Towards Relevancy Aware Service Oriented Systems in WSNs

Towards a Service Oriented Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks in Industrial Applications?

Moisture sensor acquires data of moisture content and water height of farmland; the data are transmitted by wireless sensor network and stored in data server to provide data mining and decision support for users, the utilization of wireless moisture sensor network could facilitate the excellent growth of crops and sustainable development of water resources. Based on self-design moisture sensor and actual monitoring needs of farmland moisture, this paper presents the architecture of wireless moisture sensor network and format of moisture data packet, designs the mechanisms of hierarchical storage, hierarchical error control and retransmission. Especially, the paper analyzes and simulates the mechanism of error control from respects of consuming time and correcting error ability, simulation results show that BCH coding is more suitable for wireless moisture sensor network than RS coding.

Trust and reputation systems have been regarded as a powerful tool to defend against insider attacks caused by the captured nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, trust systems are vulnerable to on-off attacks, in which malicious nodes can opportunistically behave good or bad, compromising the network with the hope that bad behavior will be undetected. Thus, malicious nodes can remain trusted while behaving badly. In this paper, we propose O2Trust, On-Off attack mitigation for Trust systems in wireless sensor networks. O2Trust adopts the penalty policy against the misbehavior history of each node in the network as a reliable factor that should influence on the calculation of the trust value. This punishment future helps to perceive malicious node that aim to launch intelligent attacks against trust-establishment and consequently on-off attack is mitigated efficiently.

Nowadays, the efficiency of multiagent systems in wireless sensor networks prompts the researchers to use these emerging mobile software packets in different simulated approaches or real-world applications. Heterogeneous and distributed wireless sensor networks could be integrated with the multiagent systems to map the real-world challenges into the artificial intelligence world. The multiagent systems have been applied from simulated approaches like object detection/tracking, healthcare, control/assistant, and security systems to real-world applications, including medical/human-care systems and unmanned aerial vehicles. Furthermore, the integration of wireless sensor networks with multiagent systems have emerged novel application, which is known as mobile robots. However, the extensive use of mobile agents in wireless sensor networks has posed different challenges for researchers, including security, resource, and timing limitation. In this work, we review recent simulated approaches and real-world applications of multiagent systems in wireless sensor networks, in which a set of common factors about the things that have been studied are extracted and compared to analyze the performance of mobile agent–based systems in the wireless sensor networks, as well. This analysis provides new research directions about multiagent systems in wireless sensor networks for interested researchers. Finally, a novel framework for dealing with the challenges of multiagent-based applications in the wireless sensor networks which have been mentioned is suggested.

Profiling environmental parameter using a large number of spatially distributed wireless sensor network (WSN) NODEs is an extensive illustration of advanced modern technologies, but high power requirement for WSN NODEs limits the widespread deployment of these technologies. Currently, WSN NODEs are extensively powered up using batteries, but the battery has limitation of lifetime, power density, and environmental concerns. To overcome this issue, energy harvester (EH) is developed and presented in this paper. Solar-based EH has been identified as the most viable source of energy to be harvested for autonomous WSN NODEs. Besides, a novel chemical-based EH is reported as the potential secondary source for harvesting energy because of its uninterrupted availability. By integrating both solar-based EH and chemical-based EH, a hybrid energy harvester (HEH) is developed to power up WSN NODEs. Experimental results from the real-time deployment shows that, besides supporting the daily operation of WSN NODE and Router, the developed HEH is capable of producing a surplus of 971 mA·hr equivalent energy to be stored inside the storage for NODE and 528.24 mA·hr equivalent energy for Router, which is significantly enough for perpetual operation of autonomous WSN NODEs used in environmental parameter profiling.

Herein, an Internet of Things (IoT) system with remote reconfigurable wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes is presented and its application to measure group work activity in a classroom is discussed. This IoT system consists of wiki pages, bots, (defined as remotely controlled devices), gateways, and remotely reconfigurable WSN Nodes. The bots/gateways and WSN nodes of the IoT system are controlled by scripts written on wiki pages that are read by the bot/gateways, which then forward the commands contained in the scripts to the WSN nodes. Each WSN node then executes the commands, obtains the resulting sensor values, and then returns those values to the bot/gateways. The bot/gateways relay the values and write them onto the wiki page. Each WSN node is flexible and reconfigurable because its behavior can be changed by the script commands written onto the wiki page. Using this IoT system, we created a measurement system to evaluate activity levels of group work in a classroom. After developing the measurement system, we found it was possible to adjust the sampling rate for obtaining sensor values simply by rewriting the script on the wiki page without directly manipulating the WSN.

Over the past decades, many WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) systems have emerged. Today, the WSN systems with different technologies have started to become parts of Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems(CPSs). This situation has also led to the emergence of heterogeneous and autonomous WSN structures. In these types of complex projects, involving different WSN systems, it is necessary to well define the structure of WSN heterogeneity in order to perform some important operations such as interoperability and resource-sharing. To this end, the paper presents a WSN heterogeneity classification model. In the classification, WSN heterogeneity is addressed from a general perspective. The classification considers not only the heterogeneity within a WSN but also the heterogeneity which can be occurred in the scope of IoT/CPS projects. As far as is known, this type of classification on WSN heterogeneity has been proposed for the first time in literature.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming an increasingly important technology that will be used in a variety of applications such as environmental monitoring, infrastructure management, public safety, medical, home and office security, transportation, and military. WSNs will also play a key role in pervasive computing where computing devices and people are connected to the Internet. Until now, WSNs and their applications have been developed without considering a management solution. This is a critical problem since networks comprising tens of thousands of nodes are expected to be used in some of the applications above. This article proposes the MANNA management architecture for WSNs. In particular, it presents the functional, information, and physical management architectures that take into account specific characteristics of this type of network. Some of them are restrict physical resources such as energy and computing power, frequent reconfiguration and adaptation, and faults caused by nodes unavailable. The MANNA architecture considers three management dimensions: functional areas, management levels, and WSN functionalities. These dimensions are specified to the management of a WSN and are the basis for a list of management functions. The article also proposes WSN models to guide the management activities and the use of correlation in the WSN management. This is a first step into a largely unexplored research area.

This paper analyzes the composition of architecture and sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks, component models running on the nodes embedded operating system and programming model based on nesC. Then, we analyze network databases based on wireless sensor, design and implement wireless sensor network database TaraxDB, focused on design and implement the receiving client inquiries, analysis and presentation, send queries and receive results between the database client and sensor networks, database client Receive query and submit the results between the client and the user, The main feature on the database, including front-end and network nodes, as well as the completion of key technical queries collaboration between nodes.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNS) is an important part of the perception layer for the Internet of Things (IoT). It is one of the basic tools of collecting data for the Internet of Things. Trusted architecture is key for trusted transmission in the wireless sensor networks and applying support of the Internet of Things. In the paper, the wireless sensor networks is studied for the Internet of Things in the farmland. Based on wireless sensor network architecture, the trusted architecture for farmland wireless sensor networks is designed. The control flow of trusted architecture is discussed in detail. Additionally the trusted protocol model and the implement frame and phases are presented detailed. And the experimental data records show the trusted architecture for farmland wireless sensor networks can afford trusted and reliable data transmission for wireless sensor networks.

Automatic delivery and recovery system of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) nodes based on UAV for agricultural applications

In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical architecture for a large wireless sensor network (WSN) wherein sensors are arranged into a multi-layer architecture with the nodes at each layer interconnected as a de Bruijn graph and provide a hierarchical routing algorithm in the network. Using our approach, every sensor obtains a unique node identifier addressed by binary addressing fashion. We show that our algorithm has reasonable fault-tolerance, admits simple and decentralized routing, and offers easy extensibility. We also present simulation results showing the average delay, success data delivery radio in our approach. And we received acceptable results for some potential applications.

In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes have limited battery power. Data aggregation is an important technique in a wireless sensor network to reduce the energy consumption by eliminating the redundant data and delivering useful data to the user. Data aggregation technique is used to gather the data sensed by the sensor nodes in the network and aggregates the sensed data in an energy-efficient way so that overall network lifetime can be increased. Cluster, tree, chain, and grid are some of the architectures for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, authors present an analysis-based survey of data aggregation protocols for tree-based architecture in wireless sensor networks. The authors analyze each algorithm on the basis of performance measurements such as network lifetime, energy consumption, and node distance. Authors also compare these algorithms on the basis of the preferred parameter and a key feature of each algorithm. In the fifth section of the paper, authors described the proposed approach to construct the data aggregation tree to maximize the network lifetime. In the proposed approach, authors used distance parameter to construct minimum spanning tree, and other parameters such as load and energy are preferred in a balanced manner to reduce the energy consumption and to maximize the network lifetime.

Service-oriented architectures for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been proposed to provide an integrated platform, where new applications can be rapidly developed through flexible service composition. In WSNs, the existing multipath routing schemes have demonstrated the effectiveness of traffic distribution over multipaths to fulfill the quality of service requirements of applications. However, the failure of links might significantly affect the transmission performance, scalability, reliability, and security of WSNs. Thus, by considering the reliability, congestion control, and security for multipath, it is desirable to design a reliable and service-driven routing scheme to provide efficient and failure-tolerant routing scheme. In this paper, an evaluation metric, path vacant ratio, is proposed to evaluate and then find a set of link-disjoint paths from all available paths. A congestion control and load-balancing algorithm that can adaptively adjust the load over multipaths is proposed. A threshold sharing algorithm is applied to split the packets into multiple segments that will be delivered via multipaths to the destination depending on the path vacant ratio. Simulations demonstrate the performance of the adaptive and secure load-balance routing scheme. © 2014 IEEE.

For the past decade, wireless sensor networks have focused primarily on data collection. As a result the network topology for these systems was usually heavily centralized. However, for these networks to form a full system, the introduction of proper actuation units and decision-making intelligence is inevitable. Such a new wireless sensor and actuator network system enables new architectural research issues that have not been previously studied. In this work, we introduce the DWSAN system architecture, which effectively combines both sensor and actuation hardware devices to a single network and manages this network so that the actuation decisions are made in a distributed manner and the topology of the network maintains a multitier architecture. Our intensive set of evaluations reveal that, compared to the centralized approach that has been used in most wireless sensor network systems until now, when actuation units are introduced to the system, the DWSAN architecture reduces the transmission load of the network and the actuation decision-making latency by close to twofold and threefold, respectively. Furthermore, we show that this benefit naturally leads to better scalability of the system, making it suitable for various sensing applications in different environments.