고등학생이 지각한 부모의 양육태도와 진로준비행동의 관계에서 진로결정 내재동기 및 진로성숙도의 매개효과

Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the mediating effect of grit and self-efficacy in the relationship between parents’ positive parenting attitudes and adolescent’ happiness as perceived by high school students. Methods This study surveyed 360 high school students located in Gwangju and Jeollanam-do, and analyzed a total of 356 data, excluding 4 who had unfaithful responses. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and Macro 3.3, using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of major variables, and verified the mediating effecting effect of grit and self-efficacy in the relationship between parents’ positive parenting attitudes and youth welling. Results First, the correlation between parents’ positive parenting attitude, grit, self-efficacy, and adolescent’s happiness perceived by high school students was statistically significant. Second, the partial mediating effect of grit was confirmed in the relationship between parents’ positive nurturing attitudes and adolescent’s happiness perceived by high school students. Third, the partial mediating effect of self-efficacy was confirmed in the relationship between parents’ positive nurturing attitudes and adolescent’s happiness perceived by high school students. Fourth, it was found that grit and self-efficacy were doubled in the relationship between parents’ positive nurturing attitudes and adolescent’s happiness perceived by high school students. Conclusions These researches results are expected to be provided as basic data for developing policies and programs to improve high school students’ happiness in the future.

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate high school students' attitude toward and use of alcohol. The following independent variables were investigated: gender, grade level, peer attitude, parental attitude, and knowledge of alcohol. Alcohol questionnaire scores for Use of Alcohol and Attitude Toward Drinking were employed as dependent variables. The sample consisted of 191 students. Five composite null hypotheses and one null hypothesis were tested at the .05 level. A status survey factorial design was employed using a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model) for the composite null hypotheses and one null hypothesis was tested employing a t-test for correlation coefficient. Of the 36 comparisons, 11 were main effects and 26 were interactions. Of the 11 main effects, 8 were statistically significant at the .05 level. None of the 26 interactions were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. a more positive peer attitude toward alcohol is associated with a more positive attitude toward drinking; 2. a more positive peer attitude toward alcohol is associated with higher use of alcohol; 3. a more positive parental attitude toward alcohol is associated with a more positive attitude toward drinking; 4. a more positive parental attitude toward alcohol is associated with higher use of alcohol; 5. males have more positive attitude toward drinking than females; 6. males have higher use of alcohol than females; 7. an increase in grade level is associated with a more positive attitude toward drinking; 8. there is no association between grade level and use of alcohol; 9. knowledge of alcohol is not associated with attitude toward drinking; 10. knowledge of alcohol is not associated with use of alcohol ; and 11. there is a positive association between attitude toward drinking and use of alcohol.

This study attempted to verify the mediating effect of positive and negative parenting attitudes on their children’s happiness through conversation time with parents and to determine whether there are differences between elementary and middle school students in such effects. To this end, the response data of elementary and middle school students collected in the third year (2020) of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey conducted by the Korea Youth Policy Institute were used. The analysis was conducted using structural equations and M-plus. The analysis results are as follows: First, in the case of elementary school students, positive parenting attitudes significantly affected happiness overall. In addition, in the case of middle school students, support for autonomy among positive parenting attitudes positively affected happiness. Second, in the case of middle school students, warmth and structural provision among positive parenting attitudes positively affected happiness by mediating conversation time with parents. Third, the mediating path of conversation time was not significant for autonomy support and coercion in common for all ages. Fourth, rejection of negative parenting attitudes in all ages negatively affected happiness by negatively mediating conversation time. Also, the inconsistency negatively affected happiness by negatively mediating conversation time. In conclusion, this study confirmed the positive effect of a positive parenting attitude on happiness rather than the amount of conversation time with parents. Moreover, it proved that a positive parenting attitude (warmness, structure provision) for middle school students positively affects happiness by mediating conversation time. These results are of great significance in that they provided evidence for the necessity of parental education considering the age of children.

This study aims to apply a meta-structural equation modeling to analyze the relationship between parents’ parenting attitudes and young children’s problem behavior and what kind of causal relationship exists between parents’ parenting attitudes and young children’s problem behavior. To achieve research questions, the researchers searched for various databases and analyzed 42 theses and 33 journals from 2000 to June 2023. When examining the intercorrelations between variables, positive parenting attitude and intrinsic problem behavior, positive parenting attitude and external problem behavior showed medium levels of negative effect sizes, negative parenting attitude and intrinsic problem behavior, and negative parenting attitude and external problem behavior showed medium levels of positive effect sizes. Positive and negative parenting attitudes showed large negative effect sizes, and intrinsic and external problem behaviors showed large positive effect sizes. When examining the meta-structural relationship, parents’ positive parenting attitudes showed small negative effect sizes on young children’s intrinsic and external problem behaviors, and parents’ negative parenting attitudes showed medium levels of positive effect sizes on young children’s intrinsic and external problem behaviors. This study is meaningful in that it sought ways to lower the problem behavior of young children by examining the relationship between parents’ parenting attitudes and young children’s problem behavior.

Objectives This study aimed to explore the relationship between parenting attitudes and aggression in children and adolescents using a meta-analysis. To this end, parenting attitudes were classified into positive and negative groups, and their effect sizes were compared. In addition, differences in the relationship between parenting attitudes and aggression in children and adolescents according to subtype of aggression and age were verified.
 Methods Effect sizes of 106 were calculated from 43 studies conducted from 2000 to 2022. There are 6 categories of positive parenting attitudes,11 categories of negative parenting attitudes, 6 categories of aggression, and 3 categories of age. To calculate the effect size, the correlation coefficient r was converted to Fisher's Z. Using R, average effect size, heterogeneity and moderating effect verification, and publication bias were calculated.
 Results First, the effect size of the positive parenting attitude had a negative (-) value, and the effect size of the negative parenting attitude had a positive (+) value. Overall, sub-factors of negative parenting attitudes were more strongly related to aggression than those of positive parenting attitudes. Second, among parenting attitudes, affection (-) and responsiveness (-) had strong negative correlations with aggression, and psychological control (+) and coercion (+) had strong positive correlations. Third, among the types of aggression, overt aggression showed a strong correlation with both positive and negative parenting attitudes. Fourth, as for age, positive parenting attitudes showed strong effect sizes in elementary lower graders (-), while negative parenting attitudes showed strong effect sizes in elementary higher grades (+).
 Conclusions Based on the aforementioned findings, the relationship between the parenting attitude and aggression was specifically confirmed, and the moderating effect of age could be verified. These findings are anticipated to be helpful information for parents considering strategies to prevent or lessen aggression in their children.

The purpose of this study is twofold: to investigate the role of career motivation as a mediator in the relationship between core competencies and career behavior; and to gain a better understanding on career education in university. Data was collected from 230 university students enrolled at K University. SPSS 26.0 was used to examine the correlation between each variable, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of core competencies on career preparation behavior. The Baron and Kenny method (specifically, three-stage mediating regression analysis) was conducted to verify the mediating effect of career motivation. Model 4 (among the models presented in PROCESS Macro 4.0) was further used to confirm the significance of the indirect effect between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The results showed that core competencies had a significant positive effect on career preparation behavior. The mediating effect of career motivation is significant in the relationship between core competencies and career preparation behaviors. Results are discussed along with implications of the present study and suggestions for the effective career support for university students.

Objectives The purpose of this study is to verify the direct impact of parents' academic achievement pressure on elementary school students' career maturity and the mediating effect of learning attitude in this relationship. Methods For this purpose, 1,346 6th grade elementary school students who responded to the 13th year (2020) data of the Korean Children's Panel were selected as research subjects. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model analysis using SPSS 26 and AMOS 29 statistical programs. Results The main research results through this are as follows. First, the significant negative impact of parental academic achievement pressure on elementary school students' career maturity was identified. Second, parents' academic achievement pressure had a positive significant effect on elementary school students' learning attitude. Third, elementary school students' learning attitude was found to have a positive significant effect on career maturity. Fourth, the mediating effect of parents' academic achievement pressure was verified as having a significant effect on career maturity through elementary school students' learning attitude. Conclusions This study is significant in that it identified the structural relationship between parents' academic achievement pressure, elementary school students' learning attitude, and career maturity, and at the same time confirmed the importance of elementary school students' learning attitude by verifying the mediating effect of learning attitude. Through this, we aim to provide basic data to elementary school students to improve their career maturity by lowering the level of parental academic achievement pressure and providing measures to increase their learning attitude.

Objectives The effect of emotional intelligence on career preparation behavior of university students majoring in culinary arts was investigated, and the mediating effect of career resilience in the relationship between emotional intelligence and career preparation behavior was verified. Methods SPSS/WIN 22.0 program was used. Reliability analysis was performed to verify the validity and reliability of the measurement items. In addition, to verify the mutual causal relationship between the constructs, exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted, as well as multiple regression analysis and mediation effect analysis. Results Self-emotional understanding and emotion regulation, which are sub-areas of emotional intelligence, were found to have a significant impact on self-trust, independence, and relationships, which are sub-elements of career resilience. In terms of the influence of emotional intelligence on career preparation behavior, understanding of others' emotions and understanding of one's own emotions were found to have a significant impact on career preparation behavior. In terms of the influence relationship between career elasticity and career preparation behavior, it was found that self-reliance in career elasticity had a significant impact on career preparation behavior. Conclusions It was found that the emotional intelligence and career resilience of college students majoring in culinary arts, based on their understanding of their own emotions and the emotions of others, can increase their career preparation behavior. Therefore, because self-emotion understanding and emotion regulation of emotional intelligence have a significant impact on career resilience, universities also need education and learning on self-emotion understanding and emotion regulation among college students. By increasing independence through career resilience, students can prepare for their careers. We need to provide opportunities to get a job at a company of our choice through lowering worries and taking career preparation actions for the future.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of parenting attitudes on peer relationship quality of elementary and middle school students through the mediation of social mindset and social achievement goals. This study utilized questionnaire data from 1,010 students from the 5th grade of elementary school to the 3rd grade of middle school at 2 elementary schools and 2 middle schools in D City. SPSS 23.0 was used to conduct preliminary analysis, and Amos 21.0 was used to conduct two-stage structural equation model analysis to test the hypothesized model. As a result of the study, first, the positive parenting attitudes positively predicted elementary and middle school children's social growth mindset, social achievement goals, and peer relationship quality. Second, elementary and middle school children's social growth mindset and social achievement goals significantly predicted their peer relationship quality, and social growth mindset also had a positive effect on social achievement goals. Third, social growth mindset and social achievement goals each mediated the relationship between elementary and middle school students' perceived parenting style and peer relationship quality, and also had a sequential dual mediation effect. By confirming that positive parenting attitudes directly influence children's social beliefs, motivation, and peer relationship quality this study provides an opportunity to inform parents about the need to foster positive parenting attitudes. In addition, the identification of psychosocial variables (social mindset, social achievement goals) that predict children's social relationships and their causal relationships with parenting attitudes may expand parents' understanding of children's psychology and provide a theoretical basis for program interventions to help elementary and middle school students.

This study primarily analyzes the impact of career decision self-efficacy and career preparation behavior on career adaptation, discussing the mediating role of career preparation behavior among 522 college students. The results show significant positive correlations among career decision self-efficacy, career preparation behavior, and career adaptation. Career decision self-efficacy significantly positively influences career preparation behavior, with the sub-factors of influence in descending order being problem-solving, future planning, and goal-setting. Self-evaluation and career information do not have a significant impact on career decision self-efficacy. Career decision self-efficacy also has a significant positive effect on career adaptation, with future planning and problem-solving having the highest influence. Self-evaluation, career information, and goal-setting do not significantly impact career adaptation. Career preparation behavior has a significant positive effect on career adaptation, with the sub-factors in descending order being information gathering behavior, goal achievement behavior, and tool preparation behavior. In the mediation test, career preparation behavior partially mediates the effects, mainly through problem-solving and future planning influencing information gathering and goal achievement behaviors, thereby enhancing students' interest in careers, self-behavioral control, curiosity about future developments, and confidence. Thus, problem-solving and future planning in career decision self-efficacy are critical for enhancing students' career adaptation and achieving high-quality employment.

Objectives Our objectives were to assess the effects of mothers’ parenting attitudes and parenting efficacies on children’s social competence by the level of their attitude toward children’s emotional expression, and find a way to enhance social competence. Methods Our research targeted 270 mothers of kindergarteners in D city and K province, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 to examine the correlation among each variable. Also, one-way ANOVA was used to identify the difference among the variables, and multiple regression analysis was used to examine variables’ interrelations. Results First, the mothers’ parenting attitude, parenting efficacy, and the children’s social competence had an average score of 3 or higher on a 5-point Likert scale. It was found that parenting efficacy showed a significant difference: parenting efficacy was higher when the attitude toward emotional expression was ‘high, medium’ than in the case of ‘low’. As a result of correlation analysis, mothers’ rejection as a parenting attitude showed a negative correlation with attitude toward emotional expressions and parenting efficacy at every level. Third, with the length of the marriage, which showed the most significant difference as a result of examining the effect of sociodemographic characteristics on children’s social competence, used as a control variable, we analyzed three levels of the effect of the mothers’ attitude toward emotional expressions-high, medium, low-on their parenting attitude and parenting efficacy. The result was that the length of marriage and parenting efficacy in the high group, the length of the marriage, parenting attitude, and parenting efficacy in the medium group showed significant influence on children’s social competence. The low group was not statistically significant with every variable, and the explanation power for each of the levels was 35%, 32%, and 11%. Therefore, it can be seen that the higher the mothers’ attitude toward children’s emotional expression, the greater the effect of their parenting efficacy on the children’s social competence. Conclusions The mothers’ attitude toward children’s emotional expressions is a factor that influences the mothers’ positive parenting attitude and parenting efficacy, and affects the children’s social competence along with the two factors. In conclusion, to enhance children’s social competence, it is required to improve mothers’ attitudes toward children’s emotional expressions, and the necessity of developing educations and therapy programs that foster mothers’ positive parenting attitudes and parenting efficacy is suggested.

This study is to examine the structural relationship between career barrier, career adaptability and career preparation behavior in the COVID-19 situation. During the survey period, a total of 290 students were asked to participate in the online survey, and the actual collected questionnaire was 284. The survey was conducted mainly on students majoring in aviation service students.BR The results of the study are as follows. first, career barrier which includes lack of self-clearance had negative influence on career adaptability. Second, career barrier had partial negative influence on career preparation behavior which includes tooling activities, information gathering activities. Third, career adaptability had positive influence on career preparation behavior which includes tooling activities, information gathering activities, practical efforts. Fourth, career adaptability was verified as effective on mediating between career barrier and career preparation behavior. What is noteworthy in the results of this study is that career adaptability acts as important variable between career barrier and career preparation behavior.

Objectives This study derives research trends and influencing factors on the self-resilience of middle and high school students from multicultural families through systematic literature review. Methods A total of 1,100 articles on the self-resilience of multicultural youth published in domestic journals from 2008 to 2023 were collected, and the final 23 articles were selected through three stages of exclusion and inclusion. A total of five databases were used for the search database: Korean Academic Information (KISS), Academic Research Information Service (RISS), Academic Database Service (DBpia), Korean Academy of Academic Education (ⓔ particle), and Korean Journal Citation Index (KCI). Results first, general characteristics were analyzed to identify research trends. Second, individual factors (bilingual ability, developmental assets, bicultural acceptance attitude), family factors (parent-child communication, mother's positive parenting attitude, family support, parental support and supervision, simulated parenting efficacy), and school and social factors (social support, cultural adaptation stress, and companionship) were derived from the self-resilience of middle and high school students from multicultural families. Third, individual factors (empowerment, life satisfaction, achievement motivation, mental health, depression), school and social factors (social adaptability, social atrophy, cultural adaptation stress, school life adaptation, school life satisfaction, learning attitude, academic interruption, career decision-making, and companionship) were derived. Conclusions By deriving in more detail the factors influencing the self-resilience of middle and high school students from multicultural families, which were relatively insufficient in previous studies, basic data for future studies were provided. This suggests the need for research to explore the psychological adaptation and growth process of multicultural youth in more depth.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between internal locus of control and peer social support on the career maturity of Vocational High School (SMK) students in Wonocolo District, Surabaya. This research uses a quantitative method. The population in this study consists of all SMK students in Wonocolo District, comprising 3 private SMK and 2 public SMK, with a total of 6,873 students. The research sample was taken using the Quota Random Sampling technique based on the Krejcie tabel, resulting in a sample size of 364 students. The data collection instrument uses scales that have been tested for validity and reliability. The measuring instruments used in this study are the Career Maturity Scale, the Internal Locus of Control Scale, and the Peer Social Support Scale. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression tests to determine the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results showed that peer social support had a significant effect on the career maturity of students, meaning the hypothesis was accepted. Peer social support has a positive and significant relationship with the career maturity of students. The stronger the peer social support that students have, the higher the career maturity they achieve. On the other hand, internal locus of control did not show a significant relationship with students' career maturity, meaning the hypothesis was rejected. The belief of students in their internal control did not have a significant impact on career maturity.

The purpose of this study is to identify the structural relationship between creative ability, entrepreneurship, self-efficacy, and career preparation behavior in food & culinary arts students. For collecting the data, this study distributed 400 questionnaires to food service majors from March 24, 2019 to March 31, 2019. Total of 400 questionnaires were returned and the researcher removed 79 questionnaires that could not be used statistically (same answers, omission of questions/answers). As a result, total of 322 questionnaires were used for an empirical analysis. In this study, SPSS 18.0 Package and AMOS 18.0 were used for analyzing the statistics. The study results were as follows. First, the result for hypothesis 1 on “Creative ability would have positive (+) influence on entrepreneurship” was adopted. Second, the result for hypothesis 2 on “Creative ability would have positive (+) influence on self-efficacy” was adopted. Third, the result for hypothesis 3 on “Creative ability would have positive (+) influence on career preparation behavior” was rejected. Fourth, the result for hypothesis 4 on “Entrepreneurship would have positive (+) influence on career preparation behavior” was rejected. Fifth, the result for hypothesis 5 on “Self-efficacy would have positive (+) influence on career preparation behavior” was adopted. The results made academic contribution on generalization of social cognitive career theory and career development theory while suggesting practical implications on education and career for food service majors.