Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I .Vavilov

The article discusses methods for approximating functions using orthogonal bases and their application in information security systems. The main focus is on the theoretical aspects of approximation, including the concept of an orthogonal basis and approximation methods such as polynomial approximation and interpolation. Various approaches are described, including Lagrange interpolation, Newton interpolation, and the least squares method. Approximation by trigonometric functions, such as Fourier series, and the use of special functions, including Chebyshev, Legendre, and Hermite polynomials, are also considered. Examples of the software implementation of these methods in C++ using specialized libraries to improve the efficiency of calculations are given. Special attention is paid to the application of approximation methods in cryptography and steganography to ensure data security. The advantages of using approximation methods to create attack-resistant cryptographic keys and conceal information are described.

Methods of controlling the diseases of aquatic organisms during their industrial cultivation have been studied. It is possible to suppress and destroy bacterial microflora in a targeted manner and to improve the performance of aquatic animals by using polymer systems with fluoroquinolone, which are characterized by bioavailability of substances. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of a polymer system with levofloxacin on growth, development and feed expenditure of RoLo hybrid reared in an aquarium setup. The article presents information on the possibility of using polymer systems with fluoroquinolone and their influence on the growth parameters of sturgeon fish. Five experimental groups of 10 RoLo individuals in each group were formed according to the pair-analogy principle. Weight growth, feed, protein and energy expenditure per 1 kg of weight gain were studied during the experiment. The effect of the polymer system with levofloxacin on hybrid individuals was studied in the conditions of the laboratory “Progressive Biotechnologies” of the Vavilov University. It was found that the body weight gain in the experimental groups of hybrid seedlings was higher compared to the control groups. Maximum growth was observed in the 3 rd experimental group, where fish received polymer system with 10 % levofloxacin. During the period of research, the minimum feed costs were observed in the 3 rd experimental group, which consumed feed with 10 % levofloxacin, the maximum was observed in the 2 nd control group, and since the growth in this group was not registered, the feed costs were for the maintenance of vital functions of the organism of hydrobionts. The results of the analysis show that the individuals of the 3 rd experimental group have better growth dynamics at minimum feed inputs. The results obtained expand the information on sturgeon fish farming under industrial conditions using polymer systems for delivery of fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

The paper theoretically considers the law of pressure change inside the screw extruder of the configuration adopted by the authors, used for granulating vermicompost. The obtained theoretical dependences make it possible to calculate the pressure in the screw channel based on its geometric parameters and the physical and mechanical properties of the processed raw materials and can be used in the design of extruders of similar design for use in other areas of production.

This article presents an analysis of the prospects for the development of the Southern Federal District as one of the strategic directions of the emerging center of transnational trade and an important transport hub in the system of the international transport corridor "North-South" in order to increase food security and develop the agro-food complex (hereinafter agro-food complex) in the context of changes in Russia's foreign trade under the influence of sanctions of unfriendly countries. The research is aimed at the development of the North-SOUTH MTC in conjunction with the development of the port special economic zone in Astrakhan, as well as the formation of new cargo flows of agri-food products past the Southern Sea Route, as an economically effective direction of economic development by reducing the delivery time of goods. The purpose of this study is to show that the creation, development and operation of a port–type free economic zone in the Southern Federal District will give an impetus to the formation of an effective port infrastructure of the international North-South transport corridor, which will be independent of the European embargo and at the same time comply with international standards and be a logistics hub between the ranks of the Shanghai Organization countries cooperation. The scientific novelty of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the use of freight transportation in the southern Federal District along the North-South MTC, bypassing the southern sea route, as well as the development of a port economic zone and wholesale distribution centers of the agro-industrial complex in conjunction with the North-South MTC. The example also shows which residents are present in the port SEZ in the Astrakhan region and how the SEZ connected the Caspian states, India, Southeast Asia, as well as Arab, African and other friendly countries.

Introduction. Mathematical modeling in food technology plays a key role in solving many theoretical and practical problems. At the stage of creating new recipes, it becomes one of the effective methods that allows reducing the time and costs of development, reducing the scope of testing, guaranteeing the required quality of the finished product and increasing the competitiveness of products. The research focuses on the bakery product recipe with the addition of whole grain sorghum flour. Grain sorghum of the Bachelor variety is zoned in the Saratov region. It has a high yield of 2.5-3.5 t / ha. It tolerates high temperatures and moisture deficiencies well, and it is resistant to diseases and pests. The nutritional value is due to the high content of protein and starch. The goal of the research was to develop the ratio of recipe components in a bakery product with the addition of whole-grain flour from grain sorghum. The studies were conducted sequentially. 1.The demand for fortified bakery products of consumers in the Saratov region using a questionnaire was studied. 2. The recipe for bakery products with whole-grain flour from grain sorghum using regression analysis was developed. This method made it possible to determine the regression dependence, study the properties of parameter estimates when proposing probable characteristics of facts and random errors of the model. Using linear regression, a linear function of porosity, specific volume, mass fraction of moisture, and vitamin P content was found. The result of the research was the solution to the problem of modeling the relationships between the selected variables and predicting the values of the dependent variable based on the model, which made it possible to compile a matrix of studies of fortified bakery products with whole grain flour from grain sorghum.

The article is devoted to the study of the process of creating an institutional infrastructure for the introduction of digital technologies in agriculture, using the experience of the Vavilov University. The authors have formulated the definition and essence of the digital model of the paradigm of institutional transformation management in the agro-industrial complex. A model of a regional center for digital technologies in the field of agriculture based on the Vavilov University is proposed, which examines organizational measures aimed at forming a digital competence center in the field of agricultural technologies, including training students, employees and personnel of the agro-industrial complex in modern information processing technologies, field monitoring and agricultural machinery management. The article discusses the prospects for the formation of a digital model, where special attention is paid to the following aspects: the creation of research centers for testing and implementing digital platforms and services at the university; the introduction of innovative IT infrastructure for automation and optimization of technological processes in university departments; the economic justification of the expediency of investments in digital technologies. The authors emphasize the importance of an integrated approach to the digitalization of the agricultural sector, which ensures the improvement of the economic performance of the region’s farms and the training of qualified personnel with modern knowledge and skills in working with digital technologies

The paper highlights the significant impact of irrigation on crop yields, emphasizing that in the challenging climatic conditions of the dry-steppe Trans-Volga region, it is impossible to obtain a consistently high alfalfa yield without irrigation. Since irrigation presents both substantial benefits and potential drawbacks, it requires a highly skilled approach to managing irrigated lands and water resources. To estimate the total water consumption of alfalfa in the dry-steppe Trans-Volga region, it is proposed to use bioclimatic coefficients and soil surface activity indicators. (Research purpose) The study aims to determine the total water consumption of alfalfa by using bioclimatic coefficients and active soil surface values to improve the efficiency of irrigation regimes. (Materials and methods) The primary input factors influencing the total water consumption volume were analyzed. Changes in total water consumption during specific phases of alfalfa development were assessed based on evapotranspiration and the relative reserves of productive moisture, using experimental data on the crop's water consumption. (Results and discussion) The empirical coefficients representing the active surface state of alfalfa crops were determined based on the sum of average daily temperatures, calculated using Budyko-Zubenko method for estimating evaporation from the water surface. It was found that the coefficients of active surface state change significantly during plant development, increasing from 0.5 during the growth-branching period to 0.78 during branching-budding and reaching 0.99-1.0 during the budding-flowering period. (Conclusions) Curvilinear relationships between the ratio of total water consumption to evaporation and the relative reserves of productive moisture during different phases of alfalfa growth and development were experimentally established. Empirical coefficients were derived for calculating total water consumption during different periods of alfalfa vegetation grown on dark chestnut soils in the dry steppe Trans-Volga region.

The relevance of this article is due to the need to study the problem of developing environmental education among university youth. The authors of the article consider environmental problems to be so serious that postponing their solution until tomorrow is disastrous for humanity. That is why environmental education is primarily placed on a par with civil-patriotic, spiritual and moral education. A survey conducted among residents of the city of Saratov about the environmental situation of their city showed a low level of environmental awareness and environmental outlook among young people. The authors of the article note the popularity of teachers’ use of modern technologies in the educational process - project technology. As part of the implementation of the project “With love for the nature of the Saratov region”, positive dynamics in the development of environmental education of university students through the means of a foreign language were revealed. The levels of environmental culture of students were determined. A purposeful, systematic process that affects all areas of student life in matters of the relationship between man and nature will represent the successful development of environmental education.

The objective of the study is to examine the indicators of economic use of breeding stock of beef breeds and to establish the feasibility of increasing it to improve the efficiency of the industry. Objectives: to monitor the indicators of industrial use of beef cows bred in agricultural organizations of Russia, the Volga Federal District and the Saratov Region. The object of the study is Hereford cattle from the breeding farms of OOO Sysoevsky, AO Tsel, OOO Kolos and Kazakh white-headed cattle of OOO Rassvet-1 in the Saratov Region. The values of the age of retirement of Hereford cows in the country amounted to 5.5 calvings, which is lower than the values obtained from Kazakh white-headed breed cows by 1.2 calvings, and in the district these differences remained virtually unchanged. At the same time, the opposite trend was observed in the region, where Hereford breeding stock was used in herds for a longer period (per calving). It should be noted that the maximum age of retirement in the intra-breed comparison was characterized by Herefords of the region, rather than the district and the country – by 1.3 and 0.9 calvings, respectively. A distinctive pattern was observed for Kazakh white-headed cows, for which, on the contrary, the values obtained for the country prevailed over those in the district and region. The supe¬riority of Kazakh white-headed cattle in the yield of calves per 100 cows in the country and the region over Hereford cows was 4 and 3 calves, respectively, with insignificant differences obtained for the district. Po¬sitive results in terms of age of retirement were obtained in breeding farms for breeding Hereford cows in the Saratov region, which varied within 6.1–6.5 calvings, which exceeded the values of Kazakh White-Headed cows by more than two times. However, the latter produced more calves per 100 cows, nevertheless, for Herefords they were higher than 81 %.