British Textile Technology Group

Il diabete mellito è una malattia difficile da controllare in tutto il mondo. Poiché la migliore comprensione della fisiopatologia della malattia da parte della medicina moderna, sono stati proposti diversi modi per controllare l’evoluzione della patologia in questione. A titolo di esempio, possiamo citare uno studio pubblicato nel 1993 dal Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) e, successivamente, nel 1998, validato dallo United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), che ha stabilito l’emoglobina glicata come uno dei principali evoluzione dei marker e prognosi della malattia. Dalla pubblicazione di questi studi, obiettivi quali: uno stretto controllo glicemico (corrispondente a obiettivi di emoglobina glicata inferiore o uguale a 6,5 ​​mg/dL), sono stati accettati dalla comunità medica mondiale come riferimenti nel controllo e nel follow-up del patologia. In questo contesto, il presente articolo ha come domanda guida: dovrebbe essere ricercato uno stretto controllo glicemico per tutti i pazienti? Con l’obiettivo di scoprire, attraverso la revisione della letteratura, se il controllo glicemico dovrebbe essere richiesto per tutti i pazienti. Pertanto, è stata effettuata una revisione della letteratura sugli articoli pubblicati sull’argomento in questione, con l’obiettivo di concentrarsi sulla prevenzione quaternaria e sull’importanza della buona pratica clinica collaborata dalla medicina basata sull’evidenza. I risultati indicano che, in caso di stretto controllo glicemico, non vi sono evidenze di benefici in generale nel suo utilizzo, essendo riportato in letteratura che, in alcune popolazioni, soprattutto quelle sopra gli 80 anni, il suo utilizzo è legato ad un aumento effetti avversi e morbilità causati dalla malattia.

Water-treatment residuals (WTRs), by-products of drinking water clarification, are increasingly recycled to land to promote circular economy and reduce disposal costs, yet there is a lack of published literature on their effects on soil ecology. In the present study, the effects of WTRs on earthworm growth, soil respiration, and soil porewater chemistry were investigated throughout a 7-wk outdoor mesocosm trial. We derived WTRs from both aluminum and iron coagulants and applied them to a loam soil at 0 to 20% (w/w). In addition, soil from a field that had received long-term WTR applications and that of an adjacent nontreated reference field were included in the study. Earthworm mass increase was significantly higher in all but one laboratory-treated soil when compared to the control. Furthermore, a linear regression model was used to predict increases in weekly soil respiration based on the application rates of both Al and Fe WTRs. In addition, a significant increase in soil respiration was observed from the treated farm soils during the first 4 wk of the trial. Measured sodium, magnesium, potassium, and iron porewater concentrations were higher in the treated farm soils than the reference site soil in a majority of samples, although these differences may be related to land management. Laboratory-treated soils had elevated porewater arsenic concentrations (e.g., ~17 µg L-1 in controls vs ~62 µg L-1 in the 20% w/w Al WTR treatment in week 1), whereas porewater nickel concentrations were, respectively, elevated and lowered in Al WTR- and Fe WTR-amended samples. Overall, observed disturbances to soil ecology were determined to be minimal. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1964-1972. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

The growing environmentally awareness of the consumers leads to a lot of new products in the textile industry. Either a sustainably produced textile or one which is created by reuse of a waste product is preferred. One possibility to create fibers from waste is using waste milk for casein fiber production. Opposite to several other biopolymers, however, spinning fibers from casein causes diverse problems. This article gives an overview of the investigations on how to produce fibres from the milk protein casein in a sustainable way, i.e. without formaldehyde or other polluting ingredients. Mechanical properties as well as water-resistance were investigated for chemical and physical modifications of the base composition. In this way, the positive influence of paraffin oil and wax as well as aggregation at high temperatures could be proven, while temperature treatment resulted in a higher E-modulus.

Functional m-aramid fibers with antimicrobial properties by reaction of glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride with silver nanoparticles.

The last 65 years have seen a development of modelling of the structural mechanics of textiles at the same time as computation moved from primitive calculations to powerful software and hardware. The development of means of access to computing is described. Early work could only deal with numerical solutions at the end of analyses of simple, general models. Now it is possible to follow individual fibre elements in space and time. The paper reviews topics covered by myself and my associates in the University of Manchester and elsewhere after my retirement: fibre fine structure; yarn mechanics; fabric mechanics; product mechanics; and rope modeling. The final part of the paper discusses modeling for the 21st century, including the problem of the “virtual catwalk” and the development of software for 3D fabrics used in composites. In contrast to aesthetic design where computer aided design (CAD) has become the common mode, the industry has not taken to modeling for technical textiles. This means that there is a lack of creative interchange between academia and industry. CAD is bound to come, but it is not possible to say when and how.

Many subjects enrolled in research studies have a limited understanding of the research to which they consented. To develop recommendations to enhance comprehensiveness and understanding of informed consent forms used in critical care clinical trials. Consensus process. We provide recommendations regarding the U.S. federally required basic and additional elements of informed consent as applied to critical care clinical trials. We also identify issues that investigators need to address, if relevant, in the informed consent forms of critical care clinical trials. These include the description, in understandable language, of complex and detailed experimental protocols that are the focus of the clinical trial, disclosure of death as a risk factor if mortality is an outcome variable, and the identification of who can legally serve as the prospective subject's surrogate. We also offer suggestions to enhance subjects' understanding of informed consent forms. The literature on informed consent forms suggest that shorter informed consent forms written at a lower reading level, when read carefully, might provide better subject understanding. Prospective evaluation is needed to determine whether our recommendations enhance the informed consent process.

The potential of two strains of Pseudomonas syringae (Blue and Brown) to remove copper from aqueous solutions has been investigated and assessed against the synthetic Linde LZ-52Y aluminosilicate zeolite. The two bacterial strains were tolerant to copper and were able to grow in media doped with concentrations of up to 1000 ppm. The biosorptive capacity and the mechanism of copper uptake were investigated using “active” and “inactive” species grown in nutrient-rich and complex media. The degree of copper removal by ion exchange with the Y zeolite is reported and compared with that achieved when using the biosorbents under the same treatment conditions. The bacteria were harvested, freeze-dried, and used to adsorb copper under starved and glucose activated conditions. The need to distinguish between “bio-uptake” and the action of complexing agents that may be present are highlighted. The experimental data are fitted to standard Freundlich, BET, and Langmuir adsorption models where the latter yielded both meaningful theoretical maximum adsorption capacities and adsorption affinity coefficients. These values are discussed in terms of the sorbate/sorbent interactions, which are shown to involve a passive mechanism where the majority of the copper attaches to the outer cell wall.