose of the study was to clarify the essence of the concept of "security management system of a trading enterprise" as a basis for creating safe conditions for transformational changes in the activities of Ukrainian trading enterprises. In order to form the theoretical foundations of building a system of managing the security activities of a trading enterprise, the following methods were applied: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization – in the study of the essential characteristics of the terms "system" and "management system"; synthesis and analysis – for positioning the security activity management system within the enterprise management system; morphological analysis – to clarify the content of the main components of the security activity management system of a trading enterprise; graphic – for visual representation of theoretical and methodical material; abstract-logical – for theoretical generalizations and research conclusions. In order to create an appropriate theoretical framework, key approaches to the basic concepts, i.e. "system" and "management system", are defined. The author's interpretation of the term "security management system of a trading enterprise" is formulated, under which it is proposed to understand the organizational complex that forms the necessary and constantly updated, taking into account the change in the internal environment and the external security situation, the basis for exercising managerial influence, thanks to coordination with external security subjects in relation to security objects and subjects of the external environment, in order to fulfill the assigned tasks within the scope of security activities. The results obtained within the scope of the conducted research deepen the understanding of the security activity management system of the trading enterprise and fully take into account the specifics of their functioning and development trends.

Введение. Происходящие трансформационные процессы в оборонно-промышленном комплексе (ОПК) российской экономики при проведении диверсификации для обеспечения внутреннего рынка высокотехнологичной продукцией двойного и гражданского назначения, направленные на импортозамещение и преодоление неготивного воздействия санкционного режима, выявили необходимость преобразований в системе управления на предприятиях ОПК, без которых не решить поставленных стратегических задач. Это делает с позиции практического использования актуальной задачу исследования трансформации систем управления предприятиями ОПК в процессе диверсификации. Методология исследования. В статье на базе подхода сценарного планирования осуществлена попытка осмысления причинно-следственных связей в процессе диверсификации предприятий ОПК, позволяющих совершенствовать систему управления предприятием с учётом состояния внутренней и внешней среды. Интерпретация результатов исследования. Предложена концептуальная модель трансформации систем управления диверсифицируемых предприятий ОПК. Представлена авторская трактовка понятия «система управления предприятиями ОПК в условиях диверсификации». Ввёден термин «трансформация систем управления предприятиями ОПК в условиях диверсификации». Выводы. Предлагаемая концептуальная модель трансформации систем управления может быть основой для дальнейшего выбора инструментов, методик и подходов, позволяющих актуализировать систему управления предприятием с учётом состояния внутренней и внешней среды предприятия. Introduction. The transformation processes that are under way in the Russian military-industrial complex (MIC) during its diversification geared to providing the domestic market with high-tech dual-use and civilian goods are aimed at the achievement of full-fledged import substitution and overcoming the challenges of the sanctions regime. These processes have revealed the need to implement transformations in the management system of defence industry enterprises, without which the assigned strategic objectives cannot be attained. From a practical perspective, it gives greater relevance to the task of studying the transformation of enterprise management systems in the defence industry in the process of its diversification. Research methodology Based on the scenario planning approach the article attempts to elucidate the cause-and-effect relationships in the process of defence enterprise diversification, which allows improving an enterprise management system taking into account the state of internal and external environments. Interpretation of research results. A conceptual model of the transformation of management systems at defence enterprises undergoing diversification has been proposed. The authors’ interpretation of the concept of "management system of defence industry enterprises in the context of diversification" has been set forth. The concept of "transformation of management systems of defence industry enterprises in the context of diversification" has been introduced. Conclusion. The proposed conceptual model of the transformation of management systems can be the basis for further selection of tools, techniques and approaches that allow updating the management system of an enterprise taking into consideration the state of its internal and external environments.

Introduction. Environmental issues are of great concern almost all over the world and must be addressed at the national and, in some cases, international levels. The prior task is to create, implement, and apply modern approaches and tools because their prevention is more effective than dealing with their negative consequences. Effective environmental management is one of such tools. It provides additional benefits for private and state sector enterprises. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the environmental management system importance for environmental safety since it is an integral component of it. Results. The necessary condition for the country's stable economic development is the ecologization of the production process, which involves reducing the amount of the natural resources use environmentally friendly technologies in production and transportation that would minimize the environmental risks and negative impacts on the environment. The purpose of environmental management is to administer the enterprise activities in such a way that does not cause much harm or damage to the environment and does not drive the humanity to environmental catastrophe. The ecological management does not abrogate or replace the existing state administrative environmental management but only complements it, being an independent initiative of the enterprise. The introduction of environmental management system in enterprises not only increases the enterprise competitiveness in the European, American, and CIS markets but also allows enterprise functioning in accordance with the international law, which eliminates the cost of the fines for environmental damage. The ecological management role is very significant. It is the prevention and a well-timed solution of any urgent environmental problem. Conclusions. The basic principle of environmental management is the liability of any managerial decision for environmental effects. Thus, the implementation of ISO 14001 is necessary for production, processing, agricultural, and transport enterprises. The ISO 14001 certificate confirms that the environmental management system in the enterprise is relevant and complies with the standard and legislation.

The anti-crisis management system should provide the company with a high level of stability in a crisis situation. Significant changes in the external environment of food industry enterprises require the development of new methodological approaches that allow taking into account the stage of the life cycle when developing an anticrisis strategy of an enterprise. The purpose of the study is to develop an effective methodological approach to improving the anti-crisis management system of food industry enterprises, which takes into account the phase of the enterprise’s life cycle and the type of crisis that causes the need to use anti-crisis measures. The research methods are: comparative analysis, benchmarking, matrix method. The result of the study is an approved methodological approach to improving the anti-crisis management system of food industry enterprises. The authors conclude that an effective methodological approach to improving the crisis management system can be built on the basis of a matrix of crisis management mechanisms.

Purpose. The aim of the article is to identify the key features of the implementation of digital solutions in the business process management system of modern enterprises. Methodology of research. The following research methods were used to achieve the set goal: methods of system analysis (to analyse problems during the planning of the implementation of digital solutions in the business process management system of modern enterprises); methods of scientific abstraction, deduction and induction (for formulating a scientific hypothesis of work, laws and principles), analysis and synthesis – to analyse the state of development of the business process management system of modern enterprises; abstract and logical (for making theoretical generalizations, substantiating research methodology, formulating conclusions). The tabular method clearly reflects the current state of the investigated problem. Findings. It has been established that the transition to a digital economy is based on technologies that define the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which consists of digitization and includes the saturation of the physical world with electronic and digital devices. The study also found that the process of digital transformation of business processes consists of elements such as customer interaction, operational business processes and enterprise models. It is determined that the implementation of digital solutions in each of these parts of the model opens up new opportunities for the development of enterprises. It is substantiated that the introduction of digital solutions in the management of business processes of enterprises has a positive impact on efficiency, flexibility and adaptability to changes in the external environment. It is noted that in order to maintain competitiveness, it is important not only to implement technology, but also to change the corporate culture and adapt employees to new tools. The study also highlights the most common digital solutions that are often implemented by modern enterprises: artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, Internet of Things and cloud computing, which provide transparency, security and integration in business process management. Originality. A modern systematic overview of the most common digital solutions used to manage business processes at the enterprise has been further developed. Practical value. The results of the study can be useful for business managers and business process management specialists, as they provide a clear idea of the advantages and peculiarities of using digital solutions in the practice of enterprises. Key words: artificial intelligence, blockchain, big data, cloud technologies, fourth industrial revolution, digitalization.

At present, knowledge has become an important capital for many organizations in the international competition. So knowledge management is gradually becoming the core competence and key of sustainable development for organizations. Many enterprises have already used concepts and methods of knowledge management for operation and achieved remarkable results. Based on the analysis of knowledge management system, a framework model for enterprise knowledge management is presented in this paper. For an enterprise, it is necessary to build this knowledge management system to share knowledge resources, provide scientific supports for decision-making, face fiercely competitive market, and so on. Therefore, the construction of knowledge management system plays an important role in enhancing enterprise's core competence. Finally, paper introduces the directions of its development simply.

The object of this research is the enterprise management system with its subsystems. In the course of the research the methods of logical generalization and analysis were used in the study of literary sources on the subject of the research. And also methods of comparative analysis – at research of components of the enterprise and grouping management system – at selection of homogeneous groups on the basis of division of the management system into subsystems and at association of investigated subsystems into private collections on essential for them features. Tabular means were also used at displaying various approaches to consideration of variants of structural elements of enterprise management system.In the article the variants of interpretation of the essence of the concept «control system of enterprise» and approaches of different authors to the definition of the components of this system are considered. The selection of information about the list of enterprise management system components from publicly available scientific and electronic sources was carried out. As a result of indication of the main factors, conditions and risks, in which the enterprises function, it is recommended to include the following interrelated subsystems into the enterprise management system: planning; informational; operating; marketing; logistic; commercial; financial; social; innovative; investment; risk-management; controlling. It is also noted that the proposed list of subsystems will ensure the competitiveness of the enterprise in a complex and constantly changing economic environment. In addition, it is recommended to take into account changes in the role and weight of each subsystem in the overall management system of the enterprise depending on changes in external and internal environment factors, strategic goals of the enterprise, the level of use of modern technology, various risks and the like. Special attention is paid to the subsystem of risk management, in particular: the description of risks at three levels of management is carried out, the main tasks of risk management and directions of work with risk management are specified. Creation and use of the given subsystem will allow to increase efficiency of enterprise management system and will promote more rational use of own resources, qualitative control of expenses, minimization of risks connected with acceptance of administrative decisions.

As a result of the critical analysis of existing models of risk management, it should be noted that the effectiveness of risk management does not always depend exclusively on specific methods of responding to them. The decisive factor is the quality of management decisions, which should not only reduce the risk to an acceptable level, but also guarantee the achievement of the organization's goals. Risk management is closely related to both the events that occur in complex systems and the response to them by the enterprise, which is a complex multi-element system. This determines the need to use an integrated approach to risk management, which expands the methodological foundations of modern risk management. Thus, risk management at enterprises should be aimed both at identifying the causes of various risks and at using all opportunities to ensure optimal development of the enterprise in conditions of economic uncertainty. Also, based on the results of a critical analysis of existing risk management models, the article develops practical recommendations that can be used to guide the formation of a risk management system. Further scientific research should be directed to the development of an organizational and economic risk management mechanism at the enterprise, considering modern challenges and threats.

The paper focuses on the discussion and analysis of the application of ERP human resource management system in enterprises, clarifying the concept and operation mechanism of human resource management, and then analyzes the problems and application directions of the application of the system in enterprises. Design and implement a set based on CUDA A parallel analysis framework for large-scale HR web log data. The efficiency of a single node in processing log data analysis is compared with that of traditional CPU serial analysis. The research trend is the research on human resource management in the context of big data; the research frontier is the intensity of human resource management, strategic human resource management, and organizational identity.

The article presents the results of research on the importance of managing the energy transition in various economic sectors. The barriers and benefits of implementing a knowledge management and environmental management system in enterprises were considered. These factors are necessary for the effective planning and proper functioning of enterprises. Knowledge becomes the main and most dynamic factor responsible for the development of a given company, while environmental management ensures it achieves high economic efficiency of production and environmental rules and regulations. The article presents the results of the functioning of knowledge-based enterprises in contemporary conditions characterized by constant changes in the environment in terms of energy transformation. As part of my research, an algorithm was built based on which essential elements of the Polish energy policy strategy were defined enterprises in various sectors of the economy. In the holistic approach, a model of the functioning of knowledge-based enterprises was built and tested. On its basis, a prosumer/customer business model was proposed on the example of a photovoltaic installation. The study was conducted using the methods of economic measurement models. These methods allowed us to calculate the market value of the investment with the assumed boundary criteria and to determine its effectiveness. The research was carried out in 2020–2022 on the example of a real photovoltaic installation. The use of a photovoltaic installation in a company based on a business model is justified in practice and allows the company to reduce the electricity costs incurred, in this case by about 60%. Taking into account the result for the calculated payback period of 3 years, this proves that such an investment is very profitable for the company. The developed business model showed that the project of its implementation is fully economically justified and will allow investors to create various economic areas as part of the ongoing energy transformation.

The article discusses the architecture of the formation of indicators, criteria, measures and risk assessment scales necessary in risk management systems based on the fundamental axioms of management theory and the principles of risk theory to build a risk management structure. As the most effective modeling method, it is proposed to use a hybrid one using the advantages of both formal and informal methods and models in building an adaptive risk management system in enterprises on a bottomup basis. To remove the emerging contradictions of indicative risk indicators, it is proposed to use a multicriteria method of structuring characteristics in evaluation models according to different criteria of objective functions – minimizing time or costs, maximizing sales revenue or profit, which determines the risk of an unmissed opportunity. The structure of the hybrid adaptive model suggests a radical scheme for changing managerial behavior, which consists in the transition from conventional regulation from above to direct regulation of risk factors at the points of their manifestation.

The article proposes that the most important measure to ensure the efficiency of sustainable land use of the land resource management mechanism in the management system of agrarian enterprises is to determine the transition to the principles of adaptive landscape farming, which is a system of forming land relations that provide for the rationalization and harmonization of the interaction of natural components of the landscape and the activities of agrarian enterprises in the conditions of modern agri-industrial production. It is emphasized that in connection with this, the methodology for the formation of land relations should integrate natural and landscape criteria, consisting in the adaptation of agricultural activity to the natural conditions of the territory involved in agrarian production, and the ecological-economic aspects, the contentual essence of which is the timely implementation preventive measures that restore soil and resource potential and improve the quality of agrarian ecosystems. The transformation of land relations according to the principles of adaptive landscape organization of territories means, first of all, the optimal ratio of agricultural lands. The ecological and economic purpose of agrilandscapes is to constantly increase the share of areas that stabilize the natural environment, or, in other words, forest plantations, pastures, hay-fields, while simultaneously reducing the share of ecologically degraded arable land. The efficiency of the land resource management process in the management system of agrarian enterprises depends on the mutual compliance of the internal and external conditions of the functioning of agri-industrial production. The external conditions of operation should include the factors that determine the process of formation of land resources (climate, relief, soil and plant cover, regulatory and legal support for land use, tax policy, etc.). The internal conditions of the operation of the land use mechanism include the management system of an agrarian enterprise, organizational form of enterprises, methods of technological influence, machines and mechanisms, management process, etc.

The article examines the role of personnel in the development of the quality management system of machine-building enterprises in Ukraine in the context of martial law and the worsening personnel crisis. It is argued that the quality management system is a comprehensive management technology aimed not only at controlling product quality, but also at ensuring the effectiveness of production and economic activities and the sustainable development of enterprises. Scientific approaches to interpreting the essence of the quality management system are summarized, which made it possible to highlight its systemic, integrated, and process-oriented nature, as well as to determine the key importance of the human factor in its functioning. The basic principles of the quality management system have been analyzed, and it has been established that the principle of staff involvement plays a decisive role in the practical implementation of other principles, in particular customer focus, process and system approaches, continuous improvement, and fact-based management decisions. The dynamics of staffing and labor productivity at Ukrainian machine-building enterprises in 2021–2024 were studied, revealing a steady trend toward staff reductions and a simultaneous increase in output per employee due to the intensification of labor, automation of production processes, and increased requirements for professional competence of employees. Key problems of staffing in machine-building enterprises during the period of martial law have been identified, including the outflow of qualified personnel, decreased motivation, increased occupational safety risks, and limited opportunities for professional development. It is argued that under such conditions, the effectiveness of the quality management system largely depends on the level of staff involvement, the development of their competencies, and the formation of a culture of responsibility for quality. A mechanism for integrating employees into the quality management system of machine-building enterprises is proposed, aimed at activating staff participation in process improvement, combining motivational tools with quality indicators, and ensuring the sustainability of enterprises in crisis conditions.

The modern development period features, as well as the specific conditions of functioning and development of industrial enterprises require more advanced approaches to the managers’ leadership qualities analysis. Currently, the issue of assessing leadership qualities and the influence of leadership on the performance indicators of the enterprise remains relevant. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the methodological sequence of leadership assessment in the personnel management system of industrial enterprises, contributing to their effective operation. The development and implementation of such a methodological approach at an industrial enterprise will provide answers to topical issues of the formation and influence of leadership on the innovative, technological, and socio-economic development of an industrial enterprise. Based on the analysis, the article examines the relevance and shortcomings of existing methods for assessing leadership in industrial enterprises. The authors determine the indicators of leadership assessment and reveal the features of leadership assessment; substantiate methodological sequence of leadership assessment in the personnel management system of industrial enterprises. The authors conclude that the leadership formation and its use should be assessed. In the process of forming a methodology for assessing leadership, it is important to evaluate its impact on achieving the main innovative, technological, and socio-economic guidelines of the enterprise.

The structure of the management system of a public transport enterprise is determined by the services of different functional load. Such a structure includes operational and technical and economic blocks. They can function effectively only on the basis of fast and correct managerial decisions concerning the structure of the management system of a public transport enterprise. The relevance of making thoughtful and well-grounded management decisions is dictated by the requirements to take into consideration many both macro- and microeconomic factors. In this regard, the introduction of modern management methods makes it possible to implement the principle «What to do in order to ...». The article is devoted to the mathematical modeling of the processes of a public transport enterprise to support management decisions in the field of effective enterprise planning. Such tasks can be implemented only with a systematic approach to the economic activity of a public transport enterprise and modeling both individual subsystems and the development of the enterprise system as a whole. The solution of the problems posed is proposed on the basis of the group arguments consideration method.