Titanium Dioxide Coated Graphite Anode Materials with Fast Charging Capability for Lithium-Ion Battery

Lithium metal batteries are widely considered to be a next-generation battery technology due to their high energy density, fast charging capability, and potential to power a wide range of applications, from portable electronics to electric vehicles.Compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries, which use graphite as the anode material, lithium metal batteries have the potential to offer significantly higher energy density. This is because lithium metal has a much higher theoretical capacity than graphite, meaning it can store more energy per unit weight or volume. As a result, lithium metal batteries could potentially offer longer run times and smaller form factors than lithium-ion batteries, which are already widely used in consumer electronics and electric vehicles.In addition to their high energy density, lithium metal batteries also offer fast charging capabilities. This is because the lithium metal anode can be charged more quickly than the graphite anode used in conventional lithium-ion batteries. This could enable faster charging times for electric vehicles and other applications, reducing the time required for recharging and improving their overall usability.However, one of the major challenges with lithium metal batteries is dendrite growth, which can occur when lithium metal ions deposit unevenly on the surface of the anode during charging. These dendrites are needle-like structures that can penetrate the separator and cause short-circuits, leading to reduced battery performance and safety issues. As a result, much of the research on lithium metal batteries has focused on developing strategies to prevent dendrite growth, such as using coatings or electrolytes with additives that can stabilize the lithium metal anode.Despite these challenges, lithium metal batteries continue to be a promising next-generation battery technology. Researchers are working on improving their energy density, charging speed, and safety, and they are exploring a range of applications, from portable electronics to electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage. If these challenges can be overcome, lithium metal batteries could revolutionize the energy storage industry and enable a wide range of new and exciting applications.To address this issue, we have explored the use of various coatings on the lithium metal anode to prevent dendrite growth. In this study, ordered mesoporous silica with different pore sizes and pore structures, such as SBA-15 and KIT-6, were used as coatings between the lithium metal anode and separator.SBA-15 and KIT-6 are two types of mesoporous silica materials that are widely used in various applications due to their unique properties. The synthesis of these materials involves the use of templates to control the pore size and structure.They are synthesized using a combination of a surfactant(pluronic P123 or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide;CTAB) as the template and tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS) as the silica source. The synthesis involves mixing a solution of surfactant and TEOS in acidic conditions, followed by aging and calcination steps. The resulting materials have a highly ordered hexagonal pore structure(SBA-15) and body-centered cubic pore structure(KIT-6) with a pore size ranging from 5 to 20 nm.By coating the surface of the lithium metal with a uniform pore structure material such as ordered mesoporous silica, dendrite growth can be suppressed and lithium deposition can occur more uniformly.The uniform pore structure material acts as a physical barrier to lithium ion diffusion and helps to control the deposition of lithium ions onto the surface of the lithium metal. When lithium ions are deposited onto the surface of the lithium metal, they can form a layer of lithium that can grow and become thick over time. If the lithium layer is too thick, it can become unstable and form dendrites. However, the uniform pore structure material can help to limit the thickness of the lithium layer and promote the deposition of lithium ions in a more uniform manner, thus reducing the likelihood of dendrite formation.Additionally, the uniform pore structure material can help to reduce the concentration of lithium ions at the surface of the lithium metal, which is another factor that can contribute to dendrite growth. By limiting the concentration of lithium ions at the surface, the uniform pore structure material can help to prevent the formation of high-concentration regions that can promote dendrite growth.Overall, the mechanism by which a uniform pore structure material can suppress dendrite growth involves controlling the deposition of lithium ions onto the surface of the lithium metal, limiting the thickness of the lithium layer, and reducing the concentration of lithium ions at the surface. These factors help to promote more uniform lithium deposition and prevent the formation of dendrites, leading to improved battery performance and safety.

Tuning the electrochemical performance of Cr2B2 MBene anodes for Li and Na-ion batteries through F and Cl-functionalization: A DFT and AIMD study

Scalable synthesis of carbon-encapsulated nano-Si on graphite anode material with high cyclic stability for lithium-ion batteries

Fast charging technology for electric vehicles (EVs), which promises rapid charging times similar to refueling conventional vehicles, holds promise but encounters hurdles due to kinetic issues within lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). These issues include both kinetic and thermodynamic challenges within batteries, resulting in restricted utilization of active materials, Li plating, excessive heat generation, and accelerated capacity degradation.1 Efforts to tackle issues associated with fast charging have predominantly concentrated on modifying the Li salts in the electrolyte or the structure and surface/interface of the anode materials.However, compared to the electrolyte or anode materials, the importance of the cathode in relation to fast charging has not been significantly highlighted. Because properties such as the energy density, thermal stability, and rate performance of LIBs are largely determined by the cathode material, 2 understanding the characteristics of the cathode under high-current-density conditions is essential to comprehensively understand fast charging.In this study, the mechanism responsible for the loss of fast charging capability of Ni-rich cathodes during prolonged cycling is examined via a comparative analysis of Ni-rich cathodes exhibiting different microstructures. The results demonstrate that microcracks and subsequent cathode degradation notably compromise the fast charging capability over extended cycling periods. Formation of thick rocksalt impurity phases throughout the particles due to electrolyte infiltration via microcracks leads to limited kinetics of Li+ ions, resulting in electrochemically inactive regions under high-current conditions, hence leading to the loss of fast charging capability. Therefore, preventing microcrack formation by microstructural modification is imperative to ensure stability in fast charging capability. These findings underscore the need to comprehensively understand the degradation of the cathode during extended cycling, particularly from the perspective of the kinetic loss of utilizable Li+ ions at high currents, rather than just the loss of capacity. Reference s : [1] Y. Liu, Y. Zhu, Y. Cui, Nat. Energy, 2019, 4, 540.[2] H.-J. Noh, S. Youn, C. S. Yoon, Y.-K. Sun, J. Power Sources, 2013, 233, 121.

Achieving high-energy and high-power density Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with fast charging capabilities is critical to advancing electric vehicle (EV) and portable electronic technologies. Long-range, fast charge EVs and more compact portable electronics require significant advances in battery performance, lifetime, and cost. Conventional LIBs are composed of flat anode and cathode electrode stacks that can be optimized for energy or power, but not both concurrently. This is due to ion transport limitations that persist with increases in electrode thickness. Several research efforts have focused on optimizing LIB performance through material innovations with lithium metal and silicon anodes or new cathode materials, to name a few. Structured Electrode (SE) designs1 have been investigated over the last couple of decades as an alternate solution to address these challenges. SEs engineer electrode materials into different three-dimensional (3D) architectures on a scale ranging from tens to hundreds of microns to facilitate rapid ion-transport in thicker electrodes. While a promising concept, reliable and scalable manufacturing methods for fabricating SEs over the large and complex areas needed for EV and portable electronic applications remains limited.This talk covers manufacturing approaches investigated by our research group to fabricate SEs rapidly and efficiently. Both computational design and experimental approaches are employed to facilitate the development of new hardware, software, and processing techniques for SEs. Specifically, we highlight Additive Manufacturing (AM) tools for portable electronic applications and the use of acoustophoresis for manufacturing EV SEs. First, we have developed new computational fabrication tools2 and material formulations to push the bounds of AM for SE fabrication. Through this work, we investigate the impact of electrode design and fabrication on the rate capability and charge performance of Li4Ti5O12 and LiFePO4 cells. Next, taking AM towards larger area fabrication, we have combined acoustophoresis with AM principles to facilitate large-area printing and patterning of SEs for LIBs.3 Acoustophoresis utilizes acoustic standing wavesto drive particles into predefined patterns, with micron-scale control at time scales < 1 second. Our initial results with LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 and graphite have defined process conditions that enable acoustophoretic fabrication of SEs with improved rate capability over conventional, flat LIB electrodes. Our work highlights the material and processing considerations that must be given when developing new manufacturing processes for SEs. References C.-H. Hung, P. Huynh, K. Teo, and C.L. Cobb, “Are Three-dimensional Batteries Beneficial? Analyzing Historical Data to Elucidate Performance Advantages,” ACS Energy Letters, 8 (1), pp. 296–305, 2023.F. Fossdal, V. Nguyen, R. Heldal, C.L. Cobb, and N. Peek, “Vespidae: A Programming Framework for Developing Digital Fabrication Workflows,” In Proc. of 2023 Designing Interactive Systems Conference, ACM, New York, NY, USA.K.E. Johnson, D.S. Melchert, E.N. Armstrong, Daniel S. Gianola, C.L. Cobb, M.R. Begley, “A Simple, Validated Approach for Design of Two-dimensional Periodic Particle Patterns via Acoustophoresis,” Materials & Design, Vol. 232, 112165, 2023. Acknowledgements This material is based upon work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office (AMMTO) Award Numbers DE-EE0009112 and DE-EE0010226. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government.This work was funded in part by a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Young Faculty Award and Director's Fellowship under grant number D19AP00038. The views, opinions, and findings expressed in this work are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. This is approved for public release and distribution is unlimited.

Currently, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are the main power source for electric vehicles (EVs) because of their high energy density, excellent rate performance, and long cycle life. However, even EVs that are powered by state-of-the-art LIBs are unable to meet the driving range offered by internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), which is typically 600–800 km.1 The properties of LIBs are strongly related to the nature of positive electrodes (cathodes), and thus, the selection of appropriate cathodes is of paramount importance. Currently, Ni-rich layered LiMO2 (M = Ni, Co, Mn, and/or Al) compounds are considered ideal cathode materials for EV batteries because their high capacity enables EVs to achieve high mileage per charge. Although Ni-rich layered cathodes are advantageous in terms of energy density and material cost, in general, they have considerably decreased cycling lifetimes with inferior thermal stabilities, which hinder their commercialization. The inherent structural instability of Ni-enriched layered oxide cathodes, particularly in the deeply charged state, leads to a build-up of mechanical strain.2 The strain build-up causes the nucleation and propagation of microcracks, which enable electrolyte infiltration and accelerate structural deterioration, which has plagued attempts to stabilize the cycling performance of Ni-rich layered cathodes.3 In this study, we demonstrate that limiting the primary particle size of the cathode resolves the capacity fading problem as nano-sized primary particles effectively relieve the high internal strain associated with the phase transition near charge end and fracture-toughen the cathode. Particle size refinement, achieved by inhibiting the grain growth during lithiation through the introduction of a high-valence dopant, imparts the necessary mechanical toughness to counter the high internal strain associated with the phase transition near charge end. The Li[Ni0.95Co0.04Mn0.01]O2 cathode, whose microstructure is engineered to mitigate the mechanical instability of Ni-rich layered cathodes, represents a next-generation, high energy-density cathode with a long cycle life and fast charging capability. Reference s : [1] K. B. Naceur, Tracking Clean Energy Progress (International Energy Agency, 2016).[2] H.-H. Ryu, K.-J. Park, C. S. Yoon and Y.-K. Sun, Chem. Mater. 30 (2018) 1155–1163.[3] G. W. Nam, N.-Y. Park, K.-J. Park, J. Yang, J. Liu, C. S. Yoon, Y.-K. Sun, ACS Energy Lett. 4 (2019) 2995–3001.

&lt;p&gt;Modern society is making numerous efforts to reduce reliance on carbon-based energy systems. A notable solution in this transition is the adoption of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as potent energy sources, owing to their high energy and power densities. Driven by growing environmental challenges, the application scope of LIBs has expanded from their initial prevalence in portable electronic devices to include electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). Accordingly, LIBs must exhibit long-lasting cyclability and high energy storage capacities to facilitate prolonged device usage, thereby offering a potential alternative to conventional sources like fossil fuels. Enhancing the durability of LIBs hinges on a comprehensive understanding of the reasons behind their performance decline. Therefore, comprehending the degradation mechanism, which includes detrimental chemical and mechanical phenomena in the components of LIBs, is an essential step in resolving cycle life issues. The LIB systems presently being commercialized and developed predominantly employ graphite anode and layered oxide cathode materials. A significant portion of the degradation process in LIB systems takes place during the electrochemical reactions involving these electrodes. In this review, we explore and organize the aging mechanisms of LIBs, especially those with graphite anodes and layered oxide cathodes.&lt;/p&gt;

Advanced mesoporous and MXene-based enhanced negative electrode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries - A review

Rechargeable Lithium ion batteries (LIBs), as a great promise power source for next generation electric vehicles such as electric vehicles (EVs). Demands for batteries with higher energy density, better cycle performance, lower cost and more safety are increasing. Graphite is mostly used as anode material for the commercial Lithium ion batteries with the theoretical specific capacity 372 mAh g-1 only. However, in order to overcome the lower capacity problem, many alternatives as anode materials are concerned including metals or metal sulfides. Recently, tin-based materials (e.g. Sn, SnO2, SnS) have been widely studied as anode materials because they have relatively high theoretical capacities, less toxic and low cost. In particular, tin sulfides has such as high theoretical capacity 782 mAhg1.However, the great volume expansion and the agglomeration of particles for the tin sulfides during the charge/discharge process could possibly result in pulverization of the electrode and thus to lead to rapid decrease in capacity and poor cycle life. Graphene or reduced graphene oxide (RGO), as one of the highly potential materials in lithium-ion batteries, is also used to be decorated with metal oxides or metal sulfides due to their high specific surface area, excellent electronic conductivity and porous structure. Therefore, an improved electrochemical performance can be achieved. More recently. Lots works have demonstrated that the incorporation of graphene within tin sulfide-graphene nanocomposites can provide a large area contact for tin sulfide particles and inhibit the volume change of tin sulfides, thus enhancing the electrochemical performance of tin sulfide-graphene nanocomposites. Thus, in this work, SnS/RGO nanocomposites was synthesized via a facile microwave-assisted method. The physical and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge tests and electrochemical impedance analysis. Indeed, the SnS nanoparticles were successfully decorated on the surface of RGO, and the resultant SnS/RGO nanocomposite demonstrated an improved electrochemical performance because the incorporation of RGO provided a large area contact for SnS nanoparticles and inhibited the volume change of SnS during charge/discharge process.

The depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels and environmental issues force us to explore substitutes for fossil fuels, such as solar energy, hydroelectricity, thermal enegy, wind power etc., which are the potential global energy sources in the future. However, most of the renewable energy are typically periodic or intermittent and need to equip with appropriate electrical energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Novel and advanced anode and cathode materials are the key technologies for high performance LIBs, so various electrode materials with high energy density have been extensively investigated. Cobaltosic oxide (Co3O4), commonly used as the anode materials for LIBs, has attracted extensive interest due to its high theoretical specific capacity (890 mAh•g), high tap density and stable chemical properties. However, its practical use is hindered because of the large volume change during repeated lithium uptake and removal reactions, low electronic conductivity, rapid capacity fading upon extended cycling and poor rate capability. To overcome these problems, it is an effective way to prepare nanometer-sized materials with nano-/micrometer-sized structures, which can buffer huge volume changes during the lithium insertion/extraction process and offer extra space for the lithium storage. Up to now, various morphologies of Co3O4 have been synthesized, such as nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, nanosheets, nanoplatelets, nanocubes, hierarchical nanoflowers and some other more complex structures. Another method is to composite with other materials such as carbon or graphene, which has large surface area, open porous structure, great flexibility, chemical stability, high electrical conductivity and the ability to facilitate electron transport within the active sites and effectively alleviate the strain from the volume expansion. In this paper, the recent advances of Co3O4 and its composites as anode materials of LIBs are reviewed. The researches are classified by the characteristics and morphologies of materials. Their advantages and disadvantages are summarized and the possible reaction mechanisms are explained. In addition, it is also discussed how to improve the electrochemical performance of Co3O4.

Silicon (Si) and Tin (Sn) are promising materials for anodes in lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and abundance of Si on earth. Si can be derived from rice husk which is the main agricultural byproduct in Thailand. However, the challenge of using these materials in lithium-ion batteries is the large volume expansion during charge-discharge process which leads to pulverization of electrodes. The effective solution is to combine these metals as composite with carbon supporter. Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NrGO) has been used as carbon supporter in this research because of its high surface area, electrical conductivity and rate of electron transfer. To confirm phases of products, X-rays diffraction techniques (XRD) was measured. The results show that there were peaks of Si, Sn and carbon in XRD patterns. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to illustrate the morphology of prepared composites. From SEM and TEM results, there were small-sized particles of Si and Sn dispersed randomly on NrGO sheets. Furthermore, electrochemical properties of these products were measured to confirm their efficiency as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries by coin cell assembly. The prepared composite can deliver the highest initial capacity of 1600 mA h g-1 and expected to use as anode materials in the next generation lithium-ion batteries.

Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in current numerous devices include laptops, smartphones, medical devices, and electric vehicles. The high specific energy with low maintenance and limited self-discharge characteristics of lithium-ion batteries changed the way of communications and transportations during the last few decades. The current commercial anode material for lithium-ion batteries is graphite because of its well-defined layered structure and good cycling stability with a specific capacity of 372 mAh g-1. But the energy density of graphite is limited and will not likely satisfy the increasing market demand on high capacity batteries. Therefore, it is essential to develop and investigate alternative anode materials.Currently, there is growing interest in using other group IV elements such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn) due to their high theoretical capacity. However, the intrinsic volume changes during (de)lithiation processes lead to mechanical pulverization and unstable solid electrolyte interface of the active materials, resulting in delamination and capacity fading issues. To address these problems, fundamental understandings related to the chemical and microstructural evolutions of high capacity anode materials are necessary and beneficial.This dissertation is mainly focused on the chemical and morphological evolutions of Ge, Sn, and gallium liquid metal-based anode materials by using synchrotron-based characterizations including transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and computed nanotomography (NanoCT). The main objective is to investigate the morphological and chemical evolutions of the active materials. The impacts caused by particle size and shape variations and the interactions between different particles on the same electrode has been examined and interpreted by employing tin as the anode. Composites containing a high capacity anode and stress accommodating phase is a promising approach to withstand massive strain in the high capacity anode materials. The effect of selenium doping into germanium anode and the formation of the in-situ formed stress accommodation phase have been studied to explain the good cycling and rate capability of selenium-doped germanium comparing to the germanium anode itself. Pulverization and delamination are a major concern which limits the implementation of high capacity anode materials. Combining a liquid metal anode with a solid electrolyte provides a potential strategy to solve cracking problems due to its self-healing ability at room temperature. Cracks formed due to volume expansion can be recovered by the fluidity ofthe liquid metal and the performance of the gallium tin alloy typed anode has been presented. Although the battery system involves a complex structure including electrodes, membrane, electrolyte, etc. The complicated architecture limits the understanding of the material itself. Therefore, it is in need to investigate the active material stand along without interferences caused by other factors. A novel designed single particle schematic has been implemented and interpreted herein which provides insights into the dynamic compositional and morphological characteristics of the selenium-doped germanium anodes under the operational condition that helps understand the outstanding reversibility and cycling performance.

A comparative study of lithium and sodium storage in CeVO3

Although batteries have been successfully employed in light-duty vehicles (hybrid and fully electric cars), batteries still find it is hard to satisfy power-hungry platforms such as trucks, trams, and buses. Conventional lithium ion batteries (LIB) could provide power density less than 3 kW/kg with relatively moderate energy density. On the other side, supercapacitors (SCs) that are known to provide power density of more than 10 kW/kg have a very low energy density of less than 1 Wh/kg and thus, SCs could not be used solely as energy storage. However, employing anode from LIB and electrode from SC together in a single system would benefit both high energy and power density, which system is-so called lithium ion capacitor (LIC). To date, so many attempts have been done to investigate the best anode material combination with activated carbon (AC) to obtain high performance LIC. The anode materials that are commonly utilized in LIB such as graphite, hard carbon, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), Fe3O4, SnO2, and silicon based material have been extensively studied for LIC. Graphite that is known as an ubiquitous anode material in LIBs provided relatively high energy density of c.a. 100 Wh/kg and maximum power density of less than 2 kW/kg in LIC. Among all, LTO application was found to be the least desirable material for LIC since it provided relatively low maximum energy and power density, which was merely less than 40 Wh/kg and 2 kW/kg, respectively, due to its low conductivity and high voltage plateau at around 1.5 V. Grphene has been used to reinforce rate capability of Fe3O4 and it demonstrated promising energy density as high as 86 Wh/kg. However, the maximum power density of the enhaced electrode material was only 2.6 kW/kg. Higher power LIC can be achieved by harnessing hard carbon anode material, which displayed maximum power density of about 50 kW/kg. However, the high power density of hard caron in LIC was compensated by extremely low energy density of less than 2 Wh/kg. Herein, we investigate the electrochemical performance of LIC by using silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) as the anode and the AC from biomass (Zalacca salacca) peels as the cathode to provide massive power while maintaining the energy density relatively high. SiOC showed an outstanding rate capability performance indicated by relatively high discharge capacity of over than 200 mAh/g at current density of 80 A/g. The excelent rate capability was attributed to the fast lithium diffusion in SiOC, which was represented by high lithium diffusion coefficient (DLi+) of 5.1 × 10-6 cm2/s. Meanwhile, the AC derived from biomass is promising since its surface area (c.a. 2600 m2/g) and capacitance (163.7 F/g) was significantly higher than that of commercial AC. Combination of SiOC and AC derived from Zalacca salacca in a single unit of LIC could be used to provide a massive power density of 155kW/kg while maintained relatively high energy density of 25 Wh/kg. Moreover, the resulting LIC demonstrated highly stable cycle retention at high C-rate. After reaching equilbrium state, the cycle retention of LIC at 50C was 99.4% after more than 40,000 cycles. At higher C-rate of 100C, the cycle retention of the LIC was 99% even after more than 75,000 cycles. The present study indicates that LIC design based on SiOC and AC from Zalacca salacca peels is suitable for energy storage in high-duty platforms such as trucks, trams, and buses.

Since the first commercialization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), LIBs have become an important power source for wireless electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and other renewable energy storage systems due to their high energy density and operating voltage. The higher energy density of LIBs indicates that the electrode material can store more energy per unit mass or volume. Currently, with the high capacity demands of EV batteries and the use of high-capacity LIBs in a variety of devices, anode material capacity requirements are also rising rapidly. However, graphite, the most widely used anode material in commercial LIBs, has challenges in enhancing the energy and power density of LIBs due to its limited theoretical specific capacity (372 mAh g-1) and restricted rate capability. Hence, most battery industries have focused on forming graphite-silicon composites through the blending of silicon (Si) and graphite.Si has an ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity of 3579 mAh g-1 (Li15Si4), which is roughly 10 times higher than the specific capacity of graphite, and has a low redox potential (0.4 V vs Li/Li+). However its excellent properties, the Si-based anode undergoes a severe volume expansion (up to 300 %) during the repetitive lithiation/delithiation process. The resulting physical change causes the breakdown/restoration of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer over the surface of the Si. This phenomenon causes electrolyte decomposition, degradation of Coulombic efficiency, the loss of active lithium ions, and the formation of an unstable SEI layer.To address the inherent problems of Si, countless researches have been conducted to improve the electrochemical performance and long-term cycle stability of graphite-Si composite electrodes through nanostructure engineering, composite optimization, and surface modification. Nevertheless, graphite-Si composite electrodes continue to encounter challenges (e.g., electrode pulverization and delamination), constraining the incorporation of Si active materials into the composite. Therefore, it is imperative to devise a new graphite-Si composite for high-performance LIBs.In this work, we used polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as an electrode additive and investigated how it affects SEI components and volume expansion issues. PVP, a component of LiF and Li3N, can produce high-quality SEI in the field. We verified this via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). In addition, when we evaluated Li metal cells, we discovered that the electrode with PVP had better capacity retention and battery performance than the electrode without PVP, and when we reviewed full cells, we discovered that the rate characteristics were improved and volume expansion was reduced. This work explores a simple strategy for employing electrode additives to improve long-term cycle stability and high-rate performance.