Психологические основы системы отбора граждан поступивших на обучение в полицейскую академию Никарагуа

At the present stage of higher education development, a qualimetric approach to the organization of monitoring the readiness of university students and graduates to perform professional tasks is actively developing within the framework of the internal education quality assessment system. The use of pedagogical qualimetry technologies, and in particular, the method of expert assessments, makes it possible to standardize and algorithmize diagnostic measures aimed at assessing the formation of students” competencies at different stages of their development of basic educational programs of higher education. This approach is also relevant in assessing the quality of subject-methodical training of students, future teachers of mathematics, in the aspect of learning to work in the context of the development of the paradigm of education individualization. Within the framework of the research, a criterion model for assessing the level of special methodological training of students and future teachers has been proposed, and quantitative indicators of the formation of professional competencies have been developed based on the allocation of cognitive, activity and motivational-value components in their structure. At the same time, the weighting coefficients of the significance of each quantitative indicator in the proposed model are determined based on the method of group expert assessments. In the course of the research conducted at the Oryol State University named after I.S. Turgenev the application of qualimetric technologies was tested in the development of criterion models of competencies and the design of assessment tools to assess the level of professional competencies formation of students enrolled in specialized bachelor”s and master”s degree programs. As part of the pedagogical experiment, the diagnostic measures were carried out to assess the level of professional competencies formation of future teachers and their readiness to solve special tasks of pedagogical activity aimed at the development and support of schoolchildren with pronounced mathematical abilities.

Web application development from simple web pages to complex interactive platforms (including social networks, e-commerce systems, corporate portals) requires new approaches, tools and technologies. JavaScript libraries and frameworks play a special role in developing web applications, simplifying the creation of effective, scalable, and convenient interfaces. The purpose of the article is to research the problems and prospects of using React in combination with Redux when creating web applications with a complex structure, to assess the advantages of their joint use in comparison with similar tools and to develop the web application “FarmerProducts”. The research methodology consists of the main methodological approaches and technological tools for developing web applications. Such methods, in particular, are: system and comparative analysis – to identify the features of creating web applications; method of expert assessments, which involves the study of literary sources and information resources, conducting interviews and surveys of experts, as well as the processes of developing and testing scalable and high-performance web applications based on the use of React and Redux. The scientific novelty of the research is the analysis of modern tools (React, Angular, Vue. js) for developing web applications, identifying problems and prospects for their use, creating an author’s web application (using React and Redux), which includes an intuitive interface, a flexible database, simplifying the process of working with the application by using a stack of modern technologies. Conclusions. The paper analyses the problems and prospects of using modern web application development tools; focuses on React, which is suitable for different projects; conducts a comparative analysis of React with Angular, Vue. js and Svelte, identifies their main characteristics, advantages, disadvantages; demonstrates the dependence of the choice of tools on the project context (React in combination with Redux can provide an optimal balance between performance, flexibility and scalability); describes the author’s web application – the FarmerProducts online store; identifies further ways to improve this web application.

Monitoring of financial activity is one of the key functions of enterprise management, because it, in particular, ensures control of current costs and income; contributes to the analysis of the financial state of the enterprise; supports planning of future financial flows. The purpose of the article is the research of information systems for monitoring the financial activity of enterprises, the identification of problems of financial activity, the analysis of the ways of using the appropriate software and the development of the system for monitoring the financial activity of enterprises. The research methods are the main methodological approaches and technological tools for the development of financial monitoring systems. Such methods, in particular, are: systematic and comparative analyzes – to identify the peculiarities of the creation of systems for monitoring the financial activity of enterprises; the method of expert assessments, which involves the analysis of literary sources and information resources, conducting interviews and surveys of experts, as well as the processes of development and testing of scalable and high-performance financial monitoring systems. The novelty of the research is the creation of a complex system for monitoring financial activity, which includes an intuitive interface, a flexible database and the ability to generate various reports, giving users the opportunity to effectively manage their financial data, simplifying the process of entering, editing and analyzing information through the use of a stack of modern technologies. The conclusion of the research carried out in the article is that the work was: identified the main problems of monitoring the financial activity of enterprises, which are solved with the help of modern financial monitoring systems; an analysis of existing software solutions was carried out; the advantages and disadvantages of the existing software for monitoring the financial activities of enterprises were analyzed; the main so-called «bottlenecks» of the automation of financial monitoring, which need to be solved, have been identified. On the basis of the conducted analysis, an author’s system for monitoring the company’s financial activity was developed, focused on ease of use and efficiency of financial data management. The development of the software of the author’s system included: the selection of the appropriate technological stack; system architecture development; implementation of basic functional modules (for example, such as transaction management, categories and reports); system database development; system interface development. The results of the conducted research open up new opportunities for improving financial management and making informed decisions based on the received data.

The issues of improving the process of assessing and managing personnel risks are relevant for many modern industrial organizations due to an increase in the level of social tension and destructive conflict in the organizational environment. The article deals with the problem of improving the methods for assessing and managing the personnel risks of an industrial organization in modern socio-economic conditions. The authors of the article adhere to the hypothesis that the personnel risk management strategy is a necessary element of the personnel policy of a modern organization. The purpose of the study is to develop practical recommendations for the implementation of methods for identifying and assessing personnel risks arising in the course of the labor activity of personnel of industrial organizations. The object of the study is the methods for assessing the personnel risks of an industrial organization. As an empirical material, the analysis of scientific publications of Russian scientists on the research problem was carried out. The article analyzes practical tasks, the solution of which is aimed at improving the personnel risk management system on the example of industrial organizations in the oil and gas industry. The study (2023) used empirical methods: observation, survey; identification and assessment of the risks of the personnel management system and the risks of personnel behavior; expert survey. The assessment of personnel risks was carried out on the basis of the method of expert assessments of employees of an industrial organization in the oil and gas industry. The heads of the personnel management service and security officers of the industrial organization acted as experts. Based on the method of expert assessments, the significance and probability of the occurrence of risks are assessed, a profile of personnel risks is built, and the most significant personnel risks that create threats to the personnel security of an industrial organization are identified. Practical recommendations for the assessment and management of personnel risks of an industrial organization are presented.

This article is devoted to the author’s methodology for assessing the innovative activity of an enterprise aimed at integrating quantitative and qualitative indicators. This technique will allow you to more accurately reflect the level of innovation activity, identify the main factors affecting the effectiveness of innovation implementation, as well as form a strategy for further development. The paper considers the key elements of the proposed methodology. The results of the study can be applied in the practice of industrial enterprise management. The methodology can be used by state statistical agencies to monitor and evaluate the innovative activities of industrial enterprises. The implementation of this methodology can contribute to a deeper understanding of the processes associated with innovation and support informed management decisions. The methodological base of the study includes methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, statistical analysis, factor analysis, and methods of expert assessments.

Introduction. The professional preferences of adolescents with intellectual disabilities re-quire special attention in the prospects of work on their socialization. Teachers develop and shape the skills and abilities that are available to the adolescent to assert themselves in their chosen profession. At the same time, when choosing each profession to be mastered by a student with intellectual disabilities, it is necessary to understand the peculiarities of their professional preferences. The relevance of issues in this area determined the content of our research. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of professional preferences of adolescents with intellectual disabilities when mastering the profession of sewing equipment operator and to develop recommendations designed to help in mastering the skills required in the profession. Materials and methods. The study involved 28 students enrolled in the vocational training program 16185 sewing equipment operator (OSHO) for people with intellectual disabilities aged 16 to 20 years, groups OSHO-21 and OSHO-22. All students enrolled in the college after graduating from a special correctional school or correctional classes of secondary schools. The following methods and techniques were used in the study: the method of theoretical analysis of scientific, special and psychological-pedagogical literature, the study and generalization of pedagogical experience, the analysis of research results; empirical methods: the method of expert assessment, pedagogical experiment, the method of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results. The study revealed the peculiarities of professional preferences, which made it possible not only to determine and understand the correspondence of adolescents’ abilities and interests to the profession but also to identify their problems: in mastering hand sewing tools and in the process of laying out patterns. The groups of subjects were described. The prerequisites for mastering the profession of sewing equipment operator among the adolescents in the experimental group are identified. Conclusion. Based on the identified difficulties in mastering professional skills and abilities in adolescents with intellectual disabilities, the components of the professional sphere necessary for their further development in the learning process were determined. On this basis, differentiated recommendations were developed for the students to master professional skills and abilities in the following areas: theoretical, communicative and vocational.

Introduction. The article considers the process of forming decisions aimed to ensure the quality and effectiveness of events, which should be considered as a system of interconnected elements (factors) that can affect the holding of mass events. Carrying out of actions taking into account the factor signs influencing processes of advancement, the organization and carrying out of event actions on system of economic, information and social indicators, allows to establish interdependencies and to define in quantitative expression separate relations and combinations of influential factors. Analytical methods and economic-mathematical models are used for factor analysis. The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of event tourism events, by implementing the correct choice and variation of factors in the implementation of organizational processes. The methodological and informational basis of the article are scientific and theoretical works of scientists on research and analysis of expert evaluation methods. During the research we analyzed the methods of examination that can be used in assessing the processes of creating and promoting events. All these methods include: the method of expert evaluation “psychological experiment”, the method of survey, quantitative and qualitative evaluations of experts, direct quantitative evaluation, intermediate method, Churchman-Akoff method, von Neumann-Morgenstern method, lottery method and more. The study did not identify examples of the use of factor analysis in assessing the processes of creating and promoting events. In order to form decisions on the creation and implementation of tourist events, a roadmap of phased decision-making has been developed, and this allows to form the most effective solutions with rational use of resources and determine the conditions for reducing the risks of tourist events. Having studied the above methods, it was for the first time proposed to combine two, method namely, the method of expert assessments and the method of survey, all this will provide a complete detailed description of the factor influence on the creation and passage of the event.

Based on the comprehensive research conducted on the territory of the Samara region using qualitative and quantitative methods (questionnaire, expert survey), the authors have developed the model of forming the innovative openness of the population, which has three key elements: development, testing and modification of ideas and innovation in practice. The authors propose a three-level model for the formation of innovative openness of the population. At the development stage, the authors suggest the use of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the created innovations. Quantitative analysis, according to the authors, will optimize the functioning of social institutions, and qualitative-to answer the question: whether innovation meets the needs of the population. In addition, the authors develop a model for filtering innovations, which involves the analysis of innovations from the standpoint of information accessibility, compliance with the needs of the population, trust, technical and methodological accessibility, ease of use, convenience. At the third stage – the stage of innovation implementation – the authors pay special attention to the formation of openness of the population to the introduced innovations. The process of spreading innovations from the innovative open to the innovative closed population is described in detail. The authors formulate a set of necessary recommendations aimed at reducing the resistance to innovation on the part of the population, reducing the number of "non-working" innovations, increasing public awareness of innovations.

The purpose of the research is to determine the characteristics of changes in the types of competitive readiness of judokas at different stages of long-term sports training. Methods and organization of the research. The work used the method of expert assessment and video analysis to determine the type of competitive readiness of judokas based on technical and tactical characteristics and the predominant physical qualities that judoists demonstrated during competitive duels. The study involved more than 1000 judokas who participated in the Olympic Games, the World, European and Russian championships, the championships of Russia, the Volga Federal District and All-Russian competitions. The study was conducted on the basis of the Municipal Budgetary Institution of Additional Education "Sports School" Judo and Sambo" and the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Tchaikovsky State Physical Education and Sports Academy" in the period from 2020 to 2022. Results and discussion. The results of the study provide an analysis of the ratio of competitive readiness types, taking into account the predominant performance of technical and tactical actions by judokas at the stages of long-term development of sports mastery. In addition, the peculiarities of the correlation of the types of competitive fitness are revealed, taking into account the predominant manifestation of physical qualities in judoists at the stages of long-term development of sports skills. Conclusion. The presented data can allow for the targeted development of judokas of various types at each stage of long-term sports training with a focus on achieving a fused, combined (based on the predominant manifestation of technical and tactical actions) and universal (with the predominant manifestation of physical qualities) type.

This article discusses the features of the criminal law impact applied to minors, which is annually about 80-85%.
 In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of June 24, 1999 No. 120 (as amended on April 24, 2020) “On the Fundamentals of the System for the Prevention of Neglect and Juvenile Delinquency”, individual preventive work with adolescents is an integral part of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency. The implementation of this work is within the terms of reference of the commissions for minors and the protection of their rights, internal affairs bodies, social protection of the population, education, guardianship and guardianship, health care, employment services, culture, and sports. Penitentiary inspections (hereinafter referred to as CII) conduct it among minors sentenced to punishment without imprisonment. In the implementation of this work, it is very important, in our opinion, that the teenager is not left without attention of any of the institutions of prevention, only joint well-coordinated long-term work can lead to effective results. It is also important that a teenager not be left without the attention of society, the immediate and distant environment, youth and public organizations.
 The purpose of the study: to study the socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of juvenile convicts with different periods of being registered with the penitentiary institution.
 The subject of the study is the socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of minors with different periods of being registered with the PII.
 The methodological foundations of the study were scientific works on the study of the personality of convicts at various stages of serving their sentences were studied by V.G. Deev, N.A. Polyanin, A.A. Istomin, V.F. Moskalenko, A.I. Papkin, D.V. Sochivko and others.
 Research methods:
 - test questionnaire "Individual psychological questionnaire" (ITO) L.V. Sobchik;
 - test questionnaire "Life Style Index" (LSI) R. Pluchek,
 G. Kellerman, G. Conte;
 - a technique for assessing the level of volitional self-control (VSC) E.V. Eidman, A.G. Zverkova;
 – methodology “Motivation for success and fear of failure” by A.A. Reana;
 - the method of "Meaningful Orientations" (SZHO) A.N. Leontiev;
 – an author's questionnaire on the study of the socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of juvenile convicts registered with the penitentiary institution.
 Theoretical significance of the study: lies in the generalization of the socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of juvenile convicts with different periods of being registered with penitentiary inspections.
 The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the data obtained can be used in the work of psychologists in order to prevent deviant behavior of adolescents.
 The basis of the empirical study was made up of juvenile convicts registered in the penitentiary institution in the amount of 62 people.

Обсуждается, что одним из видов профессиональной деятельности выпускника бакалавриата по направлению подготовки 44.03.04 «Профессиональное обучение (по отраслям)» является научно-исследовательская деятельность, которая регламентирована Федеральным государственным образовательным стандартом (ФГОС). В рамках данной деятельности выпускник должен быть готов участвовать в различных исследованиях по проблемам подготовки рабочих, служащих и специалистов среднего звена. Для повышения качества научно-педагогических исследований в них интенсивно используются методы теории вероятностей и математической статистики. Результаты обучения студентов бакалавриата во ФГОС представлены в терминах компетентностного подхода, и поэтому их невозможно измерить. Отсутствие измерителей результатов подготовки студентов по дисциплине «Математические методы в педагогических исследованиях» не позволяет установить соответствие подготовки будущего педагога-исследователя заданным требования ФГОС. Представлена таксономическая модель математических компетенций студентов бакалавриата будущих педагогов-исследователей, перечень которых разработан методом групповых экспертных оценок. Модель предусматривает формирование трех групп математических компетенций: базовых, методологических, креативных. Каждая группа математических компетенций представлена деятельностными и когнитивными составляющими. Иерархическая структура математических компетенций соответствует модели их формирования. Предложенный перечень математических компетенций является обобщенным. Для реализации целей диагностики степени сформированности компетенции необходимо конкретизировать их в контексте определенной темы данной дисциплины. Рассмотренная модель математических компетенций позволяет конкретизировать цели обучения, формулировать рекомендации для оптимального формирования системы компетенций, оптимизировать процесс обучения студентов.

BackgroundTrypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma vivax is one of the diseases threatening the health and productivity of livestock in Africa and Latin America. Trypanosoma vivax is mainly transmitted by tsetse flies; however, the parasite has also acquired the ability to be transmitted mechanically by hematophagous dipterans. Understanding its distribution, host range and prevalence is a key step in local and global efforts to control the disease.MethodsThe study was conducted according to the methodological recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. A systematic literature search was conducted on three search engines, namely PubMed, Scopus and CAB Direct, to identify all publications reporting natural infection of T. vivax across the world. All the three search engines were screened using the search term Trypanosoma vivax without time and language restrictions. Publications on T. vivax that met our inclusion criteria were considered for systematic review and meta-analysis.ResultThe study provides a global database of T. vivax, consisting of 899 records from 245 peer-reviewed articles in 41 countries. A total of 232, 6277 tests were performed on 97 different mammalian hosts, including a wide range of wild animals. Natural infections of T. vivax were recorded in 39 different African and Latin American countries and 47 mammalian host species. All the 245 articles were included into the qualitative analysis, while information from 186 cross-sectional studies was used in the quantitative analysis mainly to estimate the pooled prevalence. Pooled prevalence estimates of T. vivax in domestic buffalo, cattle, dog, dromedary camel, equine, pig, small ruminant and wild animals were 30.6%, 6.4%, 2.6%, 8.4%, 3.7%, 5.5%, 3.8% and 12.9%, respectively. Stratified according to the diagnostic method, the highest pooled prevalences were found with serological techniques in domesticated buffalo (57.6%) followed by equine (50.0%) and wild animals (49.3%).ConclusionThe study provides a comprehensive dataset on the geographical distribution and host range of T. vivax and demonstrates the potential of this parasite to invade other countries out of Africa and Latin America.Graphical

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of high-frame-rate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (H-CEUS) in solid renal tumors using qualitative and quantitative methods.MethodsSeventy-five patients who underwent preoperative conventional ultrasound (US), conventional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (C-CEUS), and H-CEUS examination of renal tumors were retrospectively analyzed, with a total of 89 renal masses. The masses were divided into the benign (30 masses) and malignant groups (59 masses) based on the results of enhanced computer tomography and pathology. The location, diameter, shape, border, calcification, and color doppler blood flow imaging (CDFI) of the lesions were observed by US, and the characteristics of the C-CEUS and H-CEUS images were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The χ² test or Fisher’s exact probability method was used to compare the US image characteristics between the benign and malignant groups, and the image characteristics of C-CEUS and H-CEUS between the benign and malignant groups. Moreover, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the differences in C-CEUS and H-CEUS time-intensity curve (TIC) parameters.ResultsSignificant differences in gender, surgical approach, echogenicity, and CDFI were observed between the malignant and benign groups (p = 0.003, < 0.001, < 0.001, = 0003). Qualitative analysis also revealed significant differences in the mode of wash-out and fill-in direction between C-CEUS and H-CEUS in the malignant group (p = 0.041, 0.002). In addition, the homogeneity of enhancement showed significant differences between the two contrast models in the benign group (p = 0.009). Quantitative analysis indicated that the TIC parameters peak intensity (PI), deceleration time (DT) /2, area under the curve (AUC), and mean transition time (MTT) were significantly lower in the H-CEUS model compared to the C-CEUS model in both the benign and malignant groups. (all p < 0.001). In contrast, ascending slope of rise curve (AS) was significantly higher in the H-CEUS model compared to the C-CEUS model in the malignant group (p = 0.048).ConclusionsIn renal tumors, H-CEUS shows clearer internal enhancement of the mass and the changes in the wash-out period. The quantitative TIC parameters PI, DT/2, AUC, and MTT were lower in H-CEUS compared to C-CEUS. Both the quantitative and qualitative analyses indicated that H-CEUS better displays the characteristics of solid renal masses compared with C-CEUS.

Phonetics with mechanics and aesthetics are considered cardinal factors contributing to the success of complete dentures. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the changes in speech in complete denture patients with and without palatal surface changes. The data collected for the study involved completely edentulous Patients (n= 80). Patients were divided into two groups. Group A: Up to 50 years (n= 40); Group B: Above 50 years (n= 40) (including male and female). Each group was further divided into four subgroups for speech analysis-without dentures (A1/B1); with conventional dentures (A2/B2); dentures with a palatogram (A3/B3) and dentures with palate sandblasted (A4/B4). The speech sounds of all patients were evaluated for pitch and intensity using a spectrophotogram (Praat software) and Likert scale. The data so obtained from the quantitative and qualitative analysis were statistically analysed through one-way ANOVA, unpaired student's t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Qualitative analysis was done with the Mann-Whitney U test. The maximum mean value of the pitch and intensity in Groups A and B was subgroup A3 (Palatogram) 190.37 ± 21.50 and 77.07 ± 7.58, B3 (Palatogram) 190.87 ± 24.36 and 75.33 ± 8.12. When comparing Groups A [A1, A2, A3, A4] and B [B1, B2, B3, B4] on the basis of pitch and intensity, a statistically insignificant value was found. No changes in speech sounds (pitch and intensity) were observed in terms of age. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis results showed that speech sounds in the patients with palatogram, had the highest pitch and intensity and were most clear to the listener and there were statistically significant differences from other groups. Speech was better in palatogram-based dentures in comparison to a sandblasted denture, conventional denture and without denture in terms of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The physiologic nature of the palatogram fabrication technique produces the palatal part of the denture more compatible with the tongue, thus producing better speech.

PurposeTo quantify artifacts from different root filling materials in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired using different exposure parameters.Materials and MethodsFifteen single-rooted teeth were scanned using 8 different exposure protocols with 3 different filling materials and once without filling material as a control group. Artifact quantification was performed by a trained observer who made measurements in the central axial slice of all acquired images in a fixed region of interest using ImageJ. Hyperdense artifacts, hypodense artifacts, and the remaining tooth area were identified, and the percentages of hyperdense and hypodense artifacts, remaining tooth area, and tooth area affected by the artifacts were calculated. Artifacts were analyzed qualitatively by 2 observers using the following scores: absence (0), moderate presence (1), and high presence (2) for hypodense halos, hypodense lines, and hyperdense lines. Two-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey test were used for quantitative and qualitative artifact analysis. The Dunnet test was also used for qualitative analysis. The significance level was set at P<.05.ResultsThere were no significant interactions among the exposure parameters in the quantitative or qualitative analysis. Significant differences were observed among the studied filling materials in all quantitative analyses. In the qualitative analyses, all materials differed from the control group in terms of hypodense and hyperdense lines (P<.05). Fiberglass posts did not differ statistically from the control group in terms of hypodense halos (P>.05).ConclusionDifferent exposure parameters did not affect the objective or subjective observations of artifacts in CBCT images; however, the filling materials used in endodontic restorations did affect both types of assessments.