Usage of Dynamic Programming Method in Transport and Logistics Centers Construction and Development Projects

Aim. The presented study aims to develop a conceptual framework for the coordination and development of the competitive advantages of international transit between the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member states in an attempt to create a unified transport system within the SCO space.Tasks. The authors assess the prospects of the interconnection and innovative development of the transit transport systems (TTS) of the SCO member states to create a common network of railroads and motorways and a unified transport system within the SCO; analyze the directions and prospects of the digital transformation of the transportation process at interstate junctions; prove that the development of cargo transit by rail, primarily through the improvement of transit transport communication with Afghanistan, is an important prerequisite for ensuring integrated security within the SCO space.Methods. This study uses the methods of systems analysis, evolutionary-institutional theory, econometric modeling, and historical approach.Results. The prospects for TTS interconnection are rooted in the implementation of the Agreement between the SCO member states to create favorable conditions for international road transport. Another promising direction involves creating a common network of railroads to achieve the global goal of establishing a unified transport system within the SCO. Given the fact that the container market has been occupied by Chinese manufacturers, the authors believe that Russian companies can and should take up a significant part of the container platform market (including innovative) within the SCO. The coordination of international transit transport should also be aimed at reducing the empty mileage rates of containers and container platforms. One of the directions for reducing empty mileage includes the formation of a backhaul cargo base and development of logistics schemes. Multimodal (combined) transport requires a single transport document as well as development and implementation of electronic workflows for cargo transit along international transport corridors. To ensure the national security of the SCO member states, first of all, it is necessary to develop rail transport of goods and passengers, which is more subject to control than road transport. It is also necessary to enhance the application of stationary and mobile inspection and examination complexes for the customs and border control of cargo.Conclusions. Realization of the transit transport potential of the SCO member states and creation of a unified transport system within the Organization’s space requires the following conditions to be met: construction of high-end transport communications; expansion of the capacity of overland borders, development of port infrastructure; interconnection of infrastructure integration projects and transit transport systems; interoperability of the transportation process, construction of multimodal transport and logistics centers; digitization of the transportation process, implementation of transport technologies based on artificial intelligence; creation of multimodal digital international corridors; implementation of electronic workfl ws; traceability of cargo transit using electronic seals.

Turkey is one of the few countries that ambitiously tries to build new logistics centers. Kars-Turkey has a strategic importance in terms of logistics and transportation center due to its geographical features. In Kars province, the construction of the logistics center was launched in 2017. On the other hand, "Capacity" is a very important parameter for logistics centers, especially ones that manage large commercial flows. Insufficiency or excess capacity may cause negative issues, in terms of cost and space. In this study, the freight capacity assessment of Kars logistics center has been made and a logistics model that maximizes the capacity utilization has been proposed according to this assessment. This logistics model consists of three stages: The first is the estimation of the future freight transport amounts with the Exponential Smoothing method according to the past freight transport data. The second is to determine the alternative transportation scenarios that maximize the capacity utilization of the Kars logistics center with a mathematical model. Third, the TOPSIS method is the most suitable one among these alternative scenarios. Because the best use of capacity in logistics centers has become a problem, the proposed model is intended to be a reference for all logistics centers. Thus, we aim to provide efficient usage of the Kars logistics center by its full capacity. The solution results have been revealed that the proposed model is effective and valid. In the literature, there is no model that maximizes capacity utilization and determines the optimal transport scenario for a logistics center.

The Ukrainian market of international freight transportation has considerable unrealized potential, therefore it is necessary to identify mechanisms for improving the efficiency of functioning of the transport system of Ukraine and its integration into the international transport system.  One of the priority areas for the development of the Ukrainian transport industry is its integration into the world and European transport and logistics systems.  This can be achieved by developing the country's transport and logistics infrastructure and creating a network of modern transport and logistics centers.  Transport and logistics centers, as objects of transport and logistics infrastructure, have emerged due to the spread of integration processes in the economies of countries and have become an integral part of transport and logistics systems.  The transport and logistics center is a complex system that includes several subsystems, integrated by integration links, through which it is able to perform logistic functions. The article provides an analytical overview of the transit potential of Ukraine and the country's transport and logistics system in the global environment, examines the world experience of creating and operating transport and logistics centers as elements of the transport and logistics system, and gives attention to the peculiarities of functioning of logistics centers in developed countries. The main characteristics of the transport and logistics center, its place in the transport and logistics system and the goals of operation are determined.

The issue of accelerating container transportation on China-Europe corridor has been on the agenda for a long time, and many decisions have been made in this vein. However, in this paper, in addition to the issue of speeding up China-Europe route transportation, the development of regional transport infrastructure is designated as an equally important factor. One of the main elements of the transport infrastructure is logistics centers. In this work, the list of candidate cities for the construction of a logistics center was processed using the ArcGIS Network Analyst technical package, the results were analyzed and the most stable model was identified.

The article analyzes the actual problems of prospects of logistical support of transportation of products. Automobile, railway, aviation and water modes of transport, which function and develop according to different rules and criteria, based on their departmental interests and priorities, were investigated. Conquesting and retaining competitive advantages is relevant for any mode of transport in our country at this stage of economic development. The main directions for strengthening the state transport policy which is necessary to supplement and adjust the actions of market mechanisms in order to ensure the effective, public­interest formation of the state transport system and the transport services market, were formed in this article. A possible solution to the problem is the unification of hundreds of medium-sized and small motor transport companies and freight forwarding companies in one place - a multimodal transport and logistics center with the provision of logistics services. This will attract new investment in the country's transport infrastructure and increase the level of logistics services. The object of study - the process of logistical support for transportation of products. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of interaction and competition between different modes of transport in the modern conditions and to identify possible directions for their solution in the transport of goods and passengers in order to ensure stable economic development, satisfaction of the needs of the population and social production. Methods of research - methods of economic, system and comparative analysis. On the basis of the analysis of the interaction of different types of transport, it was discovered that during this time the cardinal transformational processes from the socialist plans to market relations and infrastructure development took place in the state economy. The specificity of activity of different modes of transport is that they not only interact, but also compete with each other in the provision of transport services. There is a big competition at the interstate level for the transit of goods. It is proved that for further growth of grain export, it is necessary not only to improve the logistics of transportation, but also to develop the infrastructure of the country. It would be appropriate to consider at the state level the possibility of prioritizing the transportation of agricultural products by different modes of transport during the peak period and to develop programs to encourage the construction of modern grain storage facilities in port areas and at the borders of Ukraine with neighboring countries. Expected assumptions about the development of the object of study - a logistic approach for sustainable economic development is proposed, conquesting and retaining competitive advantages which will allow to promptly take into account changes of the environment, to respond to the behavior of competitors and consumers, that is, provide for and form demand and supply in the prospective plan. That is why it is necessary to carry out complex measures aimed at transforming any company into a successful commercial enterprise, which will provide high-quality transport services. In general, the strategic goal is to solve three main tasks: to reduce the company's expenses, increase its income and ensure the maximum safety of movement and safekeeping of cargoes during transportation both on the territory of our state and abroad. KEYWORDS: LOGISTICS, COMPETITIVENESS, TRANSPORTATION OF RODUCTS, THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY, LOGISTIC SYSTEM, STATE TRANSPORT POLICY.

The aim of the article is to analyze the current state and development prospects of multimodal transportation, to examine its efficiency and advantages compared to traditional modes of transport, and to identify the main problems and ways to solve them in order to improve logistics efficiency and the integration of transportation systems. The overall aim of the study is to determine and substantiate efficient strategies for the development of multimodal passenger transportation in Ukraine to ensure safe, comfortable, and economically viable passenger transport. The article explores the current state and prospects for the development of multimodal passenger transportation in Ukraine. The article considers the principles of integrating different types of transport into a unified system capable of ensuring continuous and efficient passenger movement. Special attention is given to the regulatory and legal support for the functioning of transportation infrastructure, modern logistical approaches to route formation, and the use of digital technologies for planning «door-to-door» transportation. The role of multimodal transportation in increasing the convenience, speed, and safety of passenger flows is assessed. The authors examine the impact of the ongoing war on Ukraine’s transport system during 2022–2024, including evacuation operations, the delivery of humanitarian aid, and the resilience of infrastructure during crises. The analysis covers the destruction of transport facilities and the challenges of their restoration, as well as ways to integrate the Ukrainian transport network into the European TEN-T system. It is demonstrated that the efficient operation of multimodal transportation in crisis conditions requires a comprehensive approach, infrastructure modernization, the implementation of digital solutions, and international cooperation. Based on the analysis, key factors for the successful development of multimodal transportation have been identified, including systemic planning, route optimization, improving logistics efficiency, ensuring passenger safety, and the resilience of the transport system. The study provides practical recommendations for implementing modern technologies and improving the management of multimodal routes, which helps enhance the competitiveness of the Ukrainian transport sector internationally and ensures its capacity to respond to crisis challenges. The practical significance lies in the applicability of the proposed strategies and recommendations for improving the integration of different modes of transport, boosting safety, comfort, and the accessibility of passenger transportation. Overall, this research makes an important contribution to the study of multimodal passenger transport in Ukraine, offering scientifically grounded recommendations for optimizing transport flows, increasing transport efficiency, and enhancing the quality of passenger services.

Development of transport infrastructure organization model for modern cities with growing effectiveness

The implementation of the project “The Economic Belt of the Silk Road” and the creation of new transport links of the international communication make it important to place logistics centers on the road to the flow of freight flows in the East-West direction. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing the variants of logistics centers location. The authors proposed the methodology and model allowing us to determine the necessity of placing logistics objects on the basis of a system analysis of transport performance indicators, infrastructural, socio-economic factors. The paper analyzed trends in international trade, reviewed existing and prospective international Euro-Asian transport corridors. The researchers systematized the factors that have the greatest impact on the transport and logistics infrastructure development and on the logistics centers location. Based on the proposed system of factors, the authors developed an assessing methodology for locating variants of logistics centers. The chapter performs the results of the attractiveness assessment of the regions for the logistics infrastructure facilities location according to the developed methodology for the conditions in the Russian Federation as in one of the countries pretending to promote cargo flows through its territory within the framework of the project “The Economic Belt of the Silk Road”.

Background. A developed transport infrastructure is one of the defining elements of the sustainable growth of any region, because it contributes to the improvement of people's living standards, creates conditions for the effective functioning of the goods and services market, and is also a basic prerequisite for the economic growth of the country as a whole. Transport services occupy a significant place in territorial planning, because the existing and planned transport network affects the potential level of use of the territory, the location and specialization of the economy, the formation of network and logistics structures (houses, logistics centers, industrial parks, etc.). The rational use of urban space, a well-thoughtout combination of individual modes of transport (railway, road, urban, aviation, pipeline), establishing connections between communities by individual modes of transport (access roads, train stations, stations and stops, airports) creates a single transport system, the operation of which can ensure the minimization of time spent on the movement of passengers and goods, both internal and external, as well as closer and more intensive connections between communities. Transport is involved in the creation of products and the distribution of these products to consumers, it interconnects the production and consumption of products between different sectors of the economy, between countries or regions. Transport plays an important role in the emergence and development of intensive exchange of goods between the various territories involved in this division. The degree of development of transport depends on the growth of the division of labor in the territory, its strengthening and the emergence of new, more efficient forms. Transport infrastructure has an impact on the quality of life and the development of cities, therefore a deep theoretical analysis of its work becomes an important and urgent task. Methods. The following methods were used: the comparative-geographical method of the transport structure of the city of Chernivtsi, the analysis and comparison of the route network according to indicators of efficiency, resource consumption and satisfaction of passenger needs, as well as the descriptive method. Results. Using a descriptive method, negative trends in the transportation structure were identified, including the aging of vehicles, an insufficient number of routes, and the overloading of key routes. An analysis of the route network was conducted based on efficiency indicators, resource consumption, and passenger satisfaction. Based on the obtained data and analysis results, specific decisions can be made to optimize the route network, including schedule adjustments, route reorganization, and improvements in service quality and passenger satisfaction. This approach will contribute to enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of urban public transportation. Conclusions. It was found that the transport structure of the city of Chernivtsi needs constant development and improvement, as it does not fully meet the needs of the population. Among the main tasks at the moment is the constant optimization and creation of new public transport routes to meet the needs of residents and avoid duplication between buses and electric transport. The further functioning of the city's transport system should be aimed at the maximum use of external opportunities and internal advantages, while simultaneously solving the problems of its development to ensure quality transport services in the region.

The article is devoted to the study of the seaports of Ukraine and the identification of problems in the development of their logistics infrastructure. The purpose of the paper is to study the main problems of development of logistics infrastructure of seaports of Ukraine and determine the benefits of forming effective logistics centers based on them. The methodological basis of the study is general scientific techniques and methods. In particular, the systemic approach, method of analysis and synthesis, logical and prognostic methods. The results of the study allow us to determine that the degree of integration of Ukraine’s port industry into the international community remains low. The productivity of transport infrastructure and logistics processes are low. Seaports, of which there have been 13 in 2019, have a high investment potential due to their specialization and geographical location of the country. Much has been done by the government to develop the port industry since independence, but today there are a number of important issues, including low levels of private investment due to instability and high risk of corruption in the domestic economy, declining seaport turnover due to unreliable maritime logistics systems, imperfect tariff policy and many others. The results of the paper are the study of the experience of forming logistics infrastructure abroad, in particular in Germany and the Netherlands, and the argument for the creation of multimodal logistics centers on the basis of the Ukrainian seaports. It is determined that a special role in their formation and control over their activities should belong to state and municipal authorities. When creating a multimodal logistics center, a comprehensive approach should be applied, which covers such areas of activity as: development of the logistics services market; optimization and development of transport infrastructure (ensuring the possibility of cargo handling by different modes of transport); effective investment policy; development of trade relations; environmental protection; development of territories, creation of industrial parks and social policy (location of multimodal logistics centers near large settlements, creation of additional jobs). The support for these areas will diversify the economy of those regions, in which seaports are located, and will have an overall positive impact on the country’s economy as a whole, increase its logistics potential and competitiveness. Value/originality. A detailed analysis of the Ukrainian seaports and existing problems in the development of their logistics infrastructure provides a better understanding of the need to create powerful multimodal logistics centers and the formation of a single information space for the integration of Ukrainian and European port industry.

The development of urbanisation is linked to qualitative and quantitative changes in the landscape and its components aimed at strengthening economic, administrative and cultural-social functions, which are associated with ever-increasing pressures on ecosystems and their individual components. These pressures are subject to various factors—socio-economic, political, environ-mental, etc. In this paper, we present an evaluation of the environmental impacts of the development of urbanisation in Slovakia. Independent Slovakia belongs to the young European states. The communist period lasted from 1948 to 1989. The character of landscape, the quality of the environment and also the degree of anthropisation of territory were dependent on a centrally managed economy. Urbanisation changes began to manifest themselves rapidly after 2000, when the economy was transformed and Slovakia was preparing to join the European Union (Slovakia joined the European Union in 2004). The transformation from central planning into a market economy was the basis of the changes, which was conditioned following strong pressure of investors on the landscape, the construction of technological parks, shopping and logistics centres and transport infrastructure and the construction of residential complexes. According to the European Environment Agency’s study on urban sprawl between the mid-1950s and the end of the 1990s, industry, commercial and transport services have grown at a significant rate and the residential areas at a moderate rate in Slovakia. On the other hand, Slovakia has areas where urbanisation has the opposite trend. Rural settlements are abandoned as well as large areas of agricultural land. The character of land use has fundamentally changed over the past 20 years. These changes not only have a spatial dimension but are associated with the emergence of various environmental problems. The paper deals with the impacts of anthropisation and industrialisation of Slovakia after 2000. The anthropisation process in Slovakia was determined through data processed in GIS and also through the statistical data representing land use. Based on the ecological significance of land use elements, the degree of anthropisation in Slovakiawas calculated.

Freight transport is constantly growing and the forecast is that this trend will continue in the future. The sustainable development of transport requires the development of activities, which yield higher economic and social results while at the same time reduce the negative impact on the environment. In the long term, the sustainable development of transport activities is complex and tied to enormous challenges, difficulties and barriers, related to the development of the technological environment, the social and economic development, the influence of political factors and regulations. One of the central perspectives for the development of the freight transport in Europe is the development of multimodal and intermodal transport. The present chapter reviews some essential issues about the conditions for interaction between the modes of freight transport and the main challenges this kind of transport faces. An overview has been made of the main characteristics of organization and technology in multimodal and intermodal transport, and the related to them commodal and synchro modal transport that have appeared in recent years, as well as the physical internet concept. The application and barriers for modern use of information and communication technologies in multimodal and intermodal transport has been reviewed. An overview of the development of multimodal and intermodal transport in Bulgaria in accordance with the development of international transport corridors that pass through the country is carried out. A mathematical model has been developed on the basis of multicriteria optimization with three criteria: direct costs, time and external costs. The transport scheme is presented as an oriented graph line with each point corresponding to a node and each road, connecting nodes i and j, to an oriented weighted rib (i, j) in the graph. Weight cij is directly connected to the three criteria set. We assume that on each rib transport can be carried out by three modes: waterway, road and rail. If there is no physical connection, the respective weight is assumed to be an infinitely large number. Pareto optimal solutions have been determined under conditions for integer variables and application of a weighting method. To verify the model, a specific task for providing multimodal transport has been solved with the help of Matlab R2017b software and the optimization functions built into the product have been found to be optimal under Pareto solutions, using heuristic approaches for solving a partially integer linear optimization problem.KeywordsMultimodal transportThree-criteria optimizationInternal costRoute and time optimizationFreight and passenger transportation

Purpose: The article attempts a qualitative risk analysis of the feasibility of the construction project of a logistics centre (a warehouse hall with a monolithic reinforced concrete structure), with particular emphasis on the implementation phase. Risk factors may have a negative impact on individual stages of the investment process, and when detected at the right moment, they can be minimized - which will beneficially contribute to changing the investor's risk level. Design/methodology/approach: The influence of selected risk factors on the scope of works carried out during construction was examined. Particular attention was paid to the time and cost of the investment implementation as well as its impact on the nearest natural environment. The analysis was carried out using modern tools supporting the engineer's work, including computer methods. The Norma PRO 4.75 cost estimating program was used, Microsoft Project supporting project management in terms of resources, time and finances, and Risky Project 7.2 used to manage project risk. Findings: The components of the construction process that are most exposed to the risk of failure were identified, and preventive measures should be taken against them. The main factors threatening the implementation of the project assumptions, having a significant impact on the extension of time and the increase in the costs of feasibility, include the risk of equipment failure, the risk of employee absenteeism and the risk of negative impact of the works carried out on the immediate natural environment. The key processes in the construction of the logistics centre turned out to be foundation works and assembly of structural elements, due to their complexity, labour-intensity, implementation time and high costs. Research limitations/implications: Research limitations result from the analysis of a deliberately selected case, which does not allow for formulating general conclusions. Nevertheless, the article refers to engineering practice and describes the challenges faced by the construction sector in the logistics industry. Practical implications: The information contained in the publication may be of interest to representatives of the business sector, students and doctoral students of technical faculties, analysing the impact of sustainable development on warehouse infrastructure and innovation of project systems in the national and international dimension. Originality/value: The publication covers the subject of construction logistics in the process of implementation of the project, as well as an analysis of selected risk factors, their definitions, and its reduction possibilities. Based on the project a qualitative risk analysis was performed, the result of this analysis was the identification of risks for which preventive measures should be introduced. After identifying the risk, it is recommended to be thorough estimation of risk factors and their evaluation, as well as planning the response to risk based on the selected model. Keywords: construction economics, infrastructure and environment, logistic centre, risk management. Category of the paper: Case study.

Similar to world trade, container transportation and the tendency to transport various cargoes with containers is increasing in Turkey. Moreover, in a world where production centers will be relocated during Covid-19, it can be said that Turkey's production will increase and over and above expectations, container traffic in its ports will expand. We can foresee that Kocaeli City's container ports and logistic focuses will require more container transportation, due to the fact that where containerization is increasing in Turkey and around the world. In our study, transportation possibilities between container ports and logistics centers of Kocaeli city have been examined. The adequacy of the existing transportation opportunities, the needs of the sector in this context, and the perspectives of the stakeholder company managers on an alternative transportation method were examined through a semi-structured interview form. The data collected in the research were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis H test in the IBM SPSS 22.0 program, and the hypotheses were questioned. Reconsidering alternative opportunities in transportation for the development of Kocaeli ports and logistics stakeholders in a competitive structure, increasing the road and railway transportation capacities between the ports and Köseköy Logistics center will be appropriate, a new/alternative transportation method will have a positive impact on the efficiency of the port/logistics business, inland waterway/canal to the logistics center. It has been concluded that integration with transportation may be beneficial in the future and may have a moderate impact on business volume and productivity.

Summary. The article highlights the topical issue of development of container multimodal transport, which are a priority in the development of transport services, their use will increase the volume of cargo delivered to the destination by the most efficient modes of transport (their combination). Container transportation of goods significantly reduces the cost of delivery of goods from producers to consumers. Container transportation has become the most economical without transhipment technology, and, above all, in the intercontinental multimodal land-sea service. The aim of the work is to study the practical aspects, substantiate practical recommendations for the logistics of multimodal container transportation of goods in global supply chains. Conduct at comparative analysis of the implementation of multimodal container traffic in different containers, namely 20 and 40 feet. The analysis and calculations of the data of container transportation processes for the conditions of two international transport corridors: TRACECA and trans-Caspian international transport route are carried out. The cost of transportation by sea, although their number is small relative to the total share of routes, significantly affects the total cost of transportation. In order to stimulate freight traffic on these routes, member states have set discounts of up to 10% of the cost of the ferry fare. Studies suggest that the use of multimodal container traffic is currently economically feasible. The conducted research of practical aspects and substantiation of practical recommendations on logistics of multimodal container transportation of goods in global supply chains suggests that the use of container transportation is a way of delivery today using multimodal options for delivery of goods. An in-depth comparative analysis of the implementation of multimodal container traffic in different containers, namely 20 and 40 feet, allows us to conclude that the use of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TMTM) with a 20-foot container is a more economically attractive option and can be recommended.