Time Perception: A Case Study of a Developing Nation

The authors analyze years of experience in psychological counseling for individuals in early and middle adulthood. It has been revealed that, under contemporary conditions, this demographic is characterized by changes in sociocultural levels, economic positions, and value orientations. There has been a sharp increase in requests for psychological assistance related to panic attacks, difficulties in forming families, postpartum depression, challenges in establishing social communication across all spheres of life, manifestations of male infantilism, and the blurring of boundaries in intimate relationships. A decline in cognitive functions, loss of the ability to perceive new information, and difficulty acquiring new skills have also been observed. Clients face significant challenges in altering negative behavioral stereotypes that hinder their daily functioning. Both women and men note, during the counseling process, the materialization and grounding of desires, the loss of focus on shared family values, and an ease toward divorce. The authors conclude that dissatisfaction with life, disruptions in social communication, reduced activity in one's own life, and diminished significance of «the other» lead individuals in early and middle adulthood to demotivation regarding the creation of long-term and strong relationships. This also results in an inability to forecast the further development of their own lives and maladaptation when addressing emerging social problems. These processes may contribute to potential difficulties in accepting one's own aging, inability to adapt to transformations across many spheres of personal life, and significant problems during future old age.

Because of the dynamism and rapid pace of social reality transformations, an individual should effectively manage his/her own time, which is a prerequisite for his/her success in various spheres of life. Therefore, the phenomenon of procrastination, that is, irrational postponement of important matters, which is a cause of many negative consequences, is increasingly in the focus of scholars. Trying to find the determinants of procrastination development, scientists focus on relationships of this concept with different individual human properties. Scientists often indicate the specificity of an individual’s time perspective as one of the important characteristics that may predispose his/her dilatory behaviour. Therefore, the article purpose is to empirically study the relationship of features of an individual's time perspective with his/her propensity for procrastination. The following methods were used as methods of investigation: the technique of procrastination diagnostics proposed by O. Zhuravlova and O. Zhuravlov; P. Steel’s Pure Procrastination Scale; F. Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. The sample consisted of 347 people from 18 to 47 year old. Among them, 20.7 % were men and 79.3 % were women. The most pronounced was the relationship between the general level of procrastination and the future temporal orientation (r = -0.389, p <0.01). This correlation was negative, which meant that the growth of one indicators was proportional to the decrease of the other. The results of the empirical study indicated decreased expressiveness of the respondents’ future perspective (r = -0.389, p <0.01) with stronger negative past orientation (r = 0.264, p <0.01). This suggests that dilatory behaviour is based on traumatic experiences in situations when an individual's activities were evaluated. O. Sennyk’ idea is interesting in the outlined context, according to which, in the case of an individual’s fixation on his/her own negative past experience, he/she develops a fatalistic orientation to the present. This hypothesis is confirmed by the results of empirical research, indicating a direct correlation (r = 0.273, p <0.01) between the scales of general procrastination and the present fatalistic attitude. A close correlation was found out between the present hedonistic time perspective and the integral index of procrastination formation (r = 0.268, p <0.01). The implemented regression analysis showed that the predictors of procrastination were orientation to the negative past (at p <0.05, β = 0.18), orientation to the hedonistic present (at p <0.05, β = 0.15) and temporal orientation to the future (at p <0.05, β = 0.38). Thus, referring to the outlined patterns, we can say that the features of an individual’s temporal perspective are important for predicting an individual’s inclination to procrastination.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;A need for a more environmentally concerned society features prominently in academic discussion, popular media, and popular consciousness. However, individuals continue to consume as they always have, with little predicted immediate change. A well-established conversation in the literature highlights the difference between consumer intentions and consumer behaviour with respect to purchasing sustainable goods.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; This thesis examines the academic understanding of what internal motivators may factor in an individual's decision to purchase a 'sustainable' good. Image congruence, self-construal, temporal orientation, and temporal discounting are examined in the context of purchasing sustainable goods. The conceptual basis for this research takes the perspective that whilst individuals and society may perceive the purchase of sustainable goods and pro-environmental behaviour as a positive behaviour, individuals may choose to postpone this behaviour, or defer to their own self-interest compared to the interests of the society. Furthermore, there is a cost to sustainable consumption, either monetary or in product effectiveness. Thus, consciously, or unconsciously consumers are responding to a product trade-off. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This research contributes to the academy's understanding of how image congruence, self-construal, temporal orientation, and temporal discounting interact with each other and the interaction between these variables and sustainable goods purchases. To the best of the author's knowledge investigating the three theoretical threads in combination, has not before been accomplished. Image congruence and self-construal offer insights into an individual’s social value orientation. Temporal orientation and temporal discounting can explain how individuals consider actions in the context of the present and future. The inclusion of temporal orientation examines an individual's view of time and decision-making as a consequence of this context. Therefore, image congruence, self-construal, temporal orientation are three powerful internal motivators of behaviour, and their interaction is expected to help explain consumer decision making with respect to the purchase of sustainable goods. Combined, these three factors help to address the consumer trade-off described before. To better understand the nature of sustainable goods purchase intention the effect of age, gender, and parenthood were explored and tested.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This research used a quantitative methodology; a survey distributed to an online survey panel was used to validate and test the conceptual model. The quantitative methodology chosen allows for the collection of a broad range of views from a broad range of participants. Image congruence, self-construal, and temporal orientation were tested using existing scales. Multiple contributions have been made using this approach, including the adaptation of temporal-discounting activity-based scenario to online panel data collection. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;An activity to understand how individuals perceive time was designed and an initial test performed. This activity contributes to an understanding of three commonly used term; present, near-future, and far-future. Scale refinement was undertaken to measure the study constructs better using online data collection while temporal discounting was measured using an online activity, rather than an existing scale. A challenge faced was in the construction of an activity, readily understood by survey panel members. Existing scales measuring image congruence, self-construal, and temporal orientation also measured information not necessary to this research and so were further refined. Development of a calculation style question was also tested. This question asked participants to make a choice relative to a baseline choice, for example, 'receive $0, plus $30', rather than, 'receive $30'. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;An understanding of how different age groups and family structures consider the future is offered, as well as how these individuals see themselves in relation to society. This understanding offers insight into the divide between attitude and behaviour. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Image congruence and interdependent self-construal were found to be significant predictors of purchase intention. Differing effects were found in the presented model when participants had high or low interdependent self-construal, high or low independent self-construal, high or low income, were younger or older, and whether they were parents. When asked to categorise time, the majority of participants defined the boundary between present, and near future as occurring between 14 and 30 days, and the boundary between near future and far future was considered to occur between six months and twelve months.&lt;/p&gt;

Background. The current problem of modern science and philosophy is the formation of national identity, considering the transformation of the value system in the context of deglobalization. An attempt has been made to identify the factors determining the future position of Russia in the emerging multipolar world. Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the work of foreign and Russian authors devoted to the issues of globalization and deglobali-zation; information society; mediatization and networking; national identity; value orientations and life strategies. The use of the systematic, as well as a structural and functional approach enables comprehensively examining the problem of the formation of national identity with regard to the value transformations, taking into account the interconnection and interdependence of factors influencing the change in the structure of values of the Russians, including young people. In addition, the interdisciplinary approach allows including, along with philosophical concepts and categories, concepts of economics, political science, cultural studies, etc. Results. The author finds that deglobalization is a megatrend today that testifies to the changes in global development. Despite the differences in approaches to assessing the process of deglobalization, it is obvious that nowadays the processes of disintegration have affected almost all spheres of life. There is a fundamental shift in the global community towards a decentralized economic model that allows all countries to focus on their own interests and values. A mood of deep doubt has arisen in the social space regarding the flawlessness of the prospects for globalization. The threats and risks that lead to a deterioration of the position of the country in the global space are identified; the existing disadvantages that prevent the consolidation of various groups of the Russian population are outlined. The external factors that determine possible advantages and strengths, which may create favorable conditions for the formation of national identity, are determined. Conclusions. The analysis of historical, philosophical, scientific, theoretical and methodological sources shows the improvement of the social, economic and political climate in Russia. Favorable prerequisites for the formation of national identity as a condition of national security have developed in the public consciousness. Further promotion of Russian national interests in the international arena and awareness of national identity is a demonstration of the modern trend of deglobalization and therefore, despite fears and concerns of an isolationist nature, all this will contribute to strengthening national and societal security, as well as the successful development of the country, which coincides with the expectations of almost all segments of the population.

Background. The issue of youth socialization does not lose its relevance in connection with the complexity of conditions and changes in many spheres of life in Ukrainian society. Military aggression once again proved the responsibility of socialization agents for the transfer of socio-cultural values and norms to young people, in particular, in the process of their civil socialization. It is important that they express the dominant interests and goals of our society. Purpose: to show the importance of a clear delineation of the identification space in society for the formation of a growing individual as a full member of this society. Methods: comparative analysis, generalization method, sociological data interpretation method. Results: Our observations, results of analysis, data of sociological surveys testify to the presence of civil-national consolidation. The unity of society is understood not only as unity around a common goal, but also around common values. Therefore, it is extremely important to preserve it in the future. For this purpose, the authorities have taken certain steps, in particular in the legislative field, in order to achieve national unity and consolidation of society. Conclusion. We are observing the process of clearer delineation of the identification space in Ukraine. The unity of Ukrainian society around common ideas and values allows us to put forward more defined and desirable requirements for significant characteristics in the formation of the younger generation as members of society. Keywords: identity, socialization, value orientations, values, consolidation

We are witnessing the rapid development of digital technologies that are reformatting all social life. Many modern experts are trying to predict the consequences of the digitalization of society, the increasing use of artificial intelligence in the economy, science, social sphere, in military practice and in geopolitics. We should be no less interested in the spiritual consequences of the changes taking place. It is the spiritual dimension of man that has at all times constituted the most significant part of the subject area of philosophy. The article presents an analysis of the possible transformation of the spiritual and moral life of a person forming a digital society. Society, being a complexly organized dissipative system, periodically goes through a bifurcation state, undergoing qualitative changes. The spiritual sphere, although interconnected with other spheres of life, is not strictly determined by the latter. With all the diversity of individual spiritual and moral interpretations of the meaning of human existence and the uniqueness of human existence, in the history of mankind there are spiritual value complexes that can be conditionally reduced to several main types, each of which has the potential to become a regulator of human behavior within the society of digital civilization on a local or global level. In this sense, the future of humanity is not clearly determined by advances in the field of digital technology and artificial intelligence, since the spiritual dimension of digital society can be different, and this will determine a person’s attitude towards himself, his inner circle of people around him, humanity as a whole and Nature. Possessing unprecedented technical power, a person can cause the death of all life on the planet, but is also capable of creating conditions for the harmonious development of society, opening up new opportunities for the spiritual growth of man in his co-evolution with Nature. The future of humanity is definitely not predetermined. And this future depends not only on scientific and technological progress, but also on which system of spiritual and moral values will become dominant in society in the coming decades. There is no clear trajectory of changes in the spiritual and moral sphere in connection with the digitalization of various spheres of society and the introduction of artificial intelligence technology into social practice. Using the terminology of synergetics, we note that each specific society, undergoing a digital transformation, finds itself in a bifurcation state, when passing through which it is possible to reach one of the possible attractors. Accident associated with the subjective factor, the activities of individuals and groups, can now be of decisive importance for the spiritual and moral appearance of future humanity, in which social systems different in their spiritual and value orientations may be locally represented. We used a scenario approach to show possible options for transforming a person’s spiritual and moral life during the transition to a digital society. Turning to the philosophical subjects of the past, we carried out a retrospective analysis, based on the fact that in philosophical knowledge there is an irresistible component that can be extrapolated to the present and future of society. The synergetic methodology allowed us to consider the current state of society as a bifurcation and to see possible future scenarios as probable attractors that society can reach as a result of the qualitative changes currently taking place in it. We also used general scientific methods: abstraction, comparison, description and explanation.

This study addresses the pressing issue of psychological well-being among internally displaced persons (IDPs). The armed aggression of the Russian Federation started massive migration of people in 2022. A large social group was created in the Rivne region, which has certain socio-psychological characteristics. Due to instability in the spheres of life, representatives of this group have changes in social and psychological mood, value orientations, which slows down their integration into the community. A relevant direction of psychological research is the study of the hardiness of the personality of internally displaced persons, in which the problems of a person's quality of life, satisfaction with himself, his work and family, and his mental health occupy an important place. The hypothesis posits that individuals' initial experiences at the onset of war significantly impacted their capacity to adapt to subsequent changes. While prior research has explored this topic, the process of resilience restoration and development among internally displaced persons (IDPs) remains understudied. The findings of this theoretical investigation may inform the creation of targeted psycho-correctional interventions designed to enhance resilience in IDP populations. The objective was to determine the socio-psychological characteristics of hardiness levels and their correlation with social frustration in this population. Sixty internally displaced persons participated in the empirical study. Data was collected using instruments designed to assess hardiness levels and its components (commitment, control, and challenge), as well as the level of social frustration. The sample exhibited hardiness scores that were somewhat lower than the normative mean, and the control index fell below the expected range, even when accounting for variability. Analysis of social frustration revealed that 3.3% of participants reported high levels of dissatisfaction, 16.7% had an indeterminate level, 40% reported low levels, and 30% indicated very low levels. A negative correlation was found between hardiness level and social frustration (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of r = -0.571, with a significance level of p≤0.05) supporting the hypothesis that higher levels of hardiness are associated with lower levels of social frustration. The results highlight the need to develop and implement psychological programs aimed at enhancing the hardiness of IDPs, thereby facilitating their successful adaptation to new living conditions

The study is devoted to the theoretical generalization of ethnic characteristics of the populationinfluence of on the of life. Quality of life is a complex, multidimensional that combines objective living conditions with the subjective perception of living standards. The dynamism and complexity of the quality of life phenomenon requires adherence to the principles of multilateralism and taking into account the specificity of the object of study in assessing. Therefore, the article proves the needof researching the of life in the ethnic dimension. The article examines scientific studies that confirms the dependence of of life on ethnicity-related characteristics of the population. The that regulates the set of characteristics of an ethnos is ethnic identity. Ethnic identity components (behavior, ideal, ethnic self-identification, sense of belonging, pride and affirmation, knowledge of history and traditions, value orientations such as individualism or collectivism, etc.) are considered in the article as possible channels of influence on of life. Thus, the components of ethnic identity can influence both the level of importance of certain spheres of life and the desire to increase that level. At the same time, there is a perception of an ethnic group in another part of society that is often associated with biased attitudes and ethnic stereotypes. They are threatening phenomena and can serve as a basis for justifying discrimination on ethnic (racial, cultural) grounds. These scientific findings indicate a statistically significant impact of certain vision channels on of life. Studies of behavioral channels that shape the socio-economic status of an ethnic group gave mixed results. Accordingly, it is argued that the socio-economic behavior of particular ethnic groups is conditioned by a specific combination of ethnic identity components. This specificity is often associated with ethnic minorities, high levels of isolation of ethnic groups, discrimination (racial, ethnic) and other conditions under which the values of the group can have a significant impact on the life of its members.

Цель. В статье ставится вопрос о месте психологического туризма в системе восстановления личностной идентичности и разрешения внутриличностных конфликтов.Метод и методология. Рассматриваются психологические подходы, способные раскрыть методологию психологического туризма как средства психотерапии личностных рассогласований по аксиологическим и этнокультурным основаниям.Результаты. Приводятся результаты пилотажного исследования возможностей применения психологических диагностических методик при подборе психологической туристской практики в условиях имеющихся этнофункциональных рассогласований и внутренних конфликтов личности, связанных с ее ценностными ориентациями.Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты открывают новые возможности для стратегии и тактики психотерапевтической работы в психологическом туризме. В частности, методика диагностики внутренних конфликтов «Уровень соотношения ценности и доступности в различных жизненных сферах» Е.Б. Фанталовой и методика диагностики степени этнофункциональной согласованности субьекта «Выраженность эмоционального отношения к группам этнических признаков» А.В. Сухарева, имеют существенный практический потенциал для реализации программ психологического туризма.

The impact of digital technologies on society, the environment, and individuals has been examined. It has been demonstrated that the processes of digitalization serve as a medium for human development and influence the transformation of social relations; advancement of digital technologies has enabled the alteration of social relations in the realms of ecology, economics, politics, and the management of social and natural resources. It has been established that the issues of the information society began to interest society and scientists since the 60s of the 20th century, especially when the results of digital technologies development massively entered the human ontology, becoming a part of it. Such a flurry of digitization of social life and technologies determined the period of society’s development and raised questions of anthropology, in particular, what a person of the information age should be and how he/she should be characterized. Scientific principles and methods were used to elucidate these and other questions, to scientifically substantiate worldview ideas: concreteness, integrity, historicism, rationality, comparison, and constructive criticism. In their totality and interaction, they contributed to high-quality research and the formation of scientific conclusions: the formation of Homo digitalis is due to the processes of digitalization, which are the basis of such concepts as the global village, the state in a smartphone, etc. It is noted that in the conditions of digitalization, not only the person changes, but also the traditional system of social relationships undergoes changes, the perception of the world, space, value orientations, etc. change. In fact, a new world is being created that will meet the interests of digital man. Identity becomes more complicated, becoming unstable and short-lived. The perspective of introducing modern technologies into all spheres of human life has been evaluated. It has been proven that the digitalization of the modern world in real practical life allows achieving a balance between the three factors of civilizational progress: social, economic and ecological.

The study of theoretical and applied aspects of understanding the concept “legal orientation” in legal science is relevant, of practical interest and requires scientific consideration. Globalization generates radical changes that can lead to both further evolution of humanity and adverse consequences. The search for joint survival and development programs depends on the legal culture that determines the legal orientations of social actors. The purpose of this paper was to figure out the theoretical and applied aspects of understanding the concept “legal orientation” in legal science. This study is based on an interdisciplinary approach and considers the knowledge of various sciences about human behaviour. General scientific and special scientific methods of cognition of social phenomena and processes were used to conduct the study. Among general scientific methods, methods of logical-semantic and terminological analysis, anthropological, system-structural, causal-functional, data analysis, praxeological, and content analysis were used. Experimental methods of observation, conversations, surveys, and questionnaires were used to obtain empirical data. The presented results of the theoretical and applied study of the concept “legal orientation” in legal science allowed figuring out at least four meanings of its use, showed its inextricable connection with the concept “value orientations” – a dynamic system that regulates social behaviour and human activity, and therefore requires constant diagnostics. Based on the diagnosis of the value orientations of the student youth of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, methodical recommendations were developed to form the system of value orientations of a young individual who obtains higher education, which will be consonant with the system of value orientations of Ukraine. The results of this study will be useful for researchers investigating the axiological and praxeological components of human activity in various spheres of social life; for state and public institutions related to the implementation of strategies for the development of civil society and the rule of law, for teachers and lecturers in the education and upbringing of future citizens of Ukraine, as well as for all stakeholders.

The war in Ukraine caused large-scale migration waves of refugees from the war to Europe and North America, led to the emergence of new socio-economic problems, an even greater decline in the economy, general crisis phenomena in all spheres of social life, threats and challenges to the national security of the state. This process led to profound changes not only in the Ukrainian community, but also in all European countries and on the global political map of the world as a whole. It is mostly irreversible. Therefore, the study of all these phenomena and processes is an important scientific task.A large part of the research is aimed at studying the migration process and other problems related to war refugees, refugees, and forced migrants, their protection and value orientations, current and future intentions towards Ukraine, behavior and intergroup and interpersonal relations in the countries of their stay. The article proposes an analysis of the practice of researching the problem in the framework of the Jean Monnet Center project on the EU Erazmus+ program, some of their results are presented.

In terms of globalization and informational civilization development, the transformation of previously established value ideas takes place and a new hierarchy of values is built. Currently, in the face of global changes, personal self-determination and revival of moral foundations in all spheres of life become of a key importance for a person. Therefore, the study of cultural values is becoming the core of research in this sphere for modern scientists. The leading approaches are philosophical and cultural, which allow to reveal the features of the dominant cultural values in the conditions of society informatization. In modern culture, tolerance becomes one of the value dominants, since it involves openness, respect, and appreciation of other cultures. It was revealed that in the conditions of society informatization, dialogue is important because it promotes cultural and information exchange, the formation of a united cultural space. The purpose of the article is to identify the value dominants in modern culture, study their transformation under the influence of information technology to determine the place of cultural values in the socio-cultural activities of a modern person. The research results are focused on a deep scientific analysis of cultural processes in the context of the information society. The materials of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities and in the implementation of programs related to the problems of moral and cultural education of youth

Ss classified on the basis of the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values as either aesthetic, theoretical, or economic in value orientation rated for their creativity 48 behavior episodes classified on the basis of their reference to science, art, or business. A 3 × 3 analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that both main effects and the interaction term were significant. These data were interpreted as indicating that persons are more likely to judge behaviors creative if they are congruent with their dominant value orientation. The relevance of these data for the criterion problem in research on creativity is briefly noted.

Introduction. The problematics of subjective well-being is determined by a modern individual’s search for success and happiness, and also the goals of a practicing psychologist’s professional activity. The paper presents a brief overview of modern approaches to studying values in psychology and philosophy. From the viewpoint of V. S. Stepin’s post-nonclassical type of scientific rationality, values influence not only an individual, society, and culture, but also knowledge itself. A. Längle’s existential approach defines the feeling of value as something that is vital for an individual. S. Schwartz’s theory of basic values presents values as a circular motivational continuum. According to S. Schwartz, the structural system of values and value orientations is many-sided, multidimensional, and heterogeneous; this system consists of multiple classification models and types.&#x0D; The study introduces the modelled correlation constellations that reflect the association between value orientations and parameters of subjective well-being. The novelty of the research lies in finding and concretizing differences in value orientations in students with high and low levels of subjective wellbeing.&#x0D; Methods. The study involved 193 respondents. The study employed the contrasting groups method. Schwartz’s theory of basic values became the basis for the empirical study.&#x0D; Results. This study (a) investigated the association among value orientations, meanings, and meaningful spheres of life and (b) analyzed correlation constellations of significant associations of values in groups of students with high and low levels of subjective well-being.&#x0D; Discussion. The differences in the association between values and meanings in the groups of individuals with different levels of subjective well-being are interpreted. Significant positive associations are more numerous in the group of individuals with a high level of subjective well-being. This testifies to a higher level of the consistency of value and meaning sphere, the ability to systematize life plans and scenarios.