Экономическая безопасность лесопромышленных подразделений уголовно-исполнительной системы: проблемы, противоречия и методические основы обеспечения

The article is dedicated to the study of the problems of economic security of small agricultural enterprises in an unstable economic environment. The fundamental importance of ensuring economic security is emphasized, both for individual economic entities and for the economic system, especially in the context of increasing global crises and digital transformation. Attention is focused on the specifics of agriculture, its dependence on natural factors, and the key role of small agricultural enterprises in ensuring food security and sustainable rural development. The vulnerability of small agricultural enterprises is highlighted due to insufficient material and technical support, low levels of staffing, high production costs, marketing problems, and geographical remoteness. The article substantiates the necessity of ensuring economic security of small agricultural enterprises at the micro-level, based on high-quality accounting and analytical support. The problem of financial statement falsification and the crisis of trust in them is considered, emphasizing the importance of ensuring the reliability of accounting data as a basis for conducting financial analysis and, accordingly, making informed management decisions. Agricultural extension is defined as an effective tool for ensuring the functioning of small agricultural enterprises. The use of an active-adaptive model of cooperation between small agricultural enterprises and agricultural extension services is proposed, which allows for delegating complex tasks to external experts to enhance economic security. The hierarchy of levels of economic security, from micro to mega-level, is examined, emphasizing the importance of considering industry specifics and enterprise size. The expediency and prospects of cooperation between small agricultural enterprises and agricultural extension structures to improve their economic security is proven, especially in the context of digitalization, which requires constant updating of existing knowledge, acquisition of new knowledge, and ensuring an appropriate level of digital competencies. It is substantiated that cooperation with agricultural extension services is a strategically important direction for ensuring sustainable rural development, the competitiveness of small agricultural enterprises, and ensuring economic security in modern economic conditions. Keywords: audit, agricultural extension, military actions, accounting and analytical support, financial analysis, financial analytics, staffing, digital competencies

The article examines the component struc­ture of economic security of an agricultural enterprise. The main components of economic security and their interrelation are analyzed. The peculiarities of ensuring economic security in the agricultural sector are revealed. A comprehensive approach to the formation of the economic security system of an agricultural enterprise is proposed, taking into account the specifics of the industry. The necessity of integ­ra­ting various security components to achieve sustainable development of agricultural enter­prises is substantiated. The research hypothesis is that an effective economic security system of an agricultural enterprise should be based on the integration of various security components, considering their interconnection and mutual influence. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic approach, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, and gene­ralization. Based on the analysis of scientific sources and considering industry specifics, a component structure of economic security for agricultural enterprises is proposed, which includes financial, production and techno­logi­cal, market, personnel, innovatve investment, environmental, and information security. The necessity of a comprehensive approach to for­ming the economic security system of an agricultural enterprise is substantiated, taking into account the interconnection and mutual influ­ence of its components. The proposed approach allows for a systematic assessment of the economic security level and the development of strategies for its provision in agricultural enterprises. It can be used in forming a monito­ring system for economic security and making management decisions to improve it. The research results create a theoretical foundation for developing a methodology for integrated assessment of the economic security level of an agricultural enterprise and forming an organi­zational and economic mechanism for its provi­sion in modern economic conditions, which defines prospects for further research in this direction

Introduction. The most important component of the technological process of manufacturing of gear wheels of critical products is the operation of teeth honing. Special requirements are imposed on the surface quality of special-purpose gears, where imported abrasive tools were used, the supply of which in modern economic conditions is impossible. Purpose of work: development of formulation, technological equipment and technology of manufacturing of elastic diamond gear hones instead of imported ones for teeth honing of gear wheels of special purpose. Research methods. Subject of research are samples of imported elastic gear hones and created domestic analogs. The mechanical properties, morphology and chemical composition of the abrasive (diamond) layer of the working surface of the teeth and the annular gear were determined. The content of chemical elements was controlled in separate points of the surface and by scanning over the area on a scanning electron microscope. The formulation and technology of production of annular gears were determined. Results and Discussion. Designs of molds for forming the abrasive layer and the hub of the gear hone are developed. The peculiarities of morphology of the material of the working layer and the annular gear of the elastic diamond gear hone are revealed. On the basis of the conducted research, domestic analogs of materials of constituent elements of the gear hone are determined. Two manufacturing technologies were considered: pressing and injection molding. Two molds were made to test the technology: a simplified model consisting of two teeth and a round mold. Several methods of manufacturing hone teeth were analyzed: manufacturing of an abrasive layer with different degree of pre-vulcanization, subsequent introduction of gear material and final vulcanization of the whole product. The mechanical properties of the materials of the working abrasive layer and the annular gear were determined. The chemical composition of the components of the hone and the boundary zone are studied. As a result of the conducted research, recommendations on the formulation of the abrasive layer and the annular gear, technology of manufacturing of the gear hone intended for final treatment of teeth of heat-treated spur wheels of special purpose are given.

The present research tries to investigate the effective factors that affect the relationship among science development, technology development and economic growth using thorough literature review and qualitative content analysis. After investigating several articles and books, nine factors were identified as key factors which affect science development. In addition, nine factors of increasing the amount of patents, basic and applied researches growth, expert human resources growth (human resources development), growth of research and development (R&D) budget, GDP growth, improvement of industrial policy, commercial system improvement, technology legal environment development and technology infrastructures, facilities and equipment development were determined as effective factors on technology development. Furthermore, eight factors of population growth rate, GDP per capita growth, economic-political convergence, investment in R&D, workforce quality, ownership rights and other macroeconomic factors and science and technology infrastructures, facilities and equipment development were determined as effective factors on economic growth. Finally, 14 cofactors were determined for the relationship among science development, technology development and economic growth. The results will shed light for future research in the field.

Introduction . The rational organization of the management system as a whole, and in the context of certain types of management activities, such as financial, strategic, innovation, personnel management, etc., now becomes not an additional business advantage, but an objective condition for the existence of an enterprise. But since the market economy, within which the modern production of business, financial, investment processes must be carried out by modern business entities, focused primarily on the needs of the final consumer and guided by the demand and supply trends, it is necessary for the management of domestic enterprises to distinguish market management as an applied bases for the functions of planning, organization, motivation, coordination and control over economic activities, taking into account market trends and customer-oriented needs of all categories of stakeholders . Purpose . The purpose of the article is to identify the features of market management in enterprise management systems in Ukraine. In order to realize the goal set within this study, it is necessary to fulfill a number of the following tasks: to offer an author’s definition of the concept of market management; to establish the list of goals and results of effective realization of market management processes for domestic enterprises in modern economic conditions; to identify obstacles of the integration of market management practices into enterprise management systems in Ukraine. Methods. Method of theoretical analysis, monographic method, method of generalization, abstract-logical method are used. Results. Under market management, it is proposed to understand a separate form of management activity that is dynamic and flexible, and which is dominated by the type of innovation management, able to respond in a timely manner to the market conditions changes, new conditions of competition and quickly transform the mechanisms of enterprise activity, taking into account the requirements of the environment and in line with the expectations of stakeholders. The list of goals and results of effective realization of market management processes for domestic enterprises in the modern economic conditions is established. The main ones are: orientation on the needs of customers and other categories of stakeholders, the formation of price and production policy, depending on the trends of supply and demand; cost optimization and transition to innovative production technologies; flexibility in making managerial decisions and information transparency. Originality. Author’s definition of the concept of market management is proposed. The list of goals and results of effective realization of market management processes for domestic enterprises in the modern economic conditions is established. The obstacles on the way to integration of market management practices into enterprise management systems in Ukraine are identified. Conclusion . The obstacles of the integration of market management practices into enterprise management systems in Ukraine are identified. Thus, obstacles to the active use of market management practices were: business entities resource constraints, the lack of skilled personnel, lack of information on market trends necessary for wise management decisions, traditions of doing business that are difficult to undergo transformation, etc.

У статті розглянуто сутність фінансово-економічної безпеки та її місце в системі економічної безпеки підприємства. Досліджено механізм управління фінансово-економічною безпекою підприємства, визначено структуру і зміст його основних складових, дано їх загальну характеристику. Обґрунтовано, що виконання завдань і функцій системи фінансово-економічної безпеки здійснюється у разі дотримання певних принципів та застосування ряду методів управління фінансово-економічною безпекою підприємства.

In the conditions of European integration, economic security policy ensures effective innovative development of socio-economic systems. In practical terms, security policy is based on the definition of a number of security characteristics that arise during the functioning of socio-economic systems. Economic security policy is one of the main priorities in the strategies of innovative development of socio- economic systems and should be based on the achievement of indicators for Ukraine's entry into the EU based on an increase in a number of indicators. The purpose of the study is the analysis of existing problems in the innovative activity of socio-economic systems and the search for directions of economic security policy in the strategies of their innovative development. In the process of research, the method of comparison was used, which provided an opportunity to explore the diversity of scientific and methodological approaches of different authors, to identify prospects for the development of certain issues; method of generalization - to form own approaches regarding the detailing of means, goals and measures of raising the level of economic security policy in strategies of innovative development of socio- economic systems; the method of analysis and synthesis - to determine the goals of the economic security policy in the development of innovations of socio-economic Вісник Чернівецького торговельно-економічного інституту. 2024. Вип. І (93) 12 systems; abstract-logical method - to summarize and formulate conclusions and prospects for further research. The peculiarities of development of socio-economic systems in modern economic conditions are revealed. Problems of ensuring intellectual property in the implementation of innovations are highlighted. An analysis of the existing scientific approaches regarding the economic security of the development of innovations in socio-economic systems was carried out. It has been proven that strategies for the development of innovations in socio-economic systems should include the security component of both their policy as part of innovative development and all other constituent elements, methods, mechanisms of functioning in the conditions of deepening European integration processes. Taking into account the lack of a single approach to the construction of economic security policy in the strategies of innovative development of socio- economic systems, the authors have formed their own approaches to the formation of goals, means and measures to increase its level. The article proposes to create a monitoring group to collect and analyze the necessary information, as well as to determine the main goals of the economic security policy.

Modern economic conditions, uncertainty, political risks, active competition, reduction of population payable demand, the need to comply the economic, social and environmental conditions of business development are associated not only with opportunities and prerequisites for breakthrough growth, but first of all, with threats. Decisions made quickly in response to internal or external influences characterize the reactive type of management, a significant disadvantage of which is the lack of coherence with the objectives and with the enterprise strategy. The same is true for ensuring the economic security of an economic entity. Rapid response to emerging threats is associated with high costs and risks of implementing these threats. A well-functioning system of economic security can create the conditions necessary for the long-term functioning of the business, the realization of its potential and increase competitiveness. According to foreign approaches ensuring economic security at a high level is not only a guarantee of survival of the economic entity, but also forms the prerequisites for its sustainable development. Business activity and financial stability are the most important characteristics of the financial condition of the organization, characterizing the intensity of the financial resources use, as well as the financial capacity to withstand potential negative impacts. In this context, it is fair to say that these characteristics of the enterprise reflect not only the quality of management decisions, but also they describe the entire process of enterprise management, the realization of its potential and approach to interaction with contractors.

The article is devoted to the study of the features of ensuring economic security in institutions of the penal system. Economic security in the penal system is focused on eliminating the risks of loss of production potential, threats of reduced resource provision, increased cases of corruption, inefficient spending of public funds, embezzlement and embezzlement of budget funds. It is the work with risks, the development of mechanisms for their reduction, management and control that form the basis of economic security.

The article carried out research on the definition of approaches to the category of "economic security" of socio-economic systems, and proposed a proper definition of the concept of "economic security". The role and significance of economic analytics in the system of ensuring economic security of socio-economic systems is determined, the methods and methods of economic analytics used to ensure economic security are investigated. Analytics is a field of human activity that is carried out with the aim of conducting an analysis of the state of the object and the state of its development, which will allow making appropriate decisions regarding this object. Many academics consider analytics today as the art of analysis. Modern socio-economic transformations that are taking place in the economy, in the country as a whole, which are caused by the scientific and technical revolution, as well as the increase in the importance of information and information resources in economic processes. It was these conditions of informatization of society that caused the formation of the knowledge economy and the emergence of a new paradigm of economic analytics. Economic analytics is one of the most promising areas of modern economic science, which is based on the methods of economic analysis through the use of information resources, computer methods, etc. The development of economic analytics as a science is conditioned by the development of economic theory and the formation of economic hypotheses, theories and concepts on this basis. In the process of evolution of these theories and concepts, the methodological toolkit of modern economic analytics was formed. The formation of analytical support for economic security is connected with the development of related fields of knowledge, such as mathematics, statistics, accounting and others. The study of the main methods of economic analysis to ensure the economic security of socio-economic systems allows us to come to the conclusion that each of the methods we have considered has certain limitations in use, and therefore does not provide an opportunity to fully determine the existing state of economic security. Quantitative and qualitative methods of determining the level of economic security have become the most widespread. Qualitative analysis of the state of economic security of the socio-economic system precedes quantitative analysis, consists in determining all negative factors and risks of the external and internal environment, forecasting the negative consequences that they may cause, as well as developing measures to neutralize and minimize these risks. Quantitative analysis is also necessary for a full characterization of the state of economic security, so a comprehensive approach must be used for a full analysis of the state of economic security

Стаття присвячена актуальному питанню економічної безпеки підприємства, оскільки економічна безпека дозволяє підприємству функціонувати і розвиватися в стабільному режимі та забезпечувати наявність необхідних ресурсів, фінансову стійкість та ефективне управління, що дозволяє уникнути фінансових труднощів, банкрутства і зберегти конкурентоспроможність. Результати дослідження поняття економічної безпеки підприємства та його значення для діяльності підприємства представлені. Також проведений аналіз наукових праць вчених, присвячених дослідженню економічної безпеки, з метою уточнення змісту поняття. Розглянута еволюція розвитку досліджуваного поняття і показано, що його сутність формувалася через кілька етапів, що пояснює розбіжності в його визначенні. Також здійснено систематизацію трактувань поняття «економічна безпека» вітчизняними та зарубіжними економістами. Основною метою економічної безпеки підприємства визначено гарантування його стабільного та ефективного функціонування. У роботі виділено основні функціональні цілі економічної безпеки та названо фактори, що впливають на формування економічної безпеки підприємства.

The theoretical and practical aspects of reducing technological vulnerabilities and reducing import dependence as key conditions for ensuring economic security are considered. The research is based on a systematic approach, which involves an analysis of the interrelationships between technological sovereignty, industrial structure and the sustainability of the export model. It is shown that high dependence on imports of critical technologies, equipment and components limits the development of domestic industry and increases the vulnerability of the economy to external shocks. Special attention is paid to the analysis of three strategic industries – automotive, pharmaceuticals and microelectronics. Based on data from the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, the Institute of National Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences and industry associations, typical forms of technological dependence have been identified and their consequences for export potential have been assessed. The international experience (India, China, Taiwan, Brazil) is summarized, demonstrating the effectiveness of the policy of forming closed production cycles, clustering, stimulating R&D and export orientation of industry. Proposals have been formulated for the formation of national technological cores, the development of human resources and the creation of full-cycle industrial clusters. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of applying the results obtained in the development of import substitution strategies, programs for the development of high-tech industries and government policy in the field of economic security.

This study investigates the effectiveness of public education policies for people deprived of their liberty in the state of Amazonas, in the context of a systemic crisis recognized by the Federal Supreme Court (STF) as an unconstitutional state of affairs. The research was motivated by the need to examine the strategies implemented to tackle the widespread violations of fundamental rights within the prison system, with a special focus on education as a means of resocialization. The central objective was to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of public education policies aimed at inmates and former inmates, with a focus on the state education plan for the Amazonas prison system. Using documentary analysis and a literature review, as well as statistical data provided by the National Penitentiary Department (DEPEN), this study identified significant advances in the provision of educational activities, evidenced by the increase in the number of inmates engaged in educational programs. However, the research revealed important gaps, such as the lack of precise indicators for evaluating policies and the need to guarantee the quality of the education offered. It was concluded that, despite quantitative progress, qualitative and strategic improvements are needed if education in the prison system is to effectively promote the resocialization and social reintegration of individuals. Future research suggests analyzing the impact of these policies on reducing recidivism and improving the quality of life of inmates, as well as comparing educational practices between different states to identify successful models.

It has been proven that the creation of a system of economic security and its effective management is necessary to counteract and fight against various threats and dangers. The place of the marketing component in the economic security of the enterprise is defined. The importance of an effective marketing strategy for ensuring economic security and successful functioning of the enterprise is considered. Marketing is defined as a management function that seeks to increase the target market, build long-term relationships, satisfy customers, ensure desired profitability and strengthen competitive advantage. Theoretical approaches to the implementation of anti-crisis management were studied, specific features of supporting the economic security of construction enterprises in the short-, medium- and long-term periods were determined. The main functional goals of economic security of the enterprise are highlighted. A brief description of individual stages of management of the enterprise's economic security system is provided. It is proposed to divide the process of managing the economic security of the enterprise into the following stages: setting and justifying goals for ensuring the financial security of the enterprise, identifying the problem, establishing restrictions to minimize the financial losses of the enterprise, developing a set of measures aimed at eliminating the identified problem, making the optimal decision regarding ensuring financial and economic security of the enterprise, coordination of the adopted decision with the management of the enterprise, ongoing monitoring of the implementation of the adopted strategy. Trends in the development of construction enterprises were studied, and their features were identified: phasing of construction works; diversity of industrial relations; duration of the production cycle; stationarity of the construction object; high manufacturability of modern construction production. It has been analyzed that any construction project can be divided into three stages: construction preparation, execution of construction works and commissioning of the finished construction object. The most important reasons for the bankruptcy of construction enterprises are given, which are as follows: ineffective marketing, ineffective policy of providing the opportunity to buy apartments in installments, increased production costs due to the use of outdated technologies.

Since its inception, traditional security considerations have largely driven Pakistan’s national security orientation. Traditional security focuses on military aspects of national security,addressing the domain of direct strategy. Contextually, traditional imperatives such as the Indian factor, nuclear domain and conventional dimension have been the dominant themes of the country’s national security architecture. However, the emergence of the National Security Policy in 2022 can be termed a watershed moment in itsnational security history. The document entails a paradigm shift in its security orientation. That is to say, shift from state-centric security to human-centric security. It recognizes the contemporary imperatives such as economic security, climate security, cyber space security and human resource development as thestate’stop most priorities. In this context, the paper examines Pakistan’s paradigm shift from traditional to non-traditional security as an aspired reality complemented by securitization theory and a human security approach tointernational security based on mixed methodology.