Visual Theory and Application of Interaction Design

As the last node of data journalism creation, visual design plays a crucial role in the transmission of data information. Exploring the routes to improve the quality of data journalism at the visual language and interaction design, this paper analyzes the works won data journalism awards and produced by well-known media from 2012 to 2019, and discusses the misunderstandings and shortcomings in the current data journalism visualization practice. This paper presents the improvement routes of data mapping, symbolic expression, interaction level, and interactive narration.

With the continuous progress and development of technology people's demand for interactive experience is increasing, the interactive concept has become an important trend in today's design field. It refers to an approach to designing and developing products, services or systems that emphasises the interaction between the user and the product, system or environment. It considers the user not only as a user of the product, but also as an active participant in the design process. It mainly includes interaction methods, feedback mechanisms, personalisation and other aspects to reflect the interactive concept. Emotional design is a design concept belonging to a deeper level of interaction design, which is the integration of design concepts with emotional aspects with interaction design to meet the emotional needs of users. Storylines, symbols and metaphors are used to trigger an emotional response from the user. Interaction design aims to improve user satisfaction and experience by designing interfaces that are easy to use, intuitive and enjoyable. It is not just about meeting the functional needs of the user, but also about its impact on human emotion and pleasure. And interaction design is the practice of defining and constructing interactive experiences is a new design approach based on the development of new media technology and user experience derived from the aspects of design, psychology, computer science and other disciplines, in order to create an experience that meets the needs of the user, the pursuit of fun and novelty.The aim of this paper is whether the specific application and methods of interaction design on human emotion and pleasure under the interactive concept enhances and improves the user's emotional experience. It is hoped that through this study, the use of interaction design on human emotion and pleasure under the concept of interaction can be enriched to enhance the value of user experience and product value. Moreover, on the basis of the interactive concept, the close integration of interactive design and human emotion will make the public more aware of the importance and necessity of interactive design for human emotion and pleasure.This paper explores the cases of human-computer interaction, interactive games, interactive advertisements, and interactive videos through specific case studies, functional analysis, and case studies, which can be combined with cases in different fields to analyse the importance of interactive design on human emotions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of interactive design on human emotion and pleasure based on the concept of interactivity. Better interaction design can enhance users' emotional experience and pleasure, help users deal with negative emotions, increase users' satisfaction with products, enhance users' engagement and the value of products or services, and promote innovation of products or services. An in-depth study of the use of interactive design on human emotion and pleasure, and maintaining products through interactive concepts and emotional design is important for improving product functionality and enhancing user experience.

Visual scaffolding, a type of scaffolding provided in a visual format, is considered to have potential in web-based learning environments as it naturally includes tacit information, highlights the critical features of tasks and promotes learning through the spatial organization of tasks. However, systematic approaches to visual scaffolding design principles are rare. This study aims to develop visual scaffolding design principles and guidelines in a web-based learning environment through a literature review. The specific visual scaffolding design principles regarding objects are 1) the spatial organization of information, 2) coaching, modelling, and mentoring, 3) explication of the task structure, 4) explication of the process, 5) explication of the cognitive process, 6) explication of understanding, 7) metacognitive prompts. In terms of visuals, the principles drawn are 8) ensuring visibility, coupling, and usability, 9) the use of appropriate visuals, 10) proximity and simplicity of the display, 11) spatial organization of the toolset. The principles regarding the learners are 12) consideration of different learners, and 13) manipulation of support and use. The limitations and future research directions are discussed.

This study proposes methods to enhance the efficiency of setting and executing personal life goals by applying visual information design principles to life planning. Through theoretical exploration based on the conceptual model of the “Life Roadmap,” the study suggests that the following elements can effectively structure complex and abstract life goals in a clear and systematic way in the life planning process: 1) a linear hierarchical representation of intermediate goals based on a geometric sequence, 2) an integrated visual framework that arranges intermediate goals and bucket lists in a vertical parallel structure, and 3) incorporation of visual narrative design elements. Among these, a novel method of integrating bucket lists into the “Life Roadmap” was found to significantly maximize motivation and a sense of achievement in the goal attainment process. Additionally, it was confirmed that visual design elements stimulating prospective memory positively impact long-term goal achievement by clarifying the relationship between goals and actions. In conclusion, the “Life Roadmap” applying visual information design principles presents potential as a practical tool for enhancing goal setting and achievement capabilities, with broad applications in the fields of self-development and goal management.

Visual design, which bridges the gap between content and formal language, is an important communication tool that strengthens communication. In this study, it is aimed to analyse the covers of Mimarlık journal, the publication organ of the Chamber of Architects of Turkey, in the context of visual design principles. In the data collection phase, document scanning from qualitative techniques was performed and 118 journal covers constitute the sample of the study. In the selection of the sample, the first and last issue of each year were included in the study in order to determine the representations related to the year of publication and to allow comparison of stylistic changes. In the analysis of the data, content analyses were carried out in line with the principles of visual design. The visual elements on the journal covers were thematically coded and scored. Period comparisons were made by revealing the formal continuity and break points with the coding. Then, descriptive statistical analyses were performed by calculating the percentage distributions of the visual types and contents on the journal covers. As a result, in the representation of journal covers with visual design principles, the first 20-year period in which the journal started its publishing life stands out.

E-commerce platforms face the challenge of enabling customers to assess the utility of products in their intended environments, particularly in the home furniture sector. Augmented Reality (AR) presents a promising solution, with major companies like IKEA, Wayfair, and Overstock introducing AR applications. Nevertheless, a significant knowledge gap exists, prompting this research to delve into this void and scrutinize the economic value of AR in shaping consumers' Willingness to Pay (WTP) in the context of online auctions. This dissertation comprises three interconnected papers that collectively scrutinize the multifaceted impacts of AR on consumers' WTP in the specific realm of online auctions. The first paper investigates the influence of Augmented Reality (AR) in mobile e-commerce on consumers' perceived risks and WTP in online auctions. Grounded in perceived risk theory, the study addresses Perceived Psychological Risk, Perceived Social Risk, and Perceived Performance Risk. An online experiment involving 61 participants compared AR mobile e-commerce with a 3D mobile e-commerce interface, and data analysis utilized SPSS and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that AR Mobile E-commerce significantly reduces perceived social risk, positively affecting WPT. However, AR in Mobile E-commerce does not substantially mitigate perceived psychological risk, and this risk dimension does not significantly affect WPT. Similarly, AR in Mobile E-commerce positively influences the reduction of perceived performance risk, but this risk dimension does not significantly influence WPT. Mediation analysis suggests that perceived social risk plays a crucial role as a mediator between AR in Mobile E-commerce and consumers' WPT. The second paper explores the impact of AR on consumers' WTP in an online auction context within mobile e-commerce, drawing on the experiential hierarchy model (EHM). The study posits that AR positively influences consumers' WTP compared to 3D product displays, triggering affective (enjoyment) and cognitive (perceived ownership and perceived product quality) responses, which subsequently influence behavioral responses (willingness to pay more). Analysis of 61 valid responses through PLS-SEM and SPSS 29 reveals that AR significantly enhances consumers' perceived enjoyment and perceived product quality, positively impacting their willingness to pay. However, perceived ownership does not directly affect willingness to pay. Demographic factors such as age, gender, purchase frequency, and income do not have a direct influence. Mediation analysis suggests that perceived enjoyment, perceived product quality, and perceived ownership do not significantly mediate the relationship between AR and WTP. The third paper addresses the lack of standardized AR application guidelines for e-commerce. Using sentiment analysis of 1,049 user reviews of the IKEA Place App, this study reveals predominant dissatisfaction with the app, leading to the development of a comprehensive set of AR mobile e-commerce design guidelines. The research also compares AR mobile e-commerce with traditional 3D versions, finding a statistically significant difference in usability, with the AR version considered more usable. However, there was no significant correlation between usability scores and participants' willingness to pay on both platforms. This study sheds light on AR's potential and challenges in e-commerce, offering insights into enhancing user experience and economic outcomes. In conclusion, this dissertation contributes to the understanding of how AR impacts consumers' WTP in the context of online auctions within e-commerce, addressing perceived risks, experiential responses, and design guidelines. These findings offer valuable insights for e-commerce businesses seeking to harness AR's potential to enhance the shopping experience and drive revenue growth.

Pre-school books are one of the indispensable materials of education life, even though technology has been developed, preschool books are still among the fundamental building blocks of education and it can be said that it will continue in the future. Preschool teachers' evaluation of 4-6 year old preschool books for Visual Design principles was aimed by pre-school teacher candidates. In the study, "Graphic / Visual Design Principles Scale for Textbooks" Alpan (2004), which is a visual design scale, was used. The scoring of the scale was calculated as 2 points for the "Yes" option, 1 point for the "Partial" option and 0 points for the "No" option. The data obtained as a result of the research were evaluated by scoring between 1-10. According to the results obtained from the results of the evaluation of the prospective teachers, it has been concluded that the books have different averages according to the scale dimensions, but are quite suitable in terms of general lines.

The purpose of this study is to discuss approaches for developing human–computer interaction (HCI) in educational technology (ET) based on definitions of visual design, learning variables and user-interface design principles in the field of instructional design and technology (IDT). We will do in several stages, first, we will review historical definitions of HCI and its developments in education and considerations for defining visual literacy for learning with instructional design (ID) models. Then, we will review each definition of visual principles for user interface design (UID) or user experience design (UED) and learning from screens. HCI and its roles with the perceptional approach will be discussed as previous definitions in the type of theories such as cognitive load, activity and paying particular attention to primary concepts included in each definition based on the ID model approach. We will also present some of the historical criticisms of the definitions, which provided designing and developing user interfaces. The process should indicate or address possible performance design approaches in ID steps for developing learning and teaching in learning environments as well as developing UID or UED in ET. This also indicates approaches in philosophy of ET and its theory, definition and applications of new technologies as well as UID or UED perspectives and visual design variables. In this study, we review the visual design techniques from past to present that multimedia project design teams should follow the strategies and rules for designing learning environments in industry, business and military based on philosophy of ET and HCI design with ID models by using the newest technologies. The process compares both understanding global UID or UED requirements and visual strategies and considerations for research and product design by ID models. The steps include recognising terminology in ET practice concept, psychological, technological and pedagogical foundations in ID as well as ET approaches and using visual rules for conducting multimedia projects in last decays. At the end of the study, conceptions of ET, ID models and HCI will be discussing to indicate design standards for multimedia projects in the field of IDT. We will also present the relationships between ET and designing problems for creating instructional materials in education. All steps in visual design, UID, UED and HCI design based on philosophical approaches and evaluations in the field are given at the end of the study. Keywords: User interface design, visual designs, human–computer interaction (HCI), user experience design, educational technology, IDT

Objective to study the application of interactive design in product packaging, interactive packaging design method based on emotional experience, Guide the practice of packaging design. Method Combined with the actual design case study, it describes the three different types and characteristics of emotional experience in packaging design, and summarizes the design principle of interactive packaging based on the emotional experience from four aspects. The application of interactive design and innovation in packaging design can give users a better emotional experience, it will increase the added value of the product and brand recognition, and provide the theoretical basis for the packaging designers.

This paper aims to analyze the human-computer interaction design and transformation mode from the instinct, action and reflection of cultural creative product design through the integration and application of interactive design in cultural creative design, and establish product modeling image model and cultural creative design.

The opening of the museum enriched the people's daily cultural life,and the way of exhibition also experienced the process of static,dynamic and interactive experience.In the Internet+, high-tech electronic information age,museum interactive design is an inevitable trend.From the perspective of the audience,interactive design combined with the psychological and physiological characteristics of the audience.Interactive design not only can let visitors enjoy the sense of visual, auditory,tactile and other multi-sensory experience, but also let the audience interact with the exhibits experience through body movements.Those aroused the audience's active participation, inspire the audience to observe and think, spread knowledge and information easily,to make the audience obtain new knowledge in the interaction.

The rapid development of the Augmented Reality (AR) technology has brought new possibilities regarding the enhancement of user experiences in various industries, and the retail will be one of the first to receive it. In this paper, the research questions are put regarding the application of AR in shopping malls to provide a hotel and interactive shopping experience. The AR technology applied to mobile applications and smart devices will assist customers with visualization of the products in 3D and information superimposition in real-time, and give AR instructions that will guide the customers through the intricate plans of the mall floor. The proposed system will also enable retailers to find new methods of interactive marketing, advertise customized promotion and devise methods of customer engagement. An AR system prototype was developed then tested in a simulated mall environment to assess the enhancement of user experience, navigational outcomes, and product engagement. The findings suggest the system is beneficial to enhancing user satisfaction in the mall, navigating better, and entail greater promotion content engagement. This research demonstrates how AR can improve user experience in malls, create more foot traffic into a mall, and provide insights through data for shoppers, retailers, and mall operators. Future research will be conducted on scalability options for the AR system, integration with wearable AR devices for real-time analytics that will improve the experience of a smart retail environment.

With the rapid development of digital society, augmented reality technologies are creating rich and engaging user experiences that are changing the way information is transmitted. As a key element in conveying information, telling stories, and constructing user experiences, the visual narrative design of the text is facing the challenge of moving from a traditional medium to a digital interactive medium. In the context of augmented reality, many researchers have focused on how to effectively use text for visual narrative design to create appealing visuals with clear and easy-to-read messages and themes. This paper examines the characteristics and functions of different types of text from the perspective of visual narrative, taking the origin, development, and construction of text as the starting point. Based on the properties of augmented reality technology, a model of textual visual narrative design strategy applicable to interactive application scenarios is constructed. Based on the theoretical study, an evaluation is carried out with actual augmented reality interaction design cases. Based on user feedback and the effectiveness of the design cases, the design model is optimized and improved to ensure that augmented reality technology can bring immersive and imaginative interaction experiences to the visual narrative design of text. This study helps to deeply understand the inner logic and process of textual visual narrative, enrich and expand its application theory in the field of interaction, improve the efficiency and visual effect of textual information dissemination, and provide some guidance and reference for the future development of the textual narrative.

Prosthetic abandonment is highly prevalent among upper extremity amputees (UEA), partly due to lack of engaging and motivating training to use their devices. Augmented reality (AR) systems can be used for rehabilitation, and are advantageous because they offer stimulating, goal-oriented experiences for participants to immerse themselves in while performing repetitive tasks to improve function. Thus, in this study, the effects of a novel AR prosthetic training game, and the transfer of skills to a functional rehabilitation performance assessment involving tasks of daily living were investigated. Thirty-two able-bodied participants, sixteen allocated to receive AR training and sixteen received no training, donned a bypass body-powered prosthetic device to engage in a functional task assessment, evaluated at two time points. The AR group used the bypass prosthesis to engage in the AR training game, ARm-Strong, on each of three training sessions. AR group participants completed a questionnaire at the end of the intervention to evaluate their feelings on the AR game. On average, individuals in the AR group were significantly more efficient at using the bypass prosthesis to complete functional tasks compared to the control group, however, the rate of improvement was similar between groups. Individuals who engaged in the AR training felt positive feelings of engagement, engrossment, and immersion towards the application although the impression of immersion was significantly less than that of engagement and engrossment. The results of this study support previous findings that AR training is an engaging and motivating experience, and motor learning can be achieved through this type of training. Future implications of the results may benefit prosthesis users by enhancing user experience during prosthetic training and ultimately lead to better rehabilitation and overall adherence to the use of the prosthetic device.

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the impact, effectiveness, and future prospects of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in educational settings. The primary objective was to explore how these immersive technologies are reshaping learning and teaching landscapes. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis methodology, the research analyzed recent scholarly articles and reports from 2014 to 2024, focusing on AR/VR applications in education. The findings reveal that AR and VR significantly enhance learning experiences by offering immersive, interactive, and engaging environments. These technologies have been shown to improve student engagement, knowledge retention, and skill development. AR enriches traditional educational materials by overlaying digital information onto the real world, while VR facilitates experiential learning in virtual environments. However, challenges such as high costs, technical infrastructure requirements, and content development complexities were identified as barriers to widespread adoption. The study predicts a future where AR and VR technologies will continue to evolve, focusing on enhancing user experience, improving accessibility, and integrating seamlessly into educational curricula. Recommendations for stakeholders, including educators, administrators, and policymakers, emphasize the need for investment in infrastructure, educator training, content development, and collaboration with technology companies. Lastly, AR and VR technologies hold great promise for transforming educational practices. Addressing current challenges and leveraging opportunities will be key to realizing their full potential in enhancing teaching and learning experiences. Continued research and innovation in this field are essential for the effective integration of AR and VR in education. Keywords: Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Educational Technology, Immersive Learning.