A Novel Method for Image Encryption Based on Chaos and Transcendental Numbers

Security is major concern in data handling, communication, message transmission and electronic transaction on public network. Cryptography (secret writing) is the encryption process of transformation of messages to make information secure and resistant to attack. AES is symmetric encryption standard recommended by NIST. AES is proved to be highly secure, faster and strong encryption algorithm. AES is used commonly because of its great competence and easiness. But in recent years cyber-attacks are continuously developing, therefore security specialists must stay busy in the lab inventing new schemes to keep attackers at bay. Possible attacks on symmetric algorithm can be Brute-force Attack, Differential Attack, Algebraic Attack and Linear Attack. So to provide strong security in message transmission, AES algorithm with hybrid approach of Dynamic Key Generation and Dynamic S-box Generation is proposed. In hybrid approach first we will add more complexity in data to increase Confusion and Diffusion in Cipher text by using Dynamic Key Generation and then by using Dynamic S-Box Generation we will make it difficult for attacker to do any down study of static set of S-box.

In the modern society of digitalization, integration, intelligence, and networking, while people enjoy the convenience of information technology to their production and lives, information security in the network, as the cornerstone of information communication, becomes more and more important. The research is to establish a new image encryption (IE) method based on LFSR state sequence (SS)s in VHDL language, and the stream cipher of LFSR is studied in detail to induce the idea of LFSR SSs based on VHDL language. The correlation coefficient (CC) of the original image (OI) and encrypted image (EI) pixel points (PP) are analyzed from horizontal direction, vertical direction and diagonal direction, and the results show that the CC of adjacent PP of the OI is large, which approaches 1. However, using the encryption algorithm proposed in this paper, the correlation coefficient of the PP of the EI is -0.0282 in the diagonal direction, and the highest correlation coefficient in the horizontal direction is only 0.0122, which indicates that the adjacent PP of the EI are almost uncorrelated with each other. Therefore, the encryption method can well resist statistical attacks, which illustrates the effectiveness, security, and reliability of this new IE method.

In this paper, we propose a parameterized crypto co-processor based on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). This parameterized AES module is combined with a 32-bit general purpose 5-stage pipelined MIPS processor. The AES module used in this paper is fully pipelined. The processor fetches an instruction from the instruction memory and sends it to the decode stage. If the instruction is the crypto instruction it is pushed into the AES module during the decode stage. However if the instruction belongs to the MIPS processor, the remaining cycles will be completed on the MIPS processor. The parameterized AES module has different latencies on different rounds of AES according to the application requirements. The effects of different number of rounds on latency, memory, and area are studied and reported.

This paper analyzes the security of the RC5 encryption algorithm against differential and linear cryptanalysis. RC5 is a new block cipher recently designed by Ron Rivest. It has a variable word size, a variable number of rounds, and a variable-length secret key. In RC5, the secret key is used to fill an expanded key table which is then used in encryption. Both our differential and linear attacks on RC5 recover every bit of the expanded key table without any exhaustive search. However, the plaintext requirement is strongly dependent on the number of rounds. For 64-bit block size, our differential attack on nine-round RC5 uses 245 chosen plaintext pairs (about the same as DES), while 262 pairs are needed for 12-round RC5. Similarly, our linear attack on live-round RC5 uses 247 known plaintexts (about the same as DES), and the plaintext requirement is impractical for more than six rounds. We conjecture that the linear approximations used in our linear cryptanalysis are optimal. Thus, we conclude that Rivest's suggested use of 12 rounds is sufficient to make differential and linear cryptanalysis of RC5 impractical.

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known as a specification for the encryption of electronic data. AES is comparatively highly secure and more efficient than well-known other cryptographic algorithms and existing Data Encryption Standard (DES). This work is focused in analyzing selecting valuable research publications on AES. This also discusses some machine learning techniques such as artificial neural network (ANN) used to protect side channel attack for images. Besides this, many other recent developments such as effective differential power analysis (DPA) technique and hybrid encryption algorithm using LZW have been discussed and analyzed in details. Finally, the paper concludes with a systematic analysis of different types of attacks on AES and some future research aspects in this context. Finally, this work also proposes a new model for attack detection in AES.

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is considered to be the most important and widely deployed symmetric primitive. While the cipher was designed to be immune against differential and other classical attacks, this immunity does not hold in the related-key setting, and various related-key attacks have appeared over time. This work presents tools and algorithms to search for related-key distinguishers and attacks of differential nature against the AES. First, we propose two entirely different approaches to find optimal truncated differential characteristics and bounds on the minimum number of active S-boxes for all variants of the AES. In the first approach, we propose a simple MILP model that handles better linear inconsistencies with respect to the AES system of equations and that compares particularly well to previous tool-based approaches to solve this problem. The main advantage of this tool is that it can easily be used as the core algorithm to search for any attack on AES exploiting related-key differentials. Then, we design a fast and low-memory algorithm based on dynamic programming that has a very simple to understand complexity analysis and does not depend on any generic solver. This second algorithm provides us useful insight on the related-key differential search problem for AES and shows that the search space is not as big as one would expect. Finally, we build on the top of our MILP model a fully automated tool to search for the best differential MITM attacks against the AES. We apply our tool on AES-256 and find an attack on 13 rounds with only two related keys. This attack can be seen as the best known cryptanalysis against this variant if only 2 related keys are permitted.

A modified XXTEA “M-XXTEA” symmetric block cipher that has a simple construction compared to the advanced encryption standard (AES) is proposed. It is efficient for protecting limited-resource devices such as IoT smart devices. The M-XXTEA will be able to achieve confidentiality during transmission of data over the internet. Since the original XXTEA was vulnerable against key-related and chosen-plaintext attacks. Therefore, this paper introduces a new and robust version of the original XXTEA by employing an improved S-box to enhance security to overcome such types of attacks. Besides, the M-XXTEA is coupled with a chaotic key generator system adding a layer of security achieving the idea behind the one-time pad. The cipher keys are dynamically changing for each block of plaintext when encrypted. Thus, it provides a more robust security mechanism than the original XXTEA and the AES. Besides enhancing data security, the M-XXTEA can function with different sizes of text blocks and with different key sizes. Several experiments are implemented to compare the performance of the M-XXTEA with the original XXTEA and with the AES. Results show that the M-XXTEA encryption and decryption time efficiencies outperform AES by 60%. Besides, the M-XXTEA achieves speed efficiency 57% better than the AES. It can be used efficiently for protecting IoT smart devices in the industry, and e-health systems, and smart cities.

Due to the huge developments in mobile and smartphone technologies in recent years, more attention is given to voice data transmission such as VoIP (Voice over IP) technologies, e.g., (WhatsApp, Skype, and Face Book Messenger). When using VoIP services over smartphones, there are always security and privacy concerns like the eavesdropping of calls between the communicating parties. Therefore, there is a pressing need to address these risks by enhancing the security level and encryption methods. In this work, we suggest a new scheme to encrypt VoIP channels using (128, 192 & 256-bit) enhanced encryption based on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, by extending it with the well-known Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange method. We have performed a series of real tests on the enhanced (AES/DH) algorithm and compared its performance with the generic AES algorithm. The results have shown that we can get a significant increase in the encryption strength at a very small overhead between 4% and 7% of execution time.

With the widespread use of various confidential images such as medical and financial images, image security has become popular. Traditional encryption algorithms such as Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) were proposed for texts in the beginning, thus inefficient to encrypt large images size and insecure against attacks because of low confusion and diffusion. In this paper, an improved image encryption scheme using three-dimensional (3D) pixel scrambling and a five-dimensional (5D) hyperchaotic keystream is presented for better security and efficiency. Disparities in spatial correlations are eliminated by the 3D voxel grid division of the images. The 5D hyperchaotic system is used for creating a keystream that has enlarged keyspace, and proved to be able to resist brute-force attacks. The approach presents adaptive confusion and diffusion manners according to the different configuration parameters, making it have high security as expressed by calculated criteria including Entropy, NPCR, and UACI. The test results demonstrate that this image encryption method can be qualified to protect sensitive images in real-time.

Cryptography, the art and science of securing information, is vital in securing sensitive data in today’s digital age. This paper begins with an overview of cryptography’s core principles and role in modern computing. It then delves into the core of our discussion, Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) [1,3]. AES, a widely used encryption standard, is a cornerstone of modern data encryption. In this paper, we explore its history, the complexities of its algorithm, key length considerations, and security in the face of evolving threats, including quantum computing. We also shed light on AES’s practical applications showing its pervasive influence on data security. This paper provides a concise yet informative introduction to cryptography and a detailed examination of AES encryption, offering readers valuable insights into its significance in the digital realm.

A novel method of digital image encryption is presented. Image encryption and decryption are performed based on the continuously increasing decorrelation property and the real-valuedness of the reality-preserving fractional Fourier transform. The input and encrypted data are respectively in the spatial domain and the reality-preserving fractional Fourier transformed domain determined by encryption keys. It resists statistic analyses effectively. In addition, the encrypted image is real-valued, so it’s convenient for display and storage. The simulation result shows that the parameters of the reality-preserving fractional Fourier transform enhance the space of keys. As a method of encryption, it won’t bring data expanding, and is sensitive to parameters, with considerable robustness, security, and feasible implementation in practice, which has a good prospect and practicability in information security field.

In this work, we first present a low-cost, anomaly-based semi-supervised approach, which is instrumental in detecting the presence of ongoing side-channel attacks at runtime. We are, in particular, concerned with attacks that are carried out by creating intentional contentions in shared resources with cryptographic applications using a “spy” process. At a very high level, the approach quantifies contentions in shared resources, associates these contentions with processes, such as with a victim process, and issues a warning at runtime whenever the contentions reach a “suspicious” level. We then adapt this approach to detect the presence of four different types of cache-based side-channel attacks, namely prime-and-probe attacks on advanced encryption standard (AES), flush-and-reload attacks on AES and elliptic curve digital signature algorithm with Montgomery ladder algorithm, and Flush + Flush attacks on AES. To this end, we vary the shared resources monitored, the level of granularity at which the contentions in these resources are quantified, and the way the suspicious levels of contentions are detected. We evaluate the proposed approach also in cross-virtual machine setups (when applicable). The results of our experiments support our basic hypothesis that spy processes, which leverage information leaked by cryptographic applications through some shared resources, ironically leak information by themselves through the same or related channels, which can be analyzed to detect the presence of ongoing attacks at runtime.

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is the most popular symmetric encryption method, which encrypts streams of data by using symmetric keys. The current preferable AES architectures employ effective methods to achieve two important goals: protection against power analysis attacks and high-throughput. Based on a different architectural point of view, we implement a particular parallel architecture for the latter goal, which is capable of implementing a more efficient pipelining in field-programmable gate array (FPGA). In this regard, all intermediate registers which have a role for unrolling the main loop will be removed. Also, instead of unrolling the main loop of AES algorithm, we implement pipelining structure by replicating nonpipelined AES architectures and using an auto-assigner mechanism for each AES block. By implementing the new pipelined architecture, we achieve two valuable advantages: (a) solving single point of failure problem when one of the replicated parts is faulty and (b) deploying the proposed design as a fault tolerant AES architecture. In addition, we put emphasis on area optimization for all four AES main functions to reduce the overhead associated with AES block replication. The simulation results show that the maximum frequency of our proposed AES architecture is 675.62[Formula: see text]MHz, and for AES128 the throughput is 86.5[Formula: see text]Gbps which is 30.9% better than its closest existing competitor.

Wearable and implantable medical devices are revolutionizing health-care today with lab-on-a-chip technologies because they can register a wide range of physiological and environmental parameters. Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) and Wearable Medical Devices (WMDs) with bio-sensors have modernized the way high-quality, safe health care is delivered. The wearable device is more readily available than IMDs and does not require additional installation expenditures. It is critical to find solutions for battery depletion, resolution, and data prevention in Wearable Medical Devices (WMDs). The purpose of this paper is to provide a strategy for overcoming current wearable technology challenges. SAR-ADC has a flexible binary search approach, good power efficiency, and high resolution, and the recommended system aids in wearable sensor node reconfigurability. Wearable Medical Devices could generate medical data and communicate it via wireless networks to a cloud-based system. During the data transfer to the cloud, the Man in the Middle will steal confidential medical information. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) methods are active in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to safety net the data from loss or stealing of data. AES is a hardware-based encryption method that safeguards data from a variety of threats. As a result, the suggested system uses the AES algorithm to transform data that un-encrypted into encrypted data. The 128 bit AES algorithm was used with the XILINX 14.5 software, yielding a result of 7.528 ns minimum time and 296.8MHz frequency, with a throughput of 1.70 GB/s.

Video security is an important aspect of communication now days. As the area is complex due to the nature of video and its file format. So there is a wide scope in this area. Cryptography can be applied for the data protection but in case of video all cryptography algorithms are not suitable as the video encoding scheme is different for different file formats. So in this paper an efficient Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) based algorithm has been proposed. This is hybridizing with random process. So this algorithm is random process- Advanced Encryption Standard (RP-AES). Our process improve the security mechanism due to this random process, the random process can efficient in generating runtime passwords every time. This algorithm has been checked by two parameters first by information loss and by checking the histogram comparison. In case of first parameter our results show less information entropy change so the data loss is minimum. In the second case the deviation in histogram shows that the RGB combinations have sufficient deviation for the encryption and decryption process.