Academy of Social and Economic Development

This article investigates the role of women scientists in the Republic of Armenia, specifying their involvement and impact on the scientific community. The study is conducted from the dual perspective of biographical data (regarding age, title, academic position) and bibliometric data (regarding publications produced and respective citations). Through the lists provided by the Armenian Higher Education and Science Committee (HESC) and compiled by the Center for Scientific Information Analysis and Monitoring (CSIAM), academic biographical information on female scientists working in research organizations/institutions in the Republic of Armenia was identified. In addition, bibliometric data on the respective publications and citations were collected using the Web of Science database. Armenian women scientists make up nearly 52% of researchers in Armenia, significantly exceeding the global average of 30%. They are primarily engaged in the humanities and social sciences, chemistry, medicine and biology. While the number of women holding Ph.D. degrees has increased, women scientists with the title of so-called doctor of science still remain a minority. Women are underrepresented in leading scientific positions (heads of departments, laboratories, institutions, etc.,). The number of WoS Core Collection publications by women scientists in Armenia has increased almost ninefold since 1991 and women have (co-) authored almost 27% of the totality of publications. Women scientists mostly published their articles as members of research teams. This investigation can help to understand the overall development of the role and share of women scientists in Armenia and, by analogy, also in different corners of the world.

The article examines the subjective factors of psychological readiness of employees of the penal system to resist manipulation. The results of an empirical study of the assertiveness of of the penal systems employees at the stage of university training and during their professional activities are presented. The psychological features of the Self-concept of employees of the penal enforcement system are shown. The study involved 75 employees of the penal correction system who study under higher education programs at the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia at the Faculties of Law, Economics, and Psychology and Probation, and 70 employees of the Federal Penitentiary Institution «Correctional colony No. 2» of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Ryazan region, who carry out their professional activities in the security department, at the center for labor adaptation of convicts, in the department of educational work with convicts. The psychodiagnostic tools selected for the study make it possible to measure and analyze those personal qualities of the respondents that ensure their psychological readiness to resist manipulation by convicts. The study used the test questionnaire "Assertiveness Research" (modified by V. Kaponi, T.Novak) and the questionnaire "Self-assessment research using the Demo-Rubinstein method" (modified by A.M.Parishioners). The directions of psychological support for the process of developing anti-manipulative behavior skills are substantiated: expanding the zone of awareness regarding one's own values and beliefs, emotions and feelings; developing emotional intelligence, the ability to manage one's emotions; developing critical thinking; strengthening self-esteem, developing internal pillars of employees.

The article presents the results of the analysis, systematization and generalization of the best practices of countries with developed economies in the field of social entrepreneurship development.The features of the models of social entrepreneurship development in the countries of North America and the British Commonwealth, the European Union, as well as the experience of participation of international organizations, development institutions and private foundations in the development of social entrepreneurial initiatives in African, Asian and Latin American countries with developing economies are determined.The advantages of the Italian model of social entrepreneurship based on the cooperative movement are substantiated.It is determined that the positive experience of Italy is actively used by other European countries, in particular Spain and France.

The problem of selecting citizens for admission to the police service is being worked out in almost all countries of the world. The process of selection for the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is a fairly widely developed area of ​​science. In Latin American countries, these studies are at the stage of active development. The subject of this article is the optimization of the system of selection of citizens admitted to training at the Nicaraguan Police Academy. The purpose of the study is to develop a program for the psychological selection of citizens for training at the Nicaraguan Police Academy. To achieve the goal of the study, the expert assessment method was used. Mathematical statistics, quantitative and qualitative analysis were used in the processing of empirical data. 30 psychologists of the National Police of Nicaragua (73% were women and 27% were men) acted as respondents in the expert survey. It is shown that the selection of citizens for the National Police of Nicaragua should be optimized in the direction of developing the psychological part of this process. Optimization should be carried out by updating psychometric tests, including methods for assessing the mental health of candidates; inclusion in the interview protocol of parameters for assessing the psychiatric history in the family environment, as well as organizing additional training and feedback on the results of their work for psychologists upon hiring.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between stress and mental health of teachers of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The subject of this study was the mental health of teachers of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The study was carried out on the basis of the cultural-historical, activity-based and resource-based methodological approaches of psychology (L. S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontiev, P. Ya. Galperin, D. B. Elkonin, etc.). In the process of conducting the research, the following methods were used: formal logical analysis, generalizations, diagnostic (psychological test methods for assessing stress resistance and neuropsychic adaptation), quantitative (statistical) and qualitative (differentiation of material by groups, options), as well as methods of mathematical statistics with using computer statistical packages of the SPSS program. The respondents were 40 representatives of the teaching staff of educational institutions of higher education aged 30-45 years with 10-20 years of work experience. It has been revealed that the mental health of teachers is determined, first of all, by their susceptibility to organizational stress, which affects the manifestation of a state of maladjustment and mental discomfort. The study determined the characteristics of susceptibility to organizational stress of teachers of the educational organization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia; Differences were identified in the degree of exposure to the negative consequences of stress between certified teachers and civilian teachers. A significant connection between the level of neuropsychic adaptation and the level of assessment of organizational stress was revealed. The training program for preserving mental health and self-development of the teaching staff of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is justified; It has been shown that susceptibility to organizational stress, the level of psychological stress, and the severity of stress factors are higher in the group of teachers at civilian universities; in terms of the degree of exposure to the negative consequences of stress, the groups of certified teachers dominate the group of civilians; The mental health of professionals is determined, first of all, by their susceptibility to organizational stress, which affects the manifestation of a state of maladjustment and mental discomfort.

Aim. To identify and compare the assessments given to the women’s issue and women’s movement in Russia by domestic researchers of the second half of the 19th century – 1917.Metodology. The analysis of historiographical sources, represented by scientific monographs, articles, reviews and surveys, is made in accordance with the principles of historicism and objectivity. The study applies a complex analysis and treats the women’s issue and the women’s movement as unique social phenomena, covering the historical features of their origin and evolution and the system of values.Results. The article studies positions of domestic researchers on the main issues of history of the women’s issue and women’s movement in Russia – chronology, creation and evolution, the main historiographical and discussion problems.Research implications. The article analyzes the main viewpoints of the leading Russian researchers, which can be used in the study of the historiography of social and political life of the Russian Empire of the second half of the 19th century – 1917.

The article presents the results of soil assessment using a bioindicator -germination of oats in room conditions.The task included sowing seeds and monitoring the dynamics of plant growth and development.The work of a team of two people ("B" and "A") was carried out on the territory of the Industry Agricultural Business Incubator, as well as at the home of each team member.As a result of the research, the following was noted.The shoots were unfriendly.Phytotoxicity coefficients showed that the cleanest point chosen for sampling was calculated to be the dirtiest of all.The seeds that grew best were those planted in the soil from the first (dirtiest) point; they had 100 % germination.As a result of seed germination, data was obtained that indicated that oats, with due attention, can grow equally in different soil conditions, perhaps this is due to the unpretentiousness of this plant or the insufficient distance between soil sampling points.

ABSTRACT In this paper, two competing hypotheses of the origin of the military conflict are considered: the empire’s aggression against a former colony and the possibility of a civil war within Ukraine. The paper describes theoretical models for both scenarios and compares the factors and characteristics of the two stages of this war with these models. The within-case analysis for Russia and Ukraine shows a high probability of the colonial nature of the war. This conclusion not only informs a correct assessment of Russian aggression but also holds practical importance for developing methods to overcome the consequences of this war.

The relevance of the study is due to the need to comprehend and use the results of long-term activity of state institutions for the training of qualified specialists of internal affairs bodies. The article examines the activities of the courses for senior and junior policemen formed in 1923 in the Donetsk province, their classes were conducted according to the program of the Main Militia of the Ukrainian SSR. The level of responsibility and interest of the NKVD in the sphere of the educational process of the formed provincial militia courses is shown. The problems of material, educational and methodological support of the provincial militia courses, as well as the shortage of teaching staff in the main disciplines, are analyzed. The purpose of the study is to study and summarize the historical experience of the NKVD-MIA of the RSFSR, the USSR on the organization, as well as the legal regulation of professional training and professional education of militia personnel. Methodological basis of the study is the institutional approach, which is traditional in the study of the history of state-legal systems, combined with elements of historical and logical methods. Research results. The authors come to the conclusion that the militia courses played a significant role in the formation of professional skills, as well as the quality of militia personnel in Donbass during the studied period. The study materials can be useful for practitioners in the organization of educative work with cadets and students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Statistical data on the death/injury of children and certain problematic aspects of complex safety confirm the urgency of an immediate change in attitude and turning to the problem of child safety. Currently, due to the emerging challenges of reality, the attention of citizens, society and the state is particularly focused on the problems of child safety. The authors consider the issues of the features of the processes associated with the low psychological readiness to act in extreme situations of teachers / educators and children, the lack of algorithms to ensure the safety of various categories of students and pupils. Some algorithms for improving efficiency in the process of teaching and raising children, information and communication technologies, and the introduction of artificial intelligence in the field of educational environment security are proposed. The responsibility of heads of educational organizations for non-compliance with security measures is highlighted. The role of interaction of services ensuring public safety is emphasized.